REPORTS - ASSESSMENT REPORTS

Working Group II: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability


Other reports in this collection

References

ACIA, 2000: An assessment of consequences of climate variability and change and the effects of increased UV in the Arctic region. In: State of the Arctic Environment Report. Arctic Climate Impact Assessment, Oslo, Norway.
Adger, W.N., 1999a: Evolution of economy and environment: an application to land use in lowland Vietnam. Ecological Economics, 31, 365-379.
Adger, W.N., 1999b: Social vulnerability to climate change and extremes in coastal Vietnam. World Development, 27, 249-269.
Adger, W.N., 2000: Institutional adaptation to environmental risk under the transition in Vietnam. Annals of the Association of American Geographers, 90, 738-758.
Agee, E.M., 1991: Trends in cyclone and anticyclone frequency and comparison with periods of warming and cooling over the Northern Hemisphere. Journal of Climate, 4, 263-267.
Ageta, Y. and T. Kadota, 1992: Prediction of change of mass balance in the Nepal Himalayas and Tibetan Plateau: a case study of air temperature increase for three glaciers. Annals of Glaciology, 16, 89-94.
Aggarwal, P.K. and S.K. Sinha, 1993: Effect of probable increase in carbon dioxide and temperature on productivity of wheat in India. Journal of Agricultural Meteorology, 48(5), 811-814.
Aiba, S. and K. Kitayama, 1999: Species composition, structure and species diversity or rain forests in a matrix of altitude and substraites on Mt. Kinabalu, Borneo. Plant Ecology, 140, 139-157.
Akhtar, R. and A.J. McMichael, 1996: Rainfall and malaria outbreaks in western Rajasthan. Lancet, 348, 1457-1458.
Aksornkaoe, S. and N. Paphavasit, 1993: Effect of sea level rise on the mangrove ecosystem in Thailand. Malaysian Journal of Tropical Geography, 24(1-2), 29-34.
Alfiorov, A.M., V.N. Busarov, G.V. Menzulin, S.A. Pegov, V.S. Savenko, V.A. Smirnova, V.A. Smolina, and P.M. Khomiakov, 1998: Impact of Environmental and Climatic Global Changes on Russian Economy. Ministry of Science and Technology of Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia, 102 pp. (in Russian).
Ali, A., 1999: Climate change impacts and adaptation assessment in Bangladesh. Climate Research, CR Special 6, 12(2/3), 109-116.
Ali, S., 1985: The Fall of a Sparrow. Oxford University Press, New Delhi, India.
Allison, M.A., 1998: Geological framework and environmental status of the Ganges-Brahmaputra Delta. Journal of Coastal Research, 14(3), 794-825.
Ando, M., 1998: Risk assessment of global warming on human health. Global Environmental Research, 2, 69-78.
Ando, M., K. Tamura, S. Yamamoto, C.K. Liang, Y.P. Wu, J.P. Zhang, Z.C. Mao, M.M Yang, and A.L. Chen, 1996: Outline of health effects of global climate change. Journal of Epidemiology, 6, 141-144.
Anisimov, O.A., 1999: Impact of climate change on heating and air-conditioning. Meteorology and Hydrology, 6, 10-17 (in Russian).
Anisimov, O.A. and F.E. Nelson, 1997: Permafrost zonation and climate change in the Northern Hemisphere: results from transient general circulation models. Climatic Change, 35, 241-258.
Anisimov, O.A. and F.E. Nelson, 1996a: Permafrost distribution in the Northern Hemisphere under scenarios of Climatic Change. Global and Planetary Change, 14, 59-72.
Anisimov, O.A. and F.E. Nelson, 1996b: Permafrost and global warming: strategy of adaptation. In: Adapting to Climate Change: Assessments and Issues [Smith J., N. Bhatti, G. Menzhulin, R. Benioff, M.I. Budyko, M. Campos, B. Jallow, and F. Rijsberman (eds.)]. Springer-Verlag, New York, NY, USA, pp. 440-449.
Anokhin, Y.A. and Y.A. Izrael, 2000: Monitoring and assessment of the environment in the Lake Baikal region. Aquatic Ecosystem Health and Management, 3, 199-201.
Arnell, N.W., 1999: Climate change and global water resources. Global Environmental Change, 9, S51-S67.
Azam, J.P., 1996: The impact of floods on the adoption rate of high yielding rice varieties in Bangladesh. Agricultural Economics, 13, 179-189.
Balling, R.C. and S.E. Idso, 1990: Effects of greenhouse warming on maximum summer temperatures. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 53, 143-147.
Bandyopadhyay, M., 1993: Impact of rising sea levels along the Indian coastline. In: Global Warming: Concern for Tomorrow [Lal, M. (ed.)]. Tata McGraw-Hill Publishing Company Limited, New Delhi, India, pp. 153-66.
Bapat, N.N., 1992: A visit to the ‘flamingo city' in the Great Rann of Kutch, Gujarat. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society, 89, 366-367.
Barber, C.V. and J. Schweithelm, 2000: Trial by Fire: Forest Fire and Forestry Policy in Indonesia's Era of Crisis and Reform. World Resource Institute, Forest Frontiers, World Wide Fund for Nature(WWF)-Indonesia, Telapak Indonesia Foundation, 448 pp.
Bardin, M.Y., 1994: Parameters of cyclonicity at 500 mb in the Northern Hemisphere extratropics. In: Proceedings of XVIII Climate Diagnostic Workshop, Boulder, CO. National Technical Information Service (NTIS), U.S. Department of Commerce, Springfield, VA, USA, 397 pp.
