REPORTS - ASSESSMENT REPORTS

Working Group II: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability


Other reports in this collection

References

Acho-Chi, 1998: Human interference and environmental instability: addressing the environmental consequences of rapid urban growth in Bamenda, Cameroon. Environment and Urbanization, 10(2), 161–174.
Adams, C.R., 1997: Impacts of Temperature Extremes: Workshop on the Social and Economic Impacts of Weather. 2–4 April 1997, Boulder, CO. Economic and Social Impacts Group, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO, USA.
Adger, W.N., 1999: Social vulnerability to climate change and extremes in coastal Vietnam. World Development, 27(2), 249–269.
Akbari, H., S. Konopacki, and M. Pomerantz, 1999: Cooling energy savings potential of reflective roofs for residential and commercial buildings in the United States. Energy, 24, 391–407.
Albergel, J. and H. Dacosta, 1996: Les Ecoulements Non Perennes sur les Petits Bassins du Senegal. In: Hydrologie Tropicale: Geoscience et Outil pour le Developpement [Chevallier, P. and B. Pouyard (eds.)]. Publication 238, International Association of Hydrologic Sciences/Association Internationale des Sciences Hydrologiques, Wellngford, UK, 436 pp.
Al-Rabghi, O.M., M.H. Al-Beirutty, and K.A. Fathalah, 1999: Estimation and measurement of electric energy consumption due to air conditioning cooling load. Energy Conversion and Management, 40, 1527–1542.
Amano, A., 1996: Energy price change and energy intensity. Nihon Keizai Kenkyu, 30(7), 184–1990 (in Japanese.)
Angioletti, R., 1996: Vingt-quatre criteres pour concevoir et construire un batiment dans un logique de developpement durable. Cahiers du Centre Scientifique et Technique du Batiment, 366, 29 (in French).
Arnell, N.W., 1998: Climate change and water resources in Britain. Climatic Change, 39, 83–110.
Avissar, R., 1998: Potential effects of vegetation on the urban thermal environment. Atmospheric Environment, 30(3), 437–448.
Balarus, C.A., K. Droutsa, A.A. Argiriou, and D.N. Asimakopoulos, 2000: Potential for energy conservation in apartment buildings. Energy and Buildings, 31, 143–154.
Barnes, D.F., J. Dowd, L. Qian, K. Krutilla, and W. Hyde, 1998: Urban Energy Transitions, Poverty, and the Environment: Understanding the Role of the Urban Household Energy in Developing Countries. ESMAP, The World Bank, Washington, DC.
Bartone, C., 1998: Urban environmental management strategies and action plans in São Paulo and Kumasi. In: Environmental Strategies for Sustainable Development in Urban Areas: Lessons from Africa and Latin America [Fernandes, E. (ed.)]. Ashgate, Aldershot, United Kingdom, pp. 83–97.
Belzer, D.B., M.J. Scott, and R.D. Sands, 1996: Climate change impacts on U.S. commercial building energy consumption: an analysis using sample survey data. Energy Sources, 18(2), 177–201.
Boko, M., 1994: Housing and water pollution in urban areas of south Benin (West Africa): a case study of lack of environmental education. In: Integrated Land and Water Management: Challenges and New Opportunities. Proceedings of the Fourth Stockholm Water Symposium (9–13 August, 1994). Publication No. 4, Stockholm International Water Institute, Stockholm, Sweden, pp. 153–162.
Boko, M., 1993: Geomorphology, rainfall pattern, human settlements and water pollution in the rural areas of the coastal plain of Benin (West Africa). In: Proceedings of the Third International Water Symposium, Stockholm, Sweden. Stockholm International Water Institute, Stockholm, Sweden, pp. 409–416.
Boko, M., 1991: Valuation and forecast of climatic risks in hydroagricultural settlements management: methodological aspects; international seminar on climatic fluctuations and water management, Cairo, 1989. Water Resources Development, 7(1), 60–63.
Boland, J.J., 1997: Assessing urban water use and the role of water conservation measures under climate uncertainty. Climatic Change, 37, 157–167.
Brown, R.A. and N.J. Rosenberg, 1996: The potential for biomass energy production in the Missouri-Iowa-Nebraska-Kansas (MINK) region. In: Proceedings of the 1995 Society of American Foresters Convention, Octover 28–November 1, 1995, Portland, ME. Society of American Foresters, Bethesda, MD, USA, pp. 204–209.
Brown, R.A., N.J. Rosenberg,, W.E. Easterling III, and C. Hays, 1998: Potential Production of Switchgrass and Traditional Crops under Current and Greenhouse-Altered Climate in the “MINK” Region of the Central United States. Report to Texas A&M Under Subcontract 22023. PNWD-2432, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA, 71 pp.
Cairncross, S., 1990: Water supply and the urban poor. In: The Poor Die Young: Housing and Health in Third World Cities [Cairncross, S., J. Hardoy, and D. Satterthwaite(eds.)]. Earthscan Publications, London, United Kingdom, pp. 109–126.
Chan, K.T and W.K. Chow, 1998: Energy impact of commercial -building envelopes in the sub-tropical climate. Applied Energy, 60, 21–39.
Changnon, S.A., 2000: Impacts of hail in the United States. In: Storms, Vol. II [Pielke Jr., R.A. and R.A. Pielke Sr. (eds.)]. Routledge, London, United Kingdom, , pp. 163–191.
Changnon, S.A., 1996a: Effects of summer precipitation on urban transportation. Climatic Change, 32(4), 481–494.
Changnon, S.A. (ed.), 1996b: The Great Flood of 1993: Causes, Impacts, Responses. Westview Press, Boulder, CO, USA, 321 pp.
