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Working Group I: The Scientific Basis


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Appendix V - Acronyms and Abbreviations
AABW Antarctic Bottom Water
AAO Antarctic Oscillation
ABL Atmospheric Boundary Layer
ACC Antarctic Circumpolar Current
ACE Aerosol Characterisation Experiment
ACRIM Active Cavity Radiometer Irradiance Monitor
ACSYS Arctic Climate System Study
ACW Antarctic Circumpolar Wave
AEROCE Atmosphere Ocean Chemistry Experiment
AGAGE Advanced Global Atmospheric Gases Experiment
AGCM Atmospheric General Circulation Model
AGWP Absolute Global Warming Potential
AMIP Atmospheric Model Intercomparison Project
ANN Artificial Neural Networks
AO Arctic Oscillation
AOGCM Atmosphere-Ocean General Circulation Model
ARESE Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Enhanced Shortwave Experiment
ARGO Part of the Integrated Global Observation Strategy
ARM Atmospheric Radiation Measurement
ARPEGE/OPA Action de Recherche Petite Echelle Grande Echelle/Oc�an Parall�lis�
ASHOE/MAESA Airborne Southern Hemisphere Ozone Experiment/Measurement for Assessing the Effects of Stratospheric Aircraft
AVHRR Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer
AWI Alfred Wegener Institute (Germany)
BAHC Biospheric Aspects of the Hydrological Cycle
BC Black Carbon
BERN2D Two-dimensional Climate Model of University of Bern
BIOME 6000 Global Palaeo-vegetation Mapping Project
BMRC Bureau of Meteorology Research Centre (Australia)
CART Classification and Tree Analysis
CCA Canonical Correlation Analysis
CCC(ma) Canadian Centre for Climate (Modelling and Analysis) (Canada)
CCM Community Climate Model
CCMLP Carbon Cycle Model Linkage Project
CCN Cloud Condensation Nuclei
CCSR Centre for Climate System Research (Japan)
CERFACS European Centre for Research and Advanced Training in Scientific Computation (France)
CIAP Climate Impact Assessment Program
CLIMAP Climate: Long-range Investigation, Mapping and Prediction
CLIMBER Climate-Biosphere Model
CLIMPACTS Integrated Model for Assessment of the Effects of Climate Change on the New Zealand Environment
CMAP CPC Merged Analysis of Precipitation
CMDL Climate Monitoring and Diagnostics Laboratory of NOAA (USA)
CMIP Coupled Model Intercomparison Project
CNRM Centre National de Recherches M�t�orologiques (France)
CNRS Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (France)
COADS Comprehensive Ocean Atmosphere Data Set
COHMAP Co-operative Holocene Mapping Project
COLA Center for Ocean-Land-Atmosphere Studies (USA)
COSAM Comparison of Large-scale Atmospheric Sulphate Aerosol Model
COSMIC Country Specific Model for Intertemporal Climate
COWL Cold Ocean Warm Land
CPC Climate Prediction Center of NOAA (USA)
CRF Cloud Radiative Forcing
CRU Climatic Research Unit of UEA (UK)
CRYOSat Cryosphere Satellite
CSG Climate Scenario Generator
CSIRO Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (Australia)
CSM Climate System Model
CTM Chemistry Transport Model
DARLAM CSIRO Division of Atmospheric Research Limited Area Model
DDC Data Distribution Centre of IPCC
DGVM Dynamic Global Vegetation Model
DERF Dynamical Extended Range Forecasting group of GFDL (USA)
DIC Dissolved Inorganic Carbon
DJF December, January, February
DKRZ Deutsche KlimaRechenZentrum (Germany)
DMS Dimethylsulfide
DMSP Defense Meteorological Satellite Program
DNM Department of Numerical Mathematics (Russia)
DOC Dissolved Organic Carbon
DOE Department of Energy (USA)
DORIS Determination d�Orbite et Radiopositionnement Int�gr�s par Satellite
DRF Direct Radiative Forcing
DTR Diurnal Temperature Range
DYNAMO Dynamics of North Atlantic Models
EBM Energy Balance Model
ECHAM ECMWF/MPI AGCM
ECMWF European Centre for Medium-range Weather Forecasting