Bayliss-Smith, T., 1991: Food security and agricultural sustainability in the New Guinea Highlands: vulnerable people, vulnerable places. IDS Bulletin, 22(3), 5-11.
Bhaskaran, B., J.F.B. Mitchell, M. Lal, and J. Lavery, 1995: Climatic response of Indian subcontinent to doubled CO2 concentration. International Journal of Climatology, 15, 873-892.
Bijlsma, L., C.N. Ehler, R.J.T. Klein, S.M. Kulshrestha, R.F. McLean, N. Mimura, R.J. Nicholls, L.A. Nurse, H. Pérez Nieto, E.Z. Stakhiv, R.K. Turner, and R.A. Warrick, 1996: Coastal zones and small islands. In: Climate Change 1995: Impacts, Adaptations, and Mitigation of Climate Change: Scientific-Technical Analyses. Contribution of Working Group II to the Second Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [Watson, R.T., M.C. Zinyowera, and R.H. Moss (eds.)]. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA, pp. 289-324.
Bird, E.C.F., 1993: Sea level rise impacts in Southeast Asia: an overview. Malaysian Journal of Tropical Geography, 24(1-2), 107-110.
Bird, E.C.F., 1992: The impacts of sea level rise on coral reefs and reef islands. In: Ocean Management in Global Change [Fabbri, P. (ed.)]. Elsevier, London, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA, pp. 90-107.
Blaikie, P., T. Cannon, I. Davis, and B. Wisner, 1994: At Risk: Natural Hazards, People's Vulnerability and Disasters. Routledge, London, United Kingdom, pp. 57-79.
Boer, G.J., G. Flato, C. Reader, and D. Ramsden, 1999: A transient climate change simulation with greenhouse gas and aerosol forcing: projected climate for the 21st century. Climate Dynamics, 16, 405-425.
Born, K., 1996: Tropospheric warming and changes in weather variability over the Northern Hemisphere for the period 1967-91 using two data sets. Meteorology and Atmospheric Physics, 59, 201-215.
Botch, M.S., K.I. Kobak, T.S. Vinson, and T.P. Kolchugina, 1995: Carbon pools and accumulation in peatlands of the former Soviet Union. Global Biogeochemical Cycles, 9, 37-46.
Bouchama, A., R.S. Parhar, A. El-Yazigi, K. Sheth, and S. Al-Sedairy, 1991: Endotoxemia and release of tumor necrosis factor and interleukin 1 alpha in acute heatstroke. Journal of Applied Physiology, 70(6), 2640-2644.
Bouchard, R.H., 1990: A climatology of very intense typhoons: or where have all the super typhoons gone? In: 1990 Annual Tropical Cyclone Report. Joint Typhoon Warning Center, Guam, pp. 266-269.
Bouma, M.J. and H.J. Van der Kaay, 1996: The El Niño-Southern Oscillation and the historic malaria epidemics on the Indian subcontinent and Sri Lanka: an early warning system for future epidemics? Tropical Medecine and International Health, 1, 86-96.
Bouma, M.J., H.E. Sondorp, and H.J. Van der Kaay, 1994: Climate change and periodic epidemic malaria. Lancet, 343, 1440.
Bower, B.T. and R.K. Turner, 1998: Characterising and analysing benefits from integrated coastal management. Ocean and Coastal Management, 38, 41-66.
Brammer, H., 1993: Geographical complexities of detailed impacts assessment for the Ganges-Brahmaputra-Meghna delta of Bangladesh. In: Climate and Sea Level Change: Observations, Projections and Implications [Warrick, R.A., E.M. Barrow, and T.M.L. Wigley (eds.)]. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA, 246-262.
Bray, F., 1986: The Rice Economies: Technology and Development in Asian Societies. Blackwell, Oxford, United Kingdom, 254 pp..
Budyko, M.I. and G.V. Menzhulin, 1996: Climate change impacts on agriculture and global food production: options for adaptive strategies. In: Adapting to Climate Change: Assessment and Issues [Smith J., R. Benioa, N. Bhatti, M.I. Budyko, M. Campos, B. Jallow, G. Menzhulin, and F. Rijsberman (eds.). Springer-Verlag, New York, NY, USA, pp. 188-203.
Burton, I., 1997: Vulnerability and adaptive response in the context of climate and climate change. Climatic Change, 36, 185-196.
CAFW, 1998: Comprehensive assessment of the freshwater resources of the world. In: Assessment of Water Resources and Water Availability in the World [Shiklomanov, I.A. (ed.)]. World Meterological Organization, Geneva, Switzerland, 88 pp.
Cesar, H., C.G. Lundin, S. Bettencourt, and J. Dixon, 1997: Indonesia coral reefs—an economic analysis of a precious but threatened resource. Ambio, 26, 345-350.
Chakraborty, B. and M. Lal, 1994: Monsoon climate and its change in a doubled CO2 atmosphere as simulated by CSIRO9 model. Terrestrial, Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, 5(4), 515-536.
Chan, J.C.L. and J. Shi, 1996: Long-term trends and interannual variability in tropical cyclone activity over the western North Pacific. Geophysical Research Letters, 23, 2765-2767.
Chandrapala, L. and T.K. Fernando, 1995: Climate variability in Sri Lanka—a study of air temperature, rainfall and thunder activity. In: Proceedings of the International Symposium on Climate and Life in the Asia-Pacific, University of Brunei, Darussalam, 10-13 April, 1995.