Changnon, S.A., 1992: Inadvertent weather modification in urban areas: lessons for global climate change. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Association, 73, 6619–6627.
Changnon, S.A. and M. Demissie, 1996: Detection of changes in streamflow and floods resulting from climate fluctuations and land use-drainage changes. Climatic Change, 32, 411–421.
Changnon, S.A. and M.H. Glantz, 1996: The Great Lakes diversion at Chicago and its implications for climate change. Climatic Change, 32, 199–214.
Changnon, S., R.A. Pielke Jr., D. Changnon, R.T. Sylves, and R.Pulwarty, 2000: Human factors explain the increased losses from weather and climate extremes. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, 81, 437–442.
Charlot-Valdieu, C. and P. Outrequin, 1999: La ville et le developpement durable. Cahiers du CSTB, 3, 35 pp.
Chestnut, L.G., W.S. Breffle, J.B. Smith, and L.S. Kalkstein, 1998: Analysis of differences in hot-weather-related mortality across 44 U.S. metropolitan areas. Environmental Science and Policy, 59, 59–78.
China Country Study Team, 1999: China Climate Change Country Study. Research Team of China Climate Change Country Study, Bejing, China.
Choudhury, S.H.M., 1998: Report on the Bangladesh Flood 1998: Chronology, Damages, Reponse. Management Information and Monitoring (MIM) Division, Disaster Management Bureau, Government of Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
Cohen, S.J. (ed.), 1997: Mackenzie Basin Impact Study Final Report. Environment Canada, Downsview, ON, Canada, 372 pp.
Colwell, R.R., 1996: Global climate and infectious disease: the cholera paradigm. Science, 274, 2025–2031.
Connolly, P., 1999: Mexico City: our common future? Environment and Urbanization, 11(1), 53–78.
Daniere, A., 1996: Growth, inequality, and poverty in southeast Asia: the case of Thailand. Third World Planning Review,
18(4), 373–395.
De, U.S. and R.K. Mukhopadhyay, 1998: Severe heat wave over the Indian subcontinent in 1998: perspective of global climate. Current Science, 75(12), 1308–1311.
Devas, N. and C. Rakodi, 1993: The urban challenge. In: Managing Fast-Growing Cities [Devas, N. and C. Rakodi (eds.)]. Longman Group, Essex, United Kingdom, and John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York, NY, USA, 387 pp.
Dockery, D.W., C.A. Pope, X. Xu, J.D. Spangler, J.H. Ware, M.E. Fay, B.G. Ferris, and F.E. Speizer, 1993: An association between air pollution and mortality in six U.S. cities. New England Journal of Medicine, 329(4), 1753–1759.
Dorland, C., R.S.J. Tol, and J.P. Palutikof, 1999: Vulnerability of the Netherlands and northwest Europe to storm damage under climate change: a model approach based on storm damage in the Netherlands. Climatic Change, 43, 513–535.
Douguédroit, A., 1997: On relationships between climate variability and change and societies. In: Climate and Societies: A Climatological Perspective [Yoshino, M., M. Domrös, A. Douguédroit, J. Paszynski, and L.C. Nkemdim (eds.)]. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dortrecht, The Netherlands, pp. 21–41.
Douguédroit, A., J.-P. Marchand, M.F. de Saintignon, and A. Vidal, 1997: Impacts of climate variability on human activities. In: Climate and Societies: A Climatological Perspective [Yoshino, M., M. Domrös, A. Douguédroit, J. Paszynski, and L.C. Nkemdim (eds.)]. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dortrecht, The Netherlands, pp. 119–150.
Du, M., M. Yoshino, Y. Fujita, S. Arizono, T. Maki, and J. Lei, 1996: Climate change and agricultural activities in the Taklimakan Desert, China, in recent years. Journal of Arid Land Studies, 5(2), 173–183.
Duncan, K., T. Guidotti, W. Chung,, K. Naidoo, G. Gibson, L. Kalkstein, S. Sheridan, D. Walter-Toews, S. MacEachern, and J. Last, 1999: Health Sector. Canada Country Study: Climate Impacts and Adaptation, Volume VII [Koshida, G. and W. Avis (eds.)]. Environment Canada, Downsview, ON, Canada, pp. 501–590.
ECLAC, 2000: The equity gap: a second look. In: Proceedings of the Second Regional Conference in Follow-up to the World Summit for Social Development, Santiago, Chile, 15–17 May, 2000 [Deampo, J.A. and R. Franco (eds.)]. United Nations Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean, Santiago, Chile, 303 pp. (in Spanish and English).
ECLAC, 1994: Social Panorama of Latin America, 1994. United Nations Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean, Santiago, Chile.
EEPSEA, 2000: The Indonesian Fires and Haze of 1997: The Economic Toll and the World Wide Fund for Nature. Economy and Environment Program for SE Asia, World Wildlife Fund, International Development Research Centre, Ottawa, Canada, 9 pp. Available via e-mail at info@idrc.ca.
EIA, 1999a: Country Analysis Briefs: North America. U.S. Department of Energy, Energy Information Administration, Washington, DC, USA. Available online at http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/cabs/special.html.
EIA, 1999b: Energy in Africa. In: Country Analysis Briefs: Special Topics. U.S. Department of Energy, Energy Information Administration, Washington, DC, USA, 44 pp. Available online at http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/cabs/special.html.
EIA, 1999c: Energy in the Americas. In: Country Analysis Briefs. U.S. Department of Energy, Energy Information Administration, Washington, DC, USA, 50 pp. Available online at http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/cabs/special.html.
EIA, 1998: International Energy Outlook. DOE/EIA-0484(98), U.S. Department of Energy, Energy Information Administration, Washington, DC, USA, 217 pp.
