In the buildings sector, the roles of governments and the roles of private sector stakeholders often overlap; they merge in patterns that vary from country to country. The private sector is defined here as including two quite different types of organisations: 1) businesses and industries that are motivated primarily to improve their profit-making positions and long-term economic viability, and 2) NGOs, including charitable and church organisations, that are motivated by environmental, humanitarian, and religious missions, or organisations which are advocates of certain interest groups.

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