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4.12 Research & Technology Development (RTD)
Technology capacity at both the inception/assessment and replication stages
of the technology transfer process have to be underpinned by RTD. Central to
this process are national systems of innovations and international cooperation
between research institutions (public) and private sector entities in research
and technology development. Innovation and technology development are the result
of a complex set of relationships among actors in the system, which includes
private-public enterprises, universities and government research institutions
(OECD, 1997). The national systems of innovations are well developed in OECD
countries compared to developing countries. Furthermore, there is more international
cooperative research among OECD countries and the EU countries (see OECD, 1997;
Guy, 1997).
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