El-Raey, M., 1997: Vulnerability assessment of the coastal zone of the Nile Delta of Egypt, to the impacts of sea level rise. Ocean and Coastal Management, 37(1), 29–40.
Epstein, P.R., H.F. Diaz, S. Eleas, G. Grabherr, N.E. Graham, W.J.M. Martens, E. Mosely-Thompson, and J. Suskind, 1998: Biological and physical signs of of climate change focus on mosquito-borne disease. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, 78, 409–417.
Evans, S.G. and J.G. Clague, 1997: The impact of climate change on catastrophic geomorphic processes in the mountains of British Columbia, Yukon, and Alberta. In: Responding to Global Climate Change in British Columbia and Yukon. Canada Country Study: Climate Impacts and Adaptation, Volume I [Taylor, E. and B. Taylor (eds.)]. Environment Canada, Toronto, ON, Canada, 363 pp.
Fankhauser, S., R.S.J. Tol, and D.W. Pearce, 1998: Extensions and alternative to climate change impact valuation: on the critique of IPCC Working Group III’s impact estimates. Environment and Development Economics, 3(1), 59–81.
FAO, 1999: The State of Food Insecurity in the World, 1999. Food and Agriculture Organization, Rome, Italy, 35 pp.
FEMA, 2000: Mitigation Programs and Activities: Implementing Regulations at U.S. Code of Federal Regulations 44 CFR 206.430. Federal Emergency Management Agency, Washington, DC, USA. Available online at
http://www.fema.gov/mit/program.htm.
FEMA, 1997: Report on the Cost and Benefits of Natural Disaster Mitigation. Federal Emergency Management Agency, Washington, DC, USA, 57 pp.
Foronda, M.E., 1998: Chimbote’s Local Agenda 21: Initiatives to Support Its Development and Implementation. Environment and Urbanization, 10(2), 129–147.
Fowler, A.M. and K.J. Hennessy, 1995: Potential impacts of global warming on the frequency and magnitude of heavy precipitation. Natural Hazards, 11, 283–303.
Frederick, K.D., 1997: Adapting to climate impacts on the supply and demand for water. Climatic Change, 37, 141–156.
Fukuma, Y., 1999/2000: Comparison among countries of countermeasures against tropical cyclone disasters and evaluation methods. Global Environment Research, 3(1), 59–67.
Fukuma, Y., 1996: Effectiveness of prevention measures against typhoons in Wakayama Prefecture based on calibrated wind speed data. Journal of Meteorological Research, 48(3), 103–110 (in Japanese with English abstract).
Gardette, J.M., 1997: Insurability of river floods? Legal comparison between France and Germany. Zeitschrift für die Gesamit Versicherungswissenschaf, 86, 211–232.
Gavidia, J., 1994: Housing and land in large cities of Latin America. In: Enhancing the Management of Metropolitan Living Environments in Latin America. United Nations Centre for Regional Development, Nagoya, Japan, pp. 19–27.
Georgakakos, A.P., H. Yao, M.G. Mullusky, and K.P. Georgakakos, 1998: Impacts of climate variability on the operational forecast and management of the upper Des Moines River basin. Water Resources Research, 34(4), 799–821.
Gilbert, R., D. Stevenson, H. Girardet, and R. Stren, 1996: Pour des Villes Durables, le Rôle des Autorités Locales dans L’environnement Urbain (For Sustainable Towns, the Role of Local Authorities in the Urban Environment). La Fédération mondiale des Cités unies, Paris, France, 154 pp. (in French).
Glass, G.E., J.E. Cheek, J.A. Patz, T.M. Shields, T.J. Doyle, D.A. Thoroughman, D.K. Hunt, R.E. Enscore, K.L. Gage, C. Irland, C.J. Peters, and R. Bryan, 2000: Using remotely sensed data to identify areas at risk for hantavirus pulmonary syndrome. Emerging Infectious Disease, 6(3), 238–247.
Gleick, P.H., 2000: Water: The Potential Consequences of Climate Variability and Change for the Water Resources of the United States. Report of the Water Sector Assessment Team of the National Assessment of the Potential Consequences of Climate Variability and Change. Pacific Institute for Studies in Development, Environment, and Security, San Francisco, CA, USA, 151 pp.
Gooneratne, N.V., 1998: Why does Colombo City get flooded? In: Volume I: Proceedings of the Workshop on the Role of R&D Institutions in Natural Disaster Management, Colombo, Sri Lanka, 10–11 September, 1998. pp. 6-1 to 6-7.
Gugler, J., 1988: Overurbanization reconsidered. In: Urbanization of the Third World [Gugler, J. (ed.)]. Oxford University Press, Oxford, United Kingdom, pp. 74–92.
Hardoy, J.E., D. Mitlin, and D. Satterthwaite, 2000: Environmental Problems in an Urbanizing World: Local Solutions for City Problems in Africa, Asia, and Latin America. Earthscan Publications, London, United Kingdom, 442 pp.
Harrison, S.J., C. Sheppard, and S.J. Winterbottom, 1999: The potential effects of climate change on the Scottish tourist industry. Tourism Management, 20, 203–211.
Hattori, T.O. Kadota, and N. Watanabe, 1991: Analysis and prospect of tight power demand in summer season. Energy Keizai,
17(4), 16–22 (in Japanese).
Haughton, G., 1999: Information and participation within environmental management. Environment and Urbanization, 11(2), 51–62.
Hennessy, K.J., J.M. Gregory, and J.F.B. Mitchell, 1997: Changes in daily precipitation under enhanced greenhouse conditions. Climate Dynamics, 13, 667–680.