ECS Effective Climate Sensitivity
EDGAR Emission Database for Global Atmospheric Research
EISMINT European Ice Sheet Modelling initiative
EMDI Ecosystem Model/Data Intercomparison
EMIC Earth system Models of Intermediate Complexity
ENSO El Ni�o-Southern Oscillation
EOF Empirical Orthogonal Function
EOS Earth Observing System
ERA ECMWF Reanalysis
ERB Earth Radiation Budget
ERBE Earth Radiation Budget Experiment
ERBS Earth Radiation Budget Satellite
ESCAPE Evaluation of Strategies to Address Climate Change by Adapting to and Preventing Emissions
ESMR Electrically Scanning Microwave Radiometer
EURECA European Retrievable Carrier
FACE Free Air Carbon-dioxide Enrichment
FAO Food and Agriculture Organisation (UN)
FCCC Framework Convention on Climate Change
FDH Fixed Dynamical Heating
FF Fossil Fuel
FPAR Plant-absorbed Fraction of Incoming Photosynthetically Active Radiation
FSU Former Soviet Union
GASP Global Assimilation and Prediction
GCIP GEWEX Continental-scale International Program
GCM General Circulation Model
GCOS Global Climate Observing System
GCR Galactic Cosmic Ray
GDP Gross Domestic Product
GEBA Global Energy Balance Archive
GEIA Global Emissions Inventory Activity
GEISA Gestion et Etude des Informations Spectroscopiques Atmosph�riques
GEWEX Global Energy and Water cycle Experiment
GFDL Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (USA)
GHCN Global Historical Climate Network
GHG Greenhouse Gas
GIM Global Integration and Modelling
GISP Greenland Ice Sheet Project
GISS Goddard Institute for Space Studies (USA)
GISST Global Sea Ice and Sea Surface Temperature
GLOSS Global Sea Level Observing System
GOALS Global Ocean-Atmosphere-Land System
GPCP Global Precipitation Climatology Project
GPP Gross Primary Production
GPS Global Positioning System
GRACE Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment
GRIP Greenland Ice Core Project
GSFC Goddard Space Flight Center (USA)
GSWP Global Soil Wetness Project
GUAN GCOS Upper Air Network
GWP Global Warming Potential
HadCM Hadley Centre Coupled Model
HIRETYCS High Resolution Ten-Year Climate Simulations
HITRAN High Resolution Transmission Molecular Absorption Database
HLM High Latitude Mode
HNLC High Nutrient-Low Chlorophyll
HRBM High Resolution Biosphere Model
IAHS International Association of Hydrological Science
IAP Institute of Atmospheric Physics (China)
IASB Institut d�A�ronomie Spatiale de Belgique (Belgium)
IBIS Integrated Biosphere Simulator
ICESat Ice, Cloud and Land Elevation Satellite
ICSI International Commission on Snow and Ice
ICSU International Council of Scientific Unions
IGAC International Global Atmospheric Chemistry
IGBP International Geosphere Biosphere Programme
IGCR Institute for Global Change Research (Japan)
IHDP International Human Dimensions Programme on Global Environmental Change
IMAGE Integrated Model to Assess the Global Environment
IN Ice Nuclei
INDOEX Indian Ocean Experiment
IOC Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission
IPCC Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
IPO Interdecadal Pacific Oscillation
IPSL-CM Institut Pierre Simon Laplace/Coupled Atmosphere-Ocean-Vegetation Model
ISAM Integrated Science Assessment Model
ISCCP International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project
ISLSCP International Satellite Land Surface Climatology Project
ITCZ Inter-Tropical Convergence Zone
IUPAC International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry
JGOFS Joint Global Ocean Flux Study
JJA June, July, August
JMA Japan Meteorological Agency (Japan)
JPL Jet Propulsion Laboratory of NASA (USA)
KNMI Koninklijk Nederlands Meteorologisch Instituut (Netherlands)
LAI Leaf Area Index
