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14. Advancing Our Understanding
Contents
Executive Summary
14.1 Introduction
14.2 The Climate System
14.2.1 Overview
14.2.2 Predictability in a Chaotic System
14.2.2.1 Initialisation and flux adjustments
14.2.2.2 Balancing the need for finer scales and the need
for ensembles
14.2.2.3 Extreme events
14.2.2.4 Organised variability
14.2.3 Key Sub-systems and Phenomena in the Physical-Climate
System
14.2.3.1 Clouds
14.2.3.2 Thermohaline circulation
14.2.3.3 Arctic sea ice
14.2.4 The Global Carbon Cycle
14.2.4.1 The marine carbon system
14.2.4.2 The terrestrial system
14.2.5 Precipitation, Soil Moisture, and River Flow: Elements
of the Hydrological Cycle
14.2.6 Trace Gases, Aerosols, and the Climate System
14.3 The Human System
14.3.1 Overview
14.3.2 Humans: Drivers of Global Change: Recipients of Global
Change
14.4 Outlook
References
Co-ordinating Lead Author
B. Moore III
Lead Authors
W.L. Gates, L.J. Mata, A. Underdal
Contributing Author
R.J. Stouffer
Review Editors
B. Bolin, A. Ramirez Rojas
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