Herrington, R., B. Johnson, and F. Hunter, 1997: Responding to Global Climate Change in the Prairies. Canada Country Study: Climate Impacts and Adaptation, Volume III [Taylor, E. and B. Taylor (eds.)]. Environment Canada, Downsview, ON, Canada, 270 pp.
Hirsch, K., 1999: Canada’s Wildland Urban Interface: Challenges and Solutions [Atlack, I. (ed.)]. Bombadier Aerospace, Montreal, Canada, pp. 2–5.
Huang, J.C.K., 1997: Climate change and integrated coastal management: a challenge for small island states. Ocean and Coastal Management, 37(1), 95–107.
Ichinose, T., 1996: Analyses on Energy Consumption in Urban Area and Urban Thermal Environment Based on Very Precise Digital Land Use Data Set. Diss. University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan, 247 pp. (in Japanese).
ICLEI, 1995: Limiting Automobile Use Through Integrated Transportation Demand Management: Republic of Singapore, Case Study No. 38. International Council for Local Environmental Initiatives, Toronto, ON, Canada, 35 pp.
Institute of Land Development and Regional Economy, 1998: Report on Population, Resources and Environment of China. Institute of Land Development and Regional Economy, State Planning Committee, Chinese Environmental Science Press, Beijing, China, 142 pp. (in Chinese).
IPCC, 1998: The Regional Impacts of Climate Change: An Assessment of Vulnerability. Special Report of IPCC Working Group II [Watson, R.T., M.C. Zinyowera, and R.H. Moss (eds.)]. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA, 517 pp.
IPCC, 1996: Climate Change 1995: Impacts, Adaptations, and Mitigation of Climate Change: Scientific-Technical Analyses. Contribution of Working Group II to the Second Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [Watson, R.T., M.C. Zinyowera, and R.H. Moss (eds.)]. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA, 880 pp.
Jaglin, S., 1994: Why mobilize town dwellers? Joint management in Ouagadougou (1983–1990). Environment and Urbanization,
6(2), 113–114.
Jáuregui, E., 1998: Long-term effects of urbanization on the thermal climate of two megacities and impact on space energy demand. In: Book of Abstracts International Symposium on Human Biometrorology, Fuji-Yoshida, Yamanashi, Japan, 31 August–2 September [Shibata, M., M. Iriki, K. Kanosue, and Y. Inaba (eds.)]. Yamashi Institute of Environmental Science, Yamashi, Japan, p. 10.
Jáuregui, E., 1997: Climates of tropical and subtropical cities. In: Climate and Societies: A Climatological Perspective [Yoshino, M., M. Domrös, A. Douguédroit, J. Paszynski, and L.C. Nkemdim (eds.)]. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dortrecht, The Netherlands, pp. 361–373.
Jáuregui, E. and E. Luyando, 1999: Global radiation attenuation by air pollution and its effects on the therrnal climate in Mexico City region. International Journal of Climatology, 19, 683–694.
Katupotha, J., 1994: Landslides in Sri Lanka in the 21st century. In: Proceedings of the National Symposium on Landslides in Sri Lanka, Colombo, Sri Lanka, March 1994. National Building Research Organization, Ministry of Housing, Construction, and Urban Development, Colombo, Sri Lanka, pp. 161–168.
Kerry, M., G. Kelk, D. Etkin, I. Burton, and S. Kalhok, 1999: Glazed over: Canada copes with the ice storm of 1998. In: A Report from the Adaptation Learning Experiment [Kerry, M., I. Burton, S. Kalhok, and G. Kelk (eds.)]. Environment Canada, Toronto, ON, Canada, pp. 51–58.
Kripowicz, R.S., 1998: Statement of Robert S. Kripowicz, Acting Assistant Secretary for Fossil Energy, U.S. Department of Energy, Before the Subcommittee on Energy and Environment Committee on Science, U.S. House of Representatives, September 15, 1998 [S. 1418, The Methane Hydrate Research and Development Act]. Congressional Record, Washington, DC, USA, 6 pp.
Kumagai, H., 1996: Concept of “sustainable and regional agriculture” in Japan. In: Geographical Perspectives on Sustainable Rural Systems [Sasaki, H., T. Morimoto, I. Saito, and A. Tabayashi (eds.)]. Kaisei Publications, Tokyo, Japan, pp. 36–43.
Lam, J.C., 2000: Energy analysis of commercial buildings in subtropical climates. Building and Environment, 35, 19–26.
Lam, J.C., 1999: Climatic influences on the energy performance of air-conditioned buildings. Energy Conversion and Management, 40, 39–49.
Landsea, C.W., N. Nicholls, W.M. Gray, and L.A. Avila, 1996: Downward trends in the frequency of intense Atlantic hurricanes during the past five decades. Geophysical Research Letters, 23, 1697–1700.
Leach, G. and R. Mearns, 1989: Beyond the Woodfuel Crisis—People, Land and Trees in Africa. Earthscan Publications, London, United Kingdom, 309 pp.
Le Treut, H., 1997: Climate of the future: an evaluation of the current uncertainties. In: Climate and Societies: A Climatological Perspective [Yoshino, M., M. Domrös, A. Douguédroit, J. Paszynski, and L.C. Nkemdim (eds.)]. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dortrecht, The Netherlands, pp. 99–117.
Lettenmaier, D.P., A.E. Keizur, R.N. Palmer, A.W. Wood, and S.M. Fisher, 1998: Water Management Implications of Global Warming: 2. The Boston Water Supply System. Institute for Water Resources, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Fort Belvoir, VA, USA.
Lewis, N., M. Hamnett, U. Prasad, L. Tran, and A. Hilton, 1998: Climate, ENSO, and health in the Pacific: research in progress. Pacific Health Dialog, 5(1), 187–190.
