Climate Change 2001:
Working Group I: The Scientific Basis
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Figure 6.8: Time evolution of global mean radiative forcing from pre-industrial times (1750) to present. Annual mean radiative forcing values are shown, except for stratospheric aerosols of volcanic origin where a three-year running mean is used. Radiative forcings due to (a) well-mixed greenhouse gases, tropospheric O3 , and stratospheric O3 , (b) direct effect of sulphate aerosols, fossil fuel organic and black carbon aerosols, and biomass burning aerosols, (c) solar irradiance variations from Lean et al. (1995) and Hoyt and Schatten (1993), respectively, and (d) stratospheric aerosols of volcanic origin from Sato et al. (1993) (and updated with data from www.giss.nasa.gov) for the period 1850 to 1998 and from Robock and Free (1996) for the period 1750 to 1988 (for the Northern Hemisphere only). Note the change of scales in the different panels.

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