LASG State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modelling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics (China)
LBA Large-scale Biosphere-atmosphere Experiment in Amazonia
LGGE Laboratoire de Glaciologie et G�ophysique de l�Environnement (France)
LGM Last Glacial Maximum
LLNL Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (USA)
LMD Laboratoire de M�t�orologie Dynamique (France)
LOSU Level of Scientific Understanding
LPJ Land-Potsdam-Jena Terrestrial Carbon Model
LSAT Land Surface Air Temperature
LSG Large-Scale Geostrophic Ocean Model
LSP Land Surface Parameterisation
LT Lifetime
LWP Liquid Water Path
MAGICC Model for the Assessment of Greenhouse-gas Induced Climate Change
MAM March, April, May
MARS Multivariate Adaptive Regression Splines
MGO Main Geophysical Observatory (Russia)
MJO Madden-Julian Oscillation
ML Mixed Layer
MLOPEX Mauna Loa Observatory Photochemistry Experiment
MODIS Moderate Resoluting Imaging Spectroradiometer
MOGUNTIA Model of the General Universal Tracer Transport in the Atmosphere
MOM Modular Ocean Model
MOZART Model for Ozone and Related Chemical Tracers
MPI Max-Plank Institute for Meteorology (Germany)
MRI Meteorological Research Institute (Japan)
MSLP Mean Sea Level Pressure
MSU Microwave Sounding Unit
NADW North Atlantic Deep Water
NAO North Atlantic Oscillation
NARE North Atlantic Regional Experiment
NASA National Aeronautics and Space Administration (USA)
NBP Net Biome Production
NCAR National Center for Atmospheric Research (USA)
NCC National Climate Centre (China)
NCDC National Climatic Data Center of NOAA (USA)
NCEP National Centers for Environmental Prediction of NOAA (USA)
NDVI Normalised Difference Vegetation Index
NEP Net Ecosystem Production
NESDIS National Environmental Satellite, Data and Information Service of NOAA (USA)
NIC National Ice Center of NOAA (USA)
NIED National Research Institute for Earth Science and Disaster Prevention (Japan)
NIES National Institute for Environmental Studies (Japan)
NMAT Night Marine Air Temperature
NMHC Non-Methane Hydrocarbon
NOAA National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (USA)
NPP Net Primary Production
NPZD Nutrients, Phytoplankton, Zooplankton and Detritus
NRC National Research Council (USA)
NRL Naval Research Laboratory (USA)
NWP Numerical Weather Prediction
OC Organic Carbon
OCMIP Ocean Carbon-cycle Model Intercomparison Project
OCS Organic Carbonyl Sulphide
OGCM Ocean General Circulation Model
OLR Outgoing Long-wave Radiation
OPYC Ocean Isopycnal GCM
OxComp Tropospheric Oxidant Model Comparison
PC Principal Component
PCM Parallel Climate Model
PDF Probability Density Function
PDO Pacific Decadal Oscillation
PEM Pacific Exploratory Missions
PFT Plant Functional Type
PGR Post-Glacial Rebound
PhotoComp Ozone Photochemistry Model Comparison
PICASSO Pathfinder Instruments for Cloud and Aerosol Spaceborne Observations
PIK Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (Germany)
PILPS Project for the Intercomparison of Land-surface Parameterisation Schemes
PIUB Physics Institute University of Bern (Switzerland)
PMIP Palaeoclimate Model Intercomparison Project
PNA Pacific-North American
PNNL Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (USA)
POC Particulate Organic Carbon
POLDER Polarisation and Directionality of the Earth�s Reflectances
POPCORN Photo-Oxidant Formation by Plant Emitted Compounds and OH Radicals in North-eastern Germany
PSMSL Permanent Service for Mean Sea Level
PT Perturbation Lifetime
QBO Quasi-Biennial Oscillation
RAMS Regional Atmospheric Modelling System
RCM Regional Climate Model
RIHMI Research Institute for Hydrometeorological Information
SAGE Stratospheric Aerosol & Gas Experiment
SAR IPCC Second Assessment Report
SAT Surface Air Temperature