Chansang, H., 1993: Effect of sea level rise on coral reefs in Thailand. Malaysian Journal of Tropical Geography, 24(1-2), 21-28.
Chaudhari, Q.Z., 1994: Pakistan's summer monsoon rainfall associated with global and regional circulation features and its seasonal prediction. In: Proceedings of the International Conference on Monsoon Variability and Prediction, Trieste, Italy, May 9-13, 1994.
Chen, X.Q. and J.Y. Chen, 1998: A study of enclosure depth on the profiles of the Changjiang deltaic coast: on the fundamental problems associated with Bruun Rule and its application. Acta Geographica Sinica, 53(4), 323-331 (in Chinese with English abstract).
Chen, Y.Q. and X.Q. Shen, 1999: Changes in the biomass of the East China Sea ecosystem. In: Large Marine Ecosystems of the Pacific Rim: Assessment, Sustainability, and Management [Sherman, K. and Q.S. Tang (eds.)]. Blackwell Science, Oxford, United Kingdom, pp. 221-239.
Chua, T.-E., 1998: Lessons learned from practicing integrated coastal management in southeast Asia. Ambio, 27, 599-610.
CIA, 1998: The World Factbook. Central Intelligence Agency, Washington, DC, USA. Available online at http://www.odci.gov/cia/publications/factbook/index.html.
Clark, B. and P. Duncan, 1992: Asian wild asses—hemiones and kiangs. In: Zebra, Asses and Horses: An Action Plan for the Conservation of Wild Equids. The World Conservation Union (IUCN), Gland, Switzerland, pp. 17-22.
Coleman, J.M. and L.D. Wright, 1975: Modern river deltas: variability of processes and sand bodies. In: Deltas: Models for Exploration [Broussard, M.L. (ed.)]. Houston Geological Society, Houston, TX, USA, pp. 99-149.
Collins, M., 1999: The El-Niño Southern Oscillation in the second Hadley Centre coupled model and its response to greenhouse warming. Journal of Climate, 13, 1299-1312.
Colwell, R., 1996: Global climate and infectious disease: the cholera paradigm. Science, 274, 2025-2031.
Connell, J. and D. Conway, 2000: Migration and remittances in island microstates: a comparative perspective on the South Pacific and the Caribbean. International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, 24, 52-78.
Conway, D., K. Bhattarai, and N.R. Shrestha, 2000: Population-environment relations at the forested frontier of Nepal. Applied Geography, 20, 221-242.
Cubasch, U., G.C. Hegerl, and J. Waszkewitz, 1996: Prediction, detection and regional assessment of anthropogenic climate change. Geophysica, 32, 77-96.
Dai, X.S., 1997: Potential effects of climatic variation on geographical distribution of wheat in China. Quarterly Journal of Applied Meteorology, 8(1), 19-25.
Daily, G.C. (ed.) 1997: Nature's Services: Societal Dependence on Natural Ecosystems. Island Press, Washington, DC, USA, 412 pp.
Dixon, R.K, O.N. Krankina, and K.I. Kobak, 1996: Global climate change adaptation: examples from Russian boreal forests. In: Adapting to Climate Change: Assessments and Issues [Smith J., N. Bhatti, G. Menzhulin, R. Benioff, M.I. Budyko, M. Campos, B. Jallow, and F. Rijsberman (eds.)]. Springer-Verlag, New York, NY, USA, pp. 359-373.
Djoekardi, A.D., 1995: Urban land use planning policy in Indonesia. In: Proceedings of the International Workshop on Policy Measures for Changing Consumption Patterns, Seoul, Republic of Korea, Aug 30-Sep 1, 1995.
Dlugolecki, A.F., K.M. Clark, F. Knecht, D. McCauley, J.P. Palutikof, and W. Yambi, 1996: Financial services. In: Climate Change 1995: Impacts, Adaptations, and Mitigation of Climate Change: Scientific-Technical Analyses. Contribution of Working Group II to the Second Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [Watson, R.T., M.C. Zinyowera, and R.H. Moss (eds.)]. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA, pp. 536-560.
Dow, K., 1999: The extraordinary and the everyday in explanations on vulnerability to oil spill. Geographical Review, 89, 74-93.
Dyurgerov, M. and M. Meier, 1997: Mass balance of mountain and subpolar glaciers: a new global assessment for 1961-1990. Arctic and Alpine Research, 29, 379-391.
Easterling, W.E., 1996: Adapting North American agriculture to climate change: a review. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 80, 1-53.
Echeverria, P., C.W. Hoge, L. Bodhidatta, O. Serichantalergs, A. Dalsgaard, B. Eampokalap, J. Perrault, G. Pazzaglia, P. O'Hanley, and C. English, 1995: Molecular characterization of Vibrio cholerae 0139 isolates from Asia. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 52(2), 124-127.
Ehrenfeld, D., 1991: The management of biodiversity—a conservation paradox. In: Ecology, Economics, Ethics: The Broken Circle [Bormann, F.H. and S.R. Kellert (eds.)]. Yale University Press, New Haven, CT, USA, pp. 26-39.
Ellis, W.S., 1990: The Aral—a Soviet sea lies dying. National Geographic, 177(2), 73-92.
Epstein, P.R., 1992: Cholera and the environment. Lancet, 339, 1167-1168.