Liu, S.K., 1997: Using coastal models to estimate effects of sea level rise. Ocean and Coastal Management, 37(1), 85–94.
Magaña, V. (ed.), 1999: The Impacts of El Niño in Mexico. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht The Netherlands, p. 207.(in Spanish)
Maki, T., M. Du, and B. Pan, 1997a: Desertification of agricultural land, arid climate, crop growth and prevention of sand movement in Xinjiang of Northwest China. Journal of Arid Land Studies, 7(2), 273–276.
Maki, T., M. Du, R. Sameshima, and B. Pan, 1997b: Sand dune movement in Xinjiang of Northwest China and prevention of desertification by wind break acilities in arid lands. Journal of Agricultural Meteorology, 52(5), 633–636.
Matsuura, T., M. Yumoto, S. Iizuka, and R. Kawamura, 1999: Typhoon and ENSO simulation using a high-revolution coupled GCM. Geophysical Research Letters, 26(12), 1755–1758.
McGranahan, G. and D. Satterthwaite, 2000: Environmental health or sustainability? Reconciling the brown and green agendas in urban development. In: Sustainable Cities in Developing Countries [Pugh, C. (ed.)]. Earthscan Publications, London United Kingdom, pp. 73–90.
Meehl, G.A., 1996: Vulnerability of freshwater resources to climate change in the tropical Pacific region. Water, Air, and Soil Pollution, 92, 203–213.
Mendelsohn, R. and J. Neumann (eds.), 1998: The Economic Impact of Climate Change on the United States Economy. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA, 320 pp.
Mendelsohn, R. and M.E. Schlesinger, 1999: Climate response functions. Ambio, 28(4), 362–366.
Meltzoff, S.K., K. Broad, and C.M. Farias, 1997: ENSO and Chilean fisheries: a case study in social complexity. The ENSO Signal, 6, 4–8. Available online at at http://www.ogp.noaa.gov/library/ensosig6.htm.
Mexico City Ministry of the Environment, 2000: Bimonthly Report on Mexico City’s Air Quality. Office of the Prevention and Control of Air Pollution, Mexico City Ministry of the Environment, Mexico City, Mexico.
Meze-Hausken, E., 2000: Migration caused by climate change: how vulnerable are people in dryland areas? A case study of northern Ethiopia. Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies of Global Change, 5(4), 379–406.
Miller, A., S. Gautam, and G.H. Wolff, 2000: What’s Fair? Consumers and Climate Change. Redefining Progress. San Francisco, CA, USA, 67 pp.
Miller, K.A., 2000: Managing supply variability: the use of water banks in the western United States. In: Drought [Wilhite, D.A. (ed.)]. Routledge, London, United Kingdom, Vol. II, pp. 70–86.
Mimura, N. and H. Harasawa (eds.), 2000: Data Book of Sea-Level Rise 2000. Center for Global Environmental Research, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Japan, 128 pp.
Mimura, N., T. Ichinose, H. Kato, J. Tsutsui, and K. Sakaki, 1998: Impacts on infrastructure and socio-economic system. In: Global Warming: The Potential Impact on Japan [Nishioka, S. and H. Harasawa (eds.)]. Springer-Verlag, Tokyo, Japan, pp. 165–201.
Ministry of Commerce of New Zealand, 1998: Inquiry into the Auckland Power Supply Failure. Ministry of Commerce of New Zealand, Wellington, New Zealand, 193 pp.
Minnery, J.R. and D.I. Smith, 1996: Climatic change, flooding, and urban infrastructure. In: Greenhouse: Coping with Climate Change [Bouma, W.J., M.R. Manning, and G.I. Pearman (eds.)]. Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation Publishing, Melbourne, Australia, pp. 235–247.
Miranda, L. and M. Hordijk, 1998: Let us build cities for life: the national campaign of local agenda 21s in Peru. Environment and Urbanization, 10(2), 69–102.
Morris, R.E., P.D. Guthrie, and C.A. Knopes, 1995: Photochemical analysis under global warming conditions. In: Proceedings of the 88th Air and Waste Management Association Annual Meeting, June 18–23, 1995, San Antonio, Texas. Air and Waste Management Association, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
Morris, R.E., M.W. Gery, M.-K. Liu, G.E. Moore, C. Daly, and S.M. Greenfield, 1989: Sensitivity of a regional oxidant model to variations in climate parameters. In: The Potential Effects of Global Climate Change on the United States, Appendix F: Air Quality [Smith, J.B. and D.A. Tirpak (eds.)]. EPA-230-05-89-056, Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC, USA.
Moss, R., and S.H. Schneider, 2000: Uncertainties in the IPCC TAR: recommendations to lead authors for a more consistent assessment and reporting. In: Guidance Papers on the Cross Cutting Iissues of the Third Assessment Report of the IPCC [Pachauri, R., T. Taniguchi, and K. Tanaka (eds.)]. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, Geneva, Switzerland, pp. 33–51.
Munasinghe, M., 2000: Development, equity and sustainability (DES) and climate change. In: Guidance Papers on the Cross Cutting Issues of the Third Assessment Report of the IPCC [Pachauri, R., T. Taniguchi, and K. Tanaka (eds.)]. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, Geneva, Switzerland, pp. 69–110.
National Research Council, 1995: Mexico City’s Water Supply: Improving the Outlook for Sustainability. Academía de la Investigación Científica, Academía Nacional de Ingeniería, National Academy Press, Washington, DC, USA, 256 pp.
National Research Council, 1993: Managing Wastewater in Coastal Urban Areas. Committee on Wastewater Management for Coastal Urban Areas, National Academy Press, Washington, DC, USA, 496 pp.