SBUV Solar Backscatter Ultra Violet
SCAR-B Smoke Cloud and Radiation-Brazil
SCE Snow Cover Extent
SCENGEN Scenario Generator
SCSWP Small-scale Severe Weather Phenomena
SDD Statistical-Dynamical Downscaling
SDGVM Sheffield Dynamic Global Vegetation Model
SEFDH Seasonally Evolving Fixed Dynamical Heating
SHEBA Surface Heat Balance of the Arctic Ocean
SHI State Hydrological Institute (Russia)
SIMIP Sea Ice Model Intercomparison Project
SIO Scripps Institution of Oceanography (USA)
SLP Sea Level Pressure
SMMR Scanning Multichannel Microwave Radiometer
SOA Secondary Organic Aerosol
SOC Southampton Oceanography Centre (UK)
SOHO Solar Heliospheric Observatory
SOI Southern Oscillation Index
SOLSTICE Solar Stellar Irradiance Comparison Experiment
SON September, October, November
SONEX Subsonic Assessment Program Ozone and Nitrogen Oxide Experiment
SOS Southern Oxidant Study
SPADE Stratospheric Photochemistry, Aerosols, and Dynamics Expedition
SPARC Stratospheric Processes and Their Role in Climate
SPCZ South Pacific Convergence Zone
SRES IPCC Special Report on Emission Scenarios
SSM/T-2 Special Sensor Microwave Water Vapour Sounder
SSM/I Special Sensor Microwave/Imager
SST Sea Surface Temperature
SSU Stratospheric Sounding Unit
STRAT Stratospheric Tracers of Atmospheric Transport
SUCCESS Subsonic Aircraft Contrail and Cloud Effects Special Study
SUNGEN State University of New York at Albany/NCAR Global Environmental and Ecological Simulation of Interactive Systems
SUSIM Solar Ultraviolet Spectral Irradiance Monitor
TAR IPCC Third Assessment Report
TARFOX Tropospheric Aerosol Radiative Forcing Observational Experiment
TBFRA Temperate and Boreal Forest Resource Assessment
TBO Tropospheric Biennial Oscillation
TCR Transient Climate Response
TEM Terrestrial Ecosystem Model
TEMPUS Sea Surface Temperature Evolution Mapping Project based on Alkenone Stratigraphy
THC Thermohaline Circulation
TMR TOPEX Microwave Radiometer
TOA Top of the Atmosphere
TOMS Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer
TOPEX/POSEIDON US/French Ocean Topography Satellite Altimeter Experiment
TOVS Television Infrared Observation Satellite Operational Vertical Sounder
TPI Trans Polar Index
TRIFFID Top-down Representation of Interactive Foliage and Flora Including Dynamics
TSI Total Solar Irradiance
UARS Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite
UCAM University of Cambridge (UK)
UCI University of California at Irvine (USA)
UD/EB Upwelling Diffusion-Energy Balance
UEA University of East Anglia (UK)
UGAMP University Global Atmospheric Modelling Project
UIO Universitetet I Oslo (Norway)
UIUC University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign (USA)
UKHI United Kingdom High-resolution climate model
UKMO United Kingdom Met Office (UK)
UKTR United Kingdom Transient climate experiment
ULAQ Universit� degli studi dell�Aquila (Italy)
UM Unified Model
UNEP United Nations Environment Programme
UNESCO United Nations Education, Scientific and Cultural Organisation
UNFCCC United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change
USSR Union of Soviet Socialist Republics
UTH Upper Tropospheric Humidity
UV Ultraviolet radiation
UVic University of Victoria (Canada)
VIRGO Variability of Solar Irradiance and Gravity Oscillations
VLM Vertical Land Movement
VOC Volatile Organic Compounds
WAIS West Antarctic Ice Sheet
WASA Waves and Storms in the North Atlantic
WAVAS Water Vapour Assessment
WBCs Western Boundary Currents
WCRP World Climate Research Programme
WMGGs Well-Mixed Greenhouse Gases
WMO World Meteorological Organization
WOCE World Ocean Circulation Experiment
WP Western Pacific
WRE Wigley, Richels and Edmonds
YONU Yonsei University (Korea)

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