Epstein, P.R., A. Haines, and P. Reiter, 1998: Global warming and vector-borne disease. Lancet, 351, 1737-1738.
Epstein, Y., E. Sohar, and Y. Shapiro, 1995: Exceptional heatstroke: a preventable condition. Israel Journal of Medical Science, 31, 454-462.
ESD-CAS, 1994: Impact of Sea Level Rise on the Deltaic Regions of China and Its Mitigation. Earth Science Division, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Science Press, Beijing, China, 355 pp. (in Chinese).
Esrey, S.A., 1996: Water, waste, and well being: a multi-country study. American Journal of Epidemiology, 143(6), 608-623.
FAO, 1999a: Production Yearbook 1999. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome, Italy.
FAO, 1999b: The State of Food Insecurity in the World 1999. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome, Italy, 32 pp.
FAO, 1997: The State of World Fisheries and Aquaculture, Yearbook Vol. 84. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome, Italy, 57 pp.
FAO, 1996: World Food Survey—1996. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome, Italy.
Farnsworth, E.J. and A.M. Ellison, 1997: The global conservation status of mangroves. Ambio, 26(6), 328-334.
Field, C.B., J.G. Osborn, L.L. Hoffman, J.F. Polsenberg, D.D. Ackerley, J.A. Berry, O. Bjorkman, A. Held, P.A. Matson, and H.A. Mooney, 1998: Mangrove biodiversity and ecosystem function. Global Ecology and Biogeography Letters, 7, 3-14.
Fischer, G., K. Frohber, M. Parry, and C. Rosenzweig, 1996: Impacts of potential climate change on global and regional food production and vulnerability. In: Climate Change and World Food Security [Downing, T.E. (ed.)]. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Germany, pp. 115-159.
Fischer, G., K. Frohber, M. Parry, and C. Rosenzweig, 1995: Climate change and world food supply, demand, and trade. In: Climate Change and Agriculture: Analysis of Potential International Impacts [Rosenzweig, C., J.T. Ritchie, J.W. Jones, G.Y. Tsuji, and P. Hildebrand (eds.)]. ASA Special Publication No. 59, American Society of Agronomy, Madison, WI, USA, pp. 341-382.
Fryauff, D.J., E. Gomez-Saladin, Purnomo, I. Sumawinata, M.A. Sutamihardja, S. Tuti, B. Subianto, and T.L. Richie, 1997: Comparative performance of the Parasite F test for detection of plasmodium falciparum in malaria-immune and non-immune populations in Irian Jaya, Indonesia. Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 75(6), 547-552.
Fujimoto, N., T. Fukushima, Y. Inamori, and R. Sudo, 1995: Analytical evaluation of relationship between dominance of cyanobacteria and aquatic environmental factors in Japanese lakes. Water Environment, 18, 901-908 (in Japanese with English abstract).
Fukushima, T., N. Ozaki, H. Kaminishi, H. Harasawa, and K. Matsushige, 2000: Forecasting the changes in lake water quality in response to climate changes, using past relationships between meteorological conditions and water quality. Hydrological Processes, 14, 593-604.
Fushimi, H., 2000a: Influence of decreased snowfall due to warming climate trends on the water quality of Lake Biwa, Japan. In: A Threat to Life: The Impact of Climate Change on Japan's Biodiversity [Domoto, A., K. Iwatsuki, T. Kawamichi, and J. McNeely (eds.)]. Tsukiji-Shokan Publishing Company, Tokyo, Japan; The World Conservation Union (IUCN), Gland, Swizerland; and IUCN, Cambridge, United Kingdom, pp. 35-37.
Fushimi, H., 2000b: Recent changes in glacial phenomena in the Nepalese Himalayas. In: A Threat to Life: The Impact of Climate Change on Japan's Biodiversity [Domoto, A., K. Iwatsuki, T. Kawamichi, and J. McNeely (eds.)]. Tsukiji-Shokan Publishing Company, Tokyo, Japan; The World Conservation Union (IUCN), Gland, Swizerland; and IUCN, Cambridge, United Kingdom, pp. 42-45.
Gadgil, M., F. Berkes, and C. Folke, 1993: Indigineous knowledge for biodiversity conservation. Ambio, 22, 151-156.
Gadgil, S., 1995: Climate change and agriculture—an Indian perspective. Current Science, 69(8), 649-659.
Gamo, T., 1999: Global warming may have slowed down the deep conveyer belt of a marginal sea of the northwestern Pacific: Japan Sea. Geophysical Research Letters, 26(20), 3137-3140.
Garagulia, L.S. and E.D. Ershov (eds.), 2000: Geocryological Hazards, Vol. 1 of the Series Natural Hazards of Russia. Publishing House Kruk, Moscow, Russia, 315 pp. (in Russian).
Genton, B., F. Al-Yaman, M. Ginny, J. Taraika, and M.P. Alpers, 1998: Relation of anthropometry to malaria morbidity and immunity in Papua New Guinean children. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 68(3), 734-741.
Giorgi, F. and R. Francisco, 2000: Evaluating uncertainties in the prediction of regional climate. Geophysical Research Letters, 27(9), 1295-1298.
Glantz, M.H., 1996: Currents of Change: El Niño's Impact on Climate and Society. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom, 194 pp.
Glynn, P.W., 1996: Coral reef bleaching: facts, hypotheses and implications. Global Change Biology, 2, 495-509.