Nellis, M.D., 1996: The sustainability of agricultural systems: geographic perspectives. In: Geographical Perspectives on Sustainable Rural Systems [Sasaki, H., I. Saito, A. Tabayashi, and T. Morimoto (eds.)]. Kaisei Publications, Tokyo, Japan, pp. 7–13.
Nicholls, R.J. and M.J. Hoozemans, 1996: The Mediterranean: vulnerability to coastal implications of climate change. Ocean and Coastal Management, 31, 105–132.
Nicholls, R.J. and N. Mimura, 1998: Regional issues raised by sea-level rise and their policy implications. Climate Research,
11(1), 5–18.
Nicholls, R.J., F.M.J. Hoozemans, and M. Marchand. 1999: Increasing flood risk and wetland losses due to global sea-level rise: regional and global analyses. Global Environmental Change, 9, S69–S87.
Parish, R. and D.C. Funnell, 1999: Climate change in mountain regions: some possible consequences in the Moroccan High Atlas. Climatic Change, 9(1), 15–58.
Peart, R.M., R.B. Curry, C. Rosenzweig, J.W. Jones, K.J. Boote, and L.H. Allen Jr., 1995: Energy and irrigation in south eastern U.S. agriculture under climate change. Journal of Biogeography, 22, 635–642.
Penner, J.E., P.S. Connell, D.J. Wuebbles, and C.C. Covey, 1989: Climate change and its interaction with air chemistry: perspectives and research needs. In: The Potential Effects of Global Climate Change on the United States, Appendix F: Air Quality [Smith, J.B. and D.A. Tirpak (eds.)]. EPA-230-05-89-056, Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC, USA.
Penning-Powswell, E.G., J. Handmer, and S. Tapsell, 1996: Extreme events and climate change: floods. In: Climatic Change and Extreme Events [Downing, T.E., A.A. Olsthoorn, and R.S.J. Tol (eds.)]. Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, pp. 97–127.
Perlman, J., 1998: Towards sustainable megacities in Latin America and Africa. In: Environmental Strategies for Sustainable Development in Urban Areas: Lessons from Africa and Latin America [Fernandes, E. (ed.)]. Ashgate, Aldershot, United Kingdom, pp. 109–135.
Phelps, P., 1996: Conference on Human Health and Climate Change: Summary of the Proceeding. National Academy Press, Washington, DC, 64 pp.
Piel, C., I. Perez, and T. Maytraud, 1998: Trois exemples d’espaces temporairement inondables in milieu urbain dense: une application du developpement durable. Nouvelles Technologies en Assainissement Pluvial, 4 (in French).
Pielke, R.A. Jr., 1997: Trends in hurricane impacts in the United States. In: Report of Workshop on the Social and Economic Impacts of Weather, 2-4 April, 1997, Boulder, CO. Environmental and Societal Impacts Group, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO, USA. Available online at http://www.esig.ucar.edu/socasp/weather1/index.html.
Pielke, R.A. Jr., 1996: Midwest Flood of 1993: Weather, Climate, and Societal Impacts. Environmental and Societal Impacts Group, National Center for Atmospheric Research, 159 pp.
Pielke, R.A. Jr. and C.W. Landsea, 1998: Normalized hurricane damages in the United States: 1925–95. Weather and Forecasting, 13, 621–631.
Pope, C.A. III, M.J. Thun, M.M. Namboordiri, D.W. Dockery, J.S. Evans, F.E. Speizer, and C.W. Heath,, 1995: Particulate air pollution as a predictor of mortality in a prospective study of U.S. adults. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, 151(3), 669–674.
Priscoli, J.D., 1998: Water and civilization: using history to reframe water policy debates and to build a new ecological realism. Water Policy, 1, 623–636.
Qualley, W., 1997: Impact of Weather on and Use of Weather Information by Commercial Airline Operations. Workshop on the Social and Economic Impacts of Weather, 2–4 April, 1997, Boulder, CO. National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO, USA.
Quattrochi, D.A., 1996: Cities as urban ecosystems. In: Proceedings of the Pecora 13 Symposium, 20-22 August 1996, Sioux Falls, South Dakota. APRS, Bethesda, MD, USA.
Rabinovitch, J., 1998: Global, rgional, and local perspectives towards sustainable urban and rural development. In: Environmental Strategies for Sustainable Development in Urban Areas: Lessons from Africa and Latin America [Fernandes, E. (ed.)]. Ashgate, Aldershot, United Kingdom, pp. 16–44.
Rahman, A., H.K. Lee, and M.A. Khan, 1997: Domestic water contamination in rapidly growing megacities of asia: case of Karachi, Pakistan. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 44(1–3), 339–360.
Ren, M., 1994: Relative sea-level rise in China and its socioeconomic implications. Marine Geodesy, 17, 37–44.
Ribot, J.C., 1993: Forestry policy and charcoal production in Senegal. Energy Policy, 21(5), 559–585.
Rosenberg, N.J. (ed.), 1993: Towards an Integrated Impact Assessment of Climate Change: The MINK Study. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, The Netherlands, 173 pp.
Rosenzweig, C. and W.D. Solecki (eds.), 2000: Climate Change and a Global City: The Metropolitan East Coast Regional Assessment. Columbia Earth Insitute, New York, NY, USA, 4 pp.
Rosquillas, A.H., 1998: Effects of El Niño in Tijuana, Mexico. Prevención, 21, 32–36.
Sailor, D.J., 1998: Simulations of annual degree day impacts of urban vegetative augmentation. Atmospheric Environment, 32(1), 43–52.
