| |
| Table
8-3: Selected international environmental treaties. |
| Convention and Agreement |
Place and Date of Adoption |
The Antarctic Treaty
-Protocol to the Antarctic Treaty
on Environmental Protection |
Washington, 1959
Madrid, 1991 |
Convention on Wetlands of International Importance especially as
Waterfowl Habitat
-Protocol to Amend the Convention on Wetlands
of International Importance Especially as Waterfowl Habitat |
Ramsar, 1971
Paris, 1982 |
| International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships |
London, 1973 |
| Convention on International Trade on Endangered Species of Wild
Fauna and Flora |
Washington, 1973 |
| Convention on the Prevention of Marine Pollution from Land-based
Sources |
Paris, 1974 |
| Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals |
Bonn, 1979 |
| UN/ECE Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution |
Geneva, 1979 |
| -Protocol on Long-Term Financing of the Cooperative
Programme for Monitoring and Evaluation of the Long-Range Transmission
of Air Pollutants in Europe (EMEP) |
Geneva, 1984 |
| -Protocol on the Reduction of Sulfur Emissions or their
Transboundary Fluxes by at least 30% |
Helsinki, 1985 |
| -Protocol Concerning the Control of Emissions of Nitrogen
or their Transboundary Fluxes |
Sofia, 1988 |
| -Protocol Concerning the Control of Emissions of Volatile
Organic Compounds or their Transboundary Fluxes |
Geneva, 1991 |
| -Protocol on Further Reduction of Sulfur Emission |
Oslo, 1994 |
| -Protocol on Heavy Metals |
Aarhus, 1998 |
| -Protocol on Persistent Organic Pollutants |
Aarhus, 1998 |
| -Protocol to Abate Acidification, Eutrophication, and
Ground-level Ozone |
Gothenburg, 1999 |
|
| United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea |
Montego Bay, 1982 |
Vienna Convention for the Protection of the Ozone Layer
-Montreal
Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer |
Vienna, 1985
Montreal, 1987 |
Basel Convention on the Control of Transboundary Movements of Hazardous
Wastes and their Disposal
-Amendment to the Basel Convention
on the Control of Transboundary Movements of Hazardous Wastes and
their Disposal |
Basel, 1989
Geneva, 1995
|
| UN/ECE Convention on the Protection and Use of Transboundary Watercourses
and International Lakes |
Helsinki, 1992 |
United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change
-Kyoto
Protocol to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change |
New York, 1992
Kyoto, 1997 |
| Convention on Biological Diversity
-Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety to the Convention on Biological
Diversity
|
Rio de Janeiro, 1992
Montreal, 2000
|
| United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification in those Countries
Experiencing Serious Drought and/or Desertification, Particularly
in Africa |
Paris, 1994 |
| Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants |
Stockholm, 2001 |
| United Nations Forum on Forestsa |
New York, 2001 |
| a. This reference is included in view
of the importance of international efforts towards a treaty on the
issue of forests and their environmental value. |
|
|
| |
| Box 8-1:
Assessing climate change and stratospheric ozone depletion. |
|
The Ozone Scientific Assessment Panel of the Montreal Protocol
and the IPCC have had integrated assessment activities regarding
the state of understanding of the coupling of the stratospheric
ozone layer and the climate system. For the past several years,
the Scientific Assessments of Ozone Depletion have included the
climate relevance of ozone-depleting gases. Further these assessments
have included how current and future climate change and greenhouse
gas abundances can influence ozone layer recovery. The IPCC has
assessed the climate-cooling tendency due to ozone layer depletion.
In addition, joint activities have been undertaken such as the
assessment
of the climate and ozone-layer impacts of
aviation and how the mitigative needs of the Montreal Protocol
for substitutes for ozone-depleting gases (notably hydrofluorocarbons)
could be impacted by potential decisions about the global warming
properties of these gases. These assessments provide information
on how decisions and actions regarding one issue would influence
the other, and they foster effective dialog between the policy
frameworks.
|
|
WGI TAR Sections 4.2, 5.5,
6.13, & 7.2.4,
WGIII TAR Chapter 3 Appendix,
& SRAGA
Section 4.2 |
|
|