Golubtsov, V.V., V.I. Lee, and I.I. Scotselyas, 1996: Vulnerability assessment of the water resources of Kazakhstan to anthropogenic climate change and the structure of adaptation measures. Water Resource Development, 12, 193-208.
Graczyk, T.K. and B. Fried, 1998: Echiostomiasis: a common but forgotten food-borne disease. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 58(4), 501-504.
Green, J.B., 1990: IUCN Directory of South Asian Protected Areas. The World Conservation Union (IUCN), Gland, Switzerland.
Grove, R.H., V. Damodaran, and S. Sangwan, 1998: Nature and the Orient: the Environmental History of South and Southeast Asia. Oxford University Press, Oxford, United Kingdom.
Gruza, G. and E. Rankova, 1997: Indicators of Climate Change for the Russian Federation. In: Proceedings of Workshop on Indices and Indicators for Climate Extremes, Session on Regional Extremes and Indicators Russia/China, Ashville, North Carolina, June 3-6, 1997, pp. 1-20.
Gruza, G.V., L.K. Kletschenko, and L.N. Aristova, 1999: On relationships between climatic anomalies over the territory of Russia and ENSO event. Meteorology and Hydrology, 5, 26-45 (in Russian).
Gruza, G.V., E. Rankova, M. Bardin, L. Korvkina, E. Rocheva, E. Semenjuk, and T. Platova, 1997: Modern state of the global climate system. In: Global Changes of Environment and Climate: Collection of Selected Scientific Papers [Laverov, N.P. (ed.)]. Russian Academy of Sciences, The Federal Research Program of Russia, Moscow, Russia, pp. 194-216.
Gunawardena, D.M., A.R. Wickremasinghe, L. Muthuwatta, S. Weerasingha, J. Rajakaruna, T. Senanayaka, P.K. Kotta, N. Attanayake, R. Carter, and K.N. Mendis, 1998: Malaria risk factor in an endemic region of Sri Lanka, and the impact and cost implications of risk factor-based interventions. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 58(5), 533-542.
Hales, S., P. Weinstein, and A. Woodward, 1996: Dengue fever in the south Pacific: driven by El Niño-Southern Oscillation? Lancet, 348, 1664-1665.
Halsey, L.A., D.H. Vitt, and S.C. Zoltai, 1995: Disequilibrium response of permafrost in boreal continental western Canada to climate change. Climatic Change, 30(1), 57-73.
Hanaki, K., K. Takara, T. Hanazato, H. Hirakuchi, and H. Kayanne, 1998: Impacts on hydrology/water resources and water environment. In: Global Warming: The Potential Impact on Japan [Nishioka, S. and H. Harasawa (eds.)]. Springer-Verlag, Tokyo, Japan, pp. 131-163.
Hansen, J.E., M. Sato, A. Lacis, R. Ruedy, I. Tegen, and E. Matthews, 1998: Climate forcings in the industrial era. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 95, 12753-12758.
Haque, C.E. and M.Q. Zaman, 1993: Human responses to riverine hazards in Bangladesh: a proposal for sustainable floodplain development. World Development, 21, 93-107.
Hassell, D. and R. Jones, 1999: Simulating Climatic Change of the Southern Asian Monsoon Using a Nested Regional Climate Model. Technical Note No. 8, Hadley Centre, Bracknell, Berks, United Kingdom, 16 pp.
Hazell, P.B.R., 1985: Sources of increased variability in world cereal production since the 1960s. Journal of Agricultural Economics, 36, 145-159.
Henderson-Sellers, A. and H. Zhang, 1997: Tropical Cyclones and global Climate Change. Report from the WMO/CAS/TMRP Committee on Climate Change Assessment. Project TC-2, World Meteorological Organization, Geneva, Switzerland, 47 pp.
Henderson-Sellers, A., H. Zhang, G. Berz, K. Emanuel, W. Gray, C. Landsea, G. Holland, J. Lighthill, S.-L. Shieh, P. Webster, and K. McGuffie, 1998: Tropical cyclones and global climate change: a post-IPCC assessment. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, 79, 19-38.
Hewitt, K., 1997: Regions of Risk: A Geographical Introduction to Disasters. Addison-Wesley Longman, Essex, United Kingdom, 389 pp.
Hien, T.T., N.V. Vinh Chau, N.N. Vinh, N.T. Hung, M.Q. Phung, L.M. Toan, P.P. Mai, N.T. Dung, D.T. Hoai Tam, and K. Arnold, 1997: Management of multiple drug-resistant malaria in Viet Nam. Annals of the Academy of Medicine Singapore, 26(5), 659-663.
Hillel, D., 1991: Out of the Earth: Civilization and the Life of the Soil. University of California Press, Berkeley, CA, USA, 321 pp.
Hirakuchi, H. and F. Giorgi, 1995: Multi-year present day and 2xCO2 simulations of monsoon climate over eastern Asia and Japan with a regional climate model nested in a general circulation model. Journal of Geophysical Research, 100, 21105-21126.
Holland, G.J., 1997: The maximum potential intensity of tropical cyclones. Journal of Atmospheric Science, 54, 2519-2541.
Honda, Y., M. Ono, A. Sasaki, and I. Uchiyama, 1995: Relationship between daily maximum temperature and mortality in Kyusyu. Japanese Journal of Public Health, 42, 260-268 (in Japanese with English abstract).
Horie, T., M.J. Kropff, H.G. Centeno, H. Nakagawa, J. Nakano, H.Y. Kim, and M. Ohnishi, 1995a: Effect of anticipated change in global environment on rice yields in Japan. In: Climate Change and Rice [Peng, S., K.T. Ingram, H. Neue, and L.H. Ziska (eds.)]. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Germany, pp. 291-302.
Horie, T., H. Nakagawa, H.G. Centeno, and M.J. Kropff, 1995b: The rice crop simulation model SIMRIW and its testing. In: Modeling the Impact of Climate Change on Rice Production in Asia [Matthews, R.B., D. Bachelet, M.J. Kropff, and H.H. Van Laar (eds.)]. International Rice Research Institute (Philippines) and CAB International, Wallingford, Oxon, United Kingdom, pp. 51-66.
Huang, Z.G., 1999: Sea Level Changes in Guangdong and Its Impacts and Strategies. Guangdong Science and Technology Press, Guangzhou, China, 386 pp. (in Chinese).
Huang, Z.G., P.R. Li, and Z.Y. Zhang, 1982: Zhujiang Delta: Formation, Development and Evolution. Popular Science Press, Guangzhou, China, 274 pp. (in Chinese).
Huq, S., Z. Karim, M. Asaduzzaman, and F. Mahtab (eds.), 1999: Vulnerability and Adaptation to Climate Change in Bangladesh. J. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, The Netherlands, 147 pp.
ICRF, 1998: Second National Communication. Interagency Commission of the Russian Federation on Climate Change Problems, Roshydromet, Moscow, Russia, 67 pp.
ICRF, 1995: First National Communication. Interagency Commission of the Russian Federation on Climate Change Problems, Roshydromet, Moscow, Russia, 61 pp.
Iglesias, A., L. Erda, and C. Rosenzweig, 1996. Climate change in Asia: a review of the vulnerability and adaptation of crop production. Water, Air, and Soil Pollution, 92, 13-27.
Ilyas, M., A. Pandy, and S.I.S. Hassan, 1999: UV-B radiation at Penang. Atmospheric Research, 51, 141-152.
Inoue, S. and K. Yokoyama, 1998: Estimation of snowfall, maximum snow depth and snow cover condition in Japan under global climate change. Snow and Ice, 60, 367-378 (in Japanese with English abstract).
IPCC, 2000: Emissions Scenarios. A Special Report of Working Group III of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [Nakicenovic, N., J. Alcamo, G. Davis, B. de Vries, J. Fenhann, S. Gaffin, K. Gregory, A. Grübler, T.Y. Jung, T. Kram, E.L. La Rovere, L. Michaelis, S. Mori, T. Morita, W. Pepper, H. Pitcher, L. Price, K. Raihi, A. Roehrl, H.-H. Rogner, A. Sankovski, M. Schlesinger, P. Shukla, S. Smith, R. Swart, S. van Rooijen, N. Victor, and Z. Dadi (eds.)]. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA, 599 pp.
IPCC, 1998: The Regional Impacts of Climate Change: An Assessment of Vulnerability. Special Report of IPCC Working Group II [Watson, R.T., M.C. Zinyowera, and R.H. Moss (eds.)]. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA, 517 pp.
IPCC, 1996: Climate Change 1995: Impacts, Adaptations, and Mitigation of Climate Change: Scientific-Technical Analyses. Contribution of Working Group II to the Second Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [Watson, R.T., M.C. Zinyowera, and R.H. Moss (eds.)]. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA, 878 pp.
IPCC, 1995: Climate Change 1994: Radiative Forcing of Climate Change and an Evaluation of the IPCC IS92 Emissions Scenarios [Houghton, J.T., J. Bruce, B.A. Callander, E. Haites, N. Harris, H. Lee, K. Maskell, and L.G. Meira Filho (eds.)]. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA, 339 pp.
Islam, N. (ed.), 1995: Population and Food in Early 21st Century: Meeting Future Food Demand of an Increasing Population. International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI), Washington, DC, USA.
Ives, J.D. and B. Messerli, 1989: The Himalayan Dilemma: Reconciling Development and Conservation. Routledge, London, United Kingdom, 336 pp.
Izrael, Y., Y. Anokhin, and A.D. Eliseev, 1997a: Adaptation of water management to climate change. In: Global Changes of Environment and Climate: Collection of Selected Scientific Papers [Laverov, N.P. (eds.)]. The Federal Research Program of Russia, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia, pp. 373-392.
Izrael, Y., Y. Anokin, and A.D. Eliseev, 1997b: Final Report of the Russian Country Study on Climate Problem, Russian Federal Service for Hydrometeorology and Environmental Monitoring, Vol. 3, Task 3: Vulnerability and Adaptation Assessments. Roshydromet, Moscow, Russia, 105 pp.
Izrael, Y., A.V. Pavlov, and Y. Anokhin, 1999: Analysis of modern and predicted climate and permafrost changes in cold regions of Russia. Meteorology and Hydrology, 3, 18-27 (in Russian).
Japan Meteorological Agency, 1999: Extreme Weather Report '99. Printing Bureau, Ministry of Finance, Tokyo, Japan, 341 pp. (in Japanese).
Jarupongsakul, T., 1999: Implications of sea level rise and coastal zone management in the upper Gulf of Thailand. In: Proceedings of the IPCC Regional Experts Meeting, National Institute of Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Japan, 21-23 June, 1999.
Ji, Z.X., Z.X. Jiang, and J.W. Zhu, 1993: Impacts of sea level rise on coastal erosion in the Changjiang Delta Northern Jiangsu coastal plain. Acta Geographica Sinica, 48(6), 516-526 (in Chinese with English abstract).
Jiao, X., G.Y. Liu, C.O. Shan, X. Zhao, X.W. Li, I. Gathmann, and C. Royce, 1997: Phase II trial in China of new, rapidly acting and effective oral anti-malarial CGP 56697, for the treatment of plasmodium falciparum malaria. Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Medicine and Public Health, 28(3), 476-481.
Jodha, N.S., 1996: Property rights and development. In: Rights to Nature [Hanna, S.S., C. Folke, and K.-G. Maler (eds.)]. Island Press, Washington, DC, USA, pp. 205-220.
Jones, R.G., J.M. Murphy, and M. Noguer, 1995: Simulation of climate change over Europe using a nested regional climate model, part I: assessment of control climate, including sensitivity to location of lateral boundaries. Quarterly Journal of Royal Meteorological Society, 121, 1413-1449.
Jones, R.N., K.J. Hennessy, C.M. Page, A.B. Pittock, R. Suppiah, K.J.E. Walsh, and P.H. Whetton, 1999: An Analysis on the Effects of the Kyoto Protocol on Pacific Island Countries, Part Two: Regional Climate Change Scenarios and Risk Assessment Methods. Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Atmospheric Research Report to the South Pacific Regional Environment Programme, Aspendale, Australia, 69 pp. (plus executive summary).
Kane, S., J. Reilly, and J. Tobey, 1991: Climate Change: Economic Implication for World Agriculture. AER-No. 647, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Economic Research Service, Washington, DC, USA, 21 pp.
Kark, S., U. Alkon, E. Randi, and U.N. Safriel, 1999: Conservation priorities for chukar partridge in Israel based on genetic diversity across an ecological gradient. Conservation Biology, 13, 542-552.
Karl, T.R., R.W. Knight, and N. Plummer, 1995: Trends in high frequency climate variability in the twentieth century. Nature, 377, 217-220.
Karl, T.R., G. Kukla, V.N. Razuvayev, M.J. Changery, K.G. Quayle, R.R. Heim, D.R. Easterling, and C.B. Fu, 1991: A new perspective on global warming: asymmetric increases of day and night temperatures. Geophysical Research Letters, 18, 2253-2256.
Kasimov, N.S., 1997: Geo-ecological Changes Under the Caspian Sea Level Fluctuation. Moscow University Press, Moscow, Russia, 205 pp. (in Russian).
Kates, R.W., 2000: Cautionary tales: adaptation and the global poor. Climatic Change, 45, 5-17.
Kattenberg, A., F. Giorgi, H. Grassl, G.A.Meehl, J.F.B.Mitchell, R.J. Stouffer, T. Tokioka, A.J.Weaver, and T.M.L.Wigley, 1996: Climate models—projections of future climate. In: Climate Change 1995: The Science of Climate Change. Contribution of Working Group I to the Second Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [Houghton, J.T., L.G. Meira Filho, B.A. Callander, N. Harris, A. Kattenberg, and K. Maskell (eds.)]. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA, pp. 285-357.
Katti, M. and T. Price, 1996: Effects of climate on palearctic warblers over wintering in India. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society, 93, 411-427.
Kaye, K. and M. Novell, 1994: Health practices and indices of a poor urban population in Indonesia, part E: immunization, nutrition, and incidence of diarrhea. Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health, 7(4), 224-227.
Kelly, P.M. and W.N. Adger, 2000: Theory and practice in assessing vulnerability to climate change and facilitating adaptation. Climatic Change, 47, 325-352.
Kelly, P.M., D.A. Campbell, P.P. Micklin, and J.R. Tarrant, 1983: Large scale water transfers in the USSR. GeoJournal, 7(3), 201-214.
Khuldorj, M., M. Badarch, T. Tsetsegee, N. Oyun-erdene, and Chuluuntsetseg, 1998: The Mongolian Action Programme for 21st Century. Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia.
Kitayama, K., 1996: Climate of the summit region of Mount Kinabalu (Borneo) in 1992 and El Niño year. Mountain Research and Development, 16(1), 65-75.
Kitayama, K. and D. Mueller-Dombois, 1995: Biological invasion on an oceanic island mountain: do alien plant species have wider ecological ranges than native species? Journal of Vegetation Science, 6, 667-674.
Kitoh, A., S. Yukimoto, A. Noda, and T. Motoi, 1997: Simulated changes in the Asian summer monsoon at times of increased atmospheric CO2. Journal of the Meteorological Society of Japan, 75, 1019-1031.
Klein, R.J.T. and R.J. Nicholls, 1999: Assessment of coastal vulnerability to climate change. Ambio, 28(2), 182-187.
Knutson, T.R. and S. Manabe, 1998: Model assessment of decadal variability and trends in the tropical Pacific Ocean. Journal of Climate, 11, 2273-2296.
Knutson, T.R., R.E. Tuleya, and Y. Kurihara, 1998: Simulated increase of hurricane intensities in a CO2-warmed climate. Science, 279, 1018-1020.
Kothyari, U.C. and V.P. Singh, 1996: Rainfall and temperature trends in India. Hydrological Processes, 10, 357-372.
Krankina, O.N., R.K. Dixon, A.P. Kirilenko, and K.I. Kobak, 1997: Global climate change adaptation: examples from Russian boreal forests. Climatic Change, 36(1-2), 197-215.
Kripalani, R.H., S.R. Inamdar, and N.A. Sontakke, 1996: Rainfall variability over Bangladesh and Nepal: comparison and connection with features over India. International Journal of Climatology, 16, 689-703.
Kripke, M.L., 1994: Ultraviolet radiation and immunology: something new under the sun. Cancer Research, 54, 6102-6105.
Krishnamurti, T.N., R. Correa-Torres, M. Latif, and G. Daughenbaugh, 1998: The impact of current and possibly future SST anomalies on the frequency of Atlantic hurricanes. Tellus, 50A, 186-210.
Kropff, M.J., R.B. Matthews, H.H. Van Laar, and H.F.M. Ten Berge, 1995: The rice model ORYZA1 and its testing. In: Modeling the Impact of Climate Change on Rice Production in Asia [Matthews, R.B., D. Bachelet, M.J. Kropff, and H.H. Van Laar (eds.)]. International Rice Research Institute (Philippines) and CAB International, Wallingford, Oxon, United Kingdom, pp. 27-50.
Kuzmin, M.I., D. Williams, and T. Kavai, 1997: Baikal drilling project: long-range climate reconstructions. In: Global Changes of Environment and Climate: Collection of Selected Scientific Papers [Laverov, N.P. (ed.)]. The Federal Research Program of Russia, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia, pp. 255-281.
Lal, M. and H. Harasawa, 2000: Comparison of the present-day climate simulation over Asia in selected coupled atmosphere-ocean global climate models. Journal of the Meteorological Society of Japan, 78(6), 871-879.
Lal, M. and H. Harasawa, 2001: Future climate change scenarios for Asia as inferred from selected coupled atmosphere-ocean global climate models. Journal of the Meteorological Society of Japan, 79(1), 219-227.
Lal, M., G.A. Meehl, and J.M. Arblaster, 2000: Simulation of Indian summer monsoon rainfall and its intraseasonal variability. Regional Environmental Change, 1(3/4), 163-179.
Lal, M., G. Srinivasan, and U. Cubasch, 1996: Implications of global warming on the diurnal temperature cycle of the Indian subcontinent. Current Science, 71(10), 746-752.
Lal, M., U. Cubasch, R. Voss, and J. Waszkewitz, 1995a: Effect of transient increases in greenhouse gases and sulphate aerosols on monsoon climate. Current Science, 69(9), 752-763.
Lal, M., L. Bengtsson, U. Cubash, M. Esch, and U. Schlese, 1995b: Synoptic scale disturbances of Indian summer monsoon as simulated in a high resolution climate model. Climate Research, 5, 243-258.
Lal, M., U. Cubasch, J. Perlwitz, and J. Waszkewitz, 1997: Simulation of the Indian monsoon climatology in ECHAM3 climate model: sensitivity to horizontal resolution. International Journal of Climatology, 17, 1-12.
Lal, M., P.H. Whetton, A.B. Pittock, and B. Chakraborty, 1998a: Simulation of present-day climate over the Indian subcontinent by general circulation models. Terrestrial, Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, 9(1), 69-96.
Lal, M., P.H. Whetton, A.B. Pittock, and B. Chakraborty, 1998b: The greenhouse gas-induced climate change over the Indian subcontinent as projected by general circulation model experiments. Terrestrial, Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, 9, 673-690.
Lal, M., B. Bhaskaran, and S.K. Singh, 1998c: Indian summer monsoon variability as simulated by regional climate model nested in a global climate model. Chinese Journal of Atmospheric Science, 22(1), 93-102.
Lal, M., K.K. Singh, L.S. Rathore, G. Srinivasan, and S.A. Saseendran, 1998d: Vulnerability of rice and wheat yields in north-west India to future changes in climate. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 89, 101-114.
Lander, M., 1994: An exploratory analysis of the relationship between tropical storm formation in the western north Pacific and ENSO. Monthly Weather Review, 122, 636-651.
Lander, M.A. and C.P. Guard, 1998: A look at global tropical cyclone activity during 1995: contrasting high Atlantic activity with low activity in other basins. Monthly Weather Review, 126, 1163-1173.
Lang, H.Q., P. Lin, and J.J. Lu, 1998: Conservation and Research of Wetlands in China. East China Normal University Press, Shanghai, China, 420 pp. (in Chinese with English abstract).
Laverov, N.P. (ed.), 1998: Global Changes of Environment and Climate: Collection of Selected Scientific Papers. The Federal Research Program of Russia, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia, 433 pp.
Leggett, J., W.J. Pepper, and R.J. Swart, 1992: Emissions Scenarios for IPCC: an update. In: Climate Change 1992. The Supplementary Report to the IPCC Scientific Assessment [Houghton, J.T., B.A. Callander, and S.K. Varney (eds.)]. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA, pp. 69-95.
Lelyakin, A.L., A.O. Kokorin, and I.M. Nazarov, 1997: Vulnerability of Russian forests to climate changes, model estimation of CO2, fluxes. Climate Change, 36(1-2), 123-133.
Li, C.X., 1987: A study of the influence of El Niño upon typhoon action over the western Pacific. Acta Meteorologica Sinica, 45, 229-236.
Li, C.X., 1985: Luanhe Fan-Delta Depositional Systems. Geological Publishing House, Beijing, China, 156 pp.
Li, C.X., 1984: Sedimentary processes in the Yangtze Delta since late Pleistocene. Collected Oceanic Works, 7(2), 116-126.
Li, C.X. and P. Wang, 1991: Stratigraphy of the