Sakamoto, H., 1996: Some experiences of sustainable agriculture in Japan. In: Geographical Perspectives on Sustainable Rural Systems [Sasaki, M., A. Tabayashi, and T. Morimoto (eds.)]. Kaisei Publications, Tokyo, Japan, pp. 203–209.
Samson, P.J., S.J. Augustine, and S. Sillman, 1989: Linkages between global climate warming and ambient air quality. In: Global Change Linkages: Acid Rain, Air Quality, and Stratospheric Ozone [White, J.C. (ed.)]. Elsevier, New York, NY, USA, 262 pp.
Sasaki, H., 1996: Struggle against urbanization of rice cultivation in Niigata Plain, Japan. In: Geographical Perspectives on Sustainable Rural Systems [Sasaki, M., A. Tabayashi, and T. Morimoto (eds.)]. Kaisei Publications, Tokyo, Japan, pp. 216–223.
Satterthwaite, D., 1997: Urban poverty: reconsidering its scale and nature. IDS Bulletin, 28(2), 9–23.
Schneider, S.H., 1997: Integrated assessment modeling of global climate change: transparent rational tool for policy making or opaque screen hiding value-laden assumptions? Environmental Modeling and Assessment, 2(4), 229–248.
Schneider, S.H., K. Kuntz-Duriseti, and C. Azar, 2000: Costing non-linearities, surprises, and irreversible events. Pacific and Asian Journal of Energy, 10(1), 81–106.
Shimizu, Y., 1993: Assessment of Global Warming on Water Demand and Water Resources Management. Proceedings of Earth Environmental Symposium. Japanese Society of Civil Engineers, Tokyo, Japan, pp. 246–253 (in Japanese with English summary).
Silas, J., 1992: Government-community partnerships in Kampung improvement programme in Surabaya. Environment and Urbanization, 4(2), 35–36.
Simon, D., 1996: Transport and Development in the Third World. Routledge, New York, NY, USA, 194 pp.
Smit, B. and J. Smithers, 1993: Sustainable agriculture: interpretations, analyses and prospects. Canadian Journal of Regional Science, 16(3), 499–524.
Smit, B., I. Burton, and R.J.T. Klein, 1998: The Science of Adaptation: A Framework for Assessment. Working Paper Prepared for IPCC Workshop on Adaptation to Climatic Variability and Change, Costa Rica, 29 March - 1 April 1998. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, Washington, DC, 15 pp.
Smith, D.I. and J.W. Handmer, 1996: Urban flooding in Australia: policy development and implementation. Disasters, 8(2), 105–117.
Smith, D.I., S. Schreider, A.J. Jakeman, A. Zerger, B.C. Bates, and S.P. Charles, 1999: Urban Flooding: Greenhouse-Induced Impacts, Methodology and Case Studies. Resource and Environmental Studies No. 17, Centre for Resource and Environmental Studies, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia, 68 pp.
Smith, J.B., 1996: Standardized estimates of climate change damages for the United States. Climatic Change, 32(3), 313–326.
Smith, J.B. and D.A. Tirpak (eds.), 1989: The Potential Effects of Global Climate Change on the United States. Report to Congress, United States Environmental Protection Agency, EPA-230–05–89–050, Washington, DC, USA, 409 pp.
Spronken-Smith, R. and T. Oke, 1998: The thermal regime of urban parks in two cities with different summer climates. International Journal of Remote Sensing, 19, 2085–2104.
Suman, D., 2001: Las reacciones del sector pesquero Chileno al fenómeno El Niño, 1997–98 (Reactions of the Chilean fishery sector to the El Niño phenomenon, 1997–98). In: “El Niño” en América Latina, sus Impactos Biológicos y Sociales. CONSYTEC, Lima, Peru, (in press).
Tabayashi, A., 1996: Sustainability of rice-growing communities in Central Japan. In: Geographical Perspectives on Sustainable Rural Systems [Sasaki, M., A. Tabayashi, and T. Morimoto (eds.)]. Kaisei Publications, Tokyo, Japan, pp. 224–240.
Tiffen, M. and M. Mortimore, 1992: Environment, population growth and productivity in Kenya: a case study of Machakos District. Development Policy Review, 10, 359–387.
Timmerman, P. and R. White, 1997: Megahydropolis: coastal cities in the context of global environmental change. Global Environmental Change, 7(3), 205–234.
Tindleni, V., 1998: The role of NGOs and CBOs in a sustainable development strategy for metropolitan Cape Town, South Africa. In: Environmental Strategies for Sustainable Development in Urban Areas: Lessons from Africa and Latin America [Fernandes, E. (ed.)]. Ashgate, Aldershot, United Kingdom, 45–61.
Titus, J.G. and V. Narayanan, 1995: The Probability of Sea Level Rise. EPA 230-R95-008, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC, USA, 186 pp.
Tol, R.S.J., 1998: Climate change and insurance: a critical appraisal. Energy Policy, 26(3), 257–262.
Topping, K., 1996: Mitigation from the ground up. Disaster Research, 197, 1.
Tucker, M., 1997: Climate change and the insurance industry: the cost of increased risk and the impetus for action. Ecological Economics, 22(2), 85–96.
Tweeten, L., 1995: The structure of agriculture: implications for soil and water conservation. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 50(4), 347–351.
United Nations, 2000: World Urbanization Prospects: The 1999 Revision. ESA/P/WP.161, Population Division, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, United Nations, New York, NY, USA.
UNCHS, 1999: Global Urban Indicators Database. United Nations Centre for Human Settlements (HABITAT), Oxford University Press, Oxford, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA. Available online at
http://www.urbanobservatory.org/indicators/database.
UNCHS, 1996: An Urbanizing World: Global Report on Human Settlements 1996. United Nations Centre for Human Settlements (HABITAT), Oxford University Press, Oxford, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA, 559 pp.
UNEP, 1992: Urban Air Pollution in Megacities of the World. United Nations Environment Programme and the World Health Organization, Blackwell Publishers, Oxford, United Kingdom, 230 pp.
UNEP, 1989: Implications of Climate Changes in the Wider Caribbean Region. CEP Technical Report No. 3. United Nations Environment Programme, Caribbean Environment Programme, Kingston, Jamaica, 17 pp.
Upmanis, H., I. Eliasson, and S. Lindqvist, 1998: The influence of green areas on nocturnal temperatures in a high latitude city. International Journal of Climatology, 18, 681–700.
Wall, G., 1998: Implications of global climate change for tourism and recreation in wetland areas. Climatic Change, 40(2), 371–389.
Walsh, K. and A.B. Pittock, 1998: Potential changes in tropical storms, hurricanes, and extreme rainfall events as a result of climate change. Climatic Change, 39, 199–213.
Weerakkody, U., 1997: Potential impact of accelerated sea-level rise on beaches of Sri Lanka. Journal of Coastal Research (Special Issue), 24, 225–242.
West, J.J. and H. Dowlatabadi, 1999: On assessing the economic impacts of sea-level rise on developed coasts. In: Climate Change and Risk [Downing, T.E., A.J. Olsthoorn, and R.S.J. Tol (eds.)]. Routledge, London, United Kingdom, pp. 205–220.
Wheeler, C., 2000: Counting the cost of the 1997 haze. In: Reports: Science from the Developing World. International Development Research Centre, Ottawa, ON, Canada, 4 pp. Available online at http://www.idrc.ca/reports/index.cfm.
Whetton, P.H., R. Galloway, and M.R. Haylock, 1996: Climate change and snow cover duration in the Australian Alps. Climatic Change, 32(4), 447–479.
WHO, 1992: Urban Health Problems. Report of the Panel on Urbanization, WHO Commission on Health and the Environment. World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland, 160 pp.
Wolf, A.T., 1998: Conflict and cooperation along international waterways. Water Policy, 1(2), 251–265.
Wong, J.C.Y., 1998: Content Coverage and Time-Space Pattern of Environmental News: Taiwan Area as Example, 1986–1995. Department of Geography, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, China, pp. 1–31 (in Chinese with English abstract).
Wong, P.P., 1998: Coastal tourism development in Southeast Asia: relevance and lessons for coastal zone management. Ocean and Coastal Management, 38, 89–109.
Wood, A.W., D.P. Lettenmaier, and R.N. Palmer, 1997: Assessing climate change implications for water resources planning. Climatic Change, 37, 203–228.
World Bank, 1999: World Development Report 1998/99: Knowledge for Development. The World Bank, Washington, DC, USA.
World Bank, 1994: World Development Report 1994: Infrastructure for Development. The World Bank, Washington, DC, USA.
WRI, 1999: Urban air: health effects of particulates, SO2, and O3. In: China’s Health and Environment: Air Pollution and Health Effects. World Resources Institute, Washington, DC, USA.
WRI, 1996: World Resources 1996–97. World Resources Institute, Oxford University Press, New York, NY, USA.
Yohe, G.W. and J. Neumann, 1997: Planning for sea-level rise and shore protection under climate uncertainty. Climatic Change,
37(1), 243–270.
Yohe, G.W., H. Ameden, P. Marshall, and J. Neumann, 1996: The economic cost of greenhouse-induced sea-level rise for developed property in the United States. Climatic Change, 32, 387–410.
Yoshino, M., 1998: Nature and human life in the Desert of Taklimakan. Journal of Arid Land Studies, 8(2), 85–94 (in Japanese with English abstract).
Yoshino, M., 1997a: Human activities and environmental change: a climatologist’s view. In: Climate and Societies: A Climatological Perspective [Yoshino, M., M. Domrös, A. Douguédroit, J. Paszynski, and L.C. Nkemdim (eds.)]. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dortrecht, The Netherlands, pp. 3–17.
Yoshino, M., 1997b: Agricultural land use and local climate. In: Climate and Societies: A Climatological Perspective [Yoshino, M., M. Domrös, A. Douguédroit, J. Paszynski, and L.C. Nkemdim (eds.)]. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dortrecht, The Netherlands, pp. 381–400.
Yoshino, M., 1997c: Desertification of China. Taimeido, Tokyo, Japan, 300 pp. (in Japanese).
Yoshino, M., 1996a: Decadal change of number of deaths and disasters caused by typhoons in Japan. INCEDE Report, 1, 113–121.
Yoshino, M., 1996b: Impacts of ENSO on agricultural production, meteorological disasters and phenology in Asia: some examples. In: Proceedings of the 28th International Geographical Congress, IGU, 5–7 August, 1996, The Hague, The Netherlands. pp. 97–110.
Yoshino, M., 1994: Urban systems in a large scale climate context. In: Report of the Technical Conference on Tropical Urban Climates, 28 March–2 April, 1993, Dhaka, Bangladesh. WCA SP-30, WMO/TD-No.647, 83–94.
Yoshino, M., K. Urushibara-Yoshino, and W. Suratman, 1997: ENSO and its impacts on agricultural production and population: an Indonesian example. In: Climate and Life in the Asia-Pacific [Sirinanda, K.U. (ed.)]. University of Brunei, Dar Es Salaam, Brunei, pp. 251–267.
Zeidler, R., 1997: Climate change vulnerability and response strategies for the coastal zone of Poland. Climatic Change, 36, 151–173.

height="1" vspace="12">

Other reports in this collection

IPCC Homepage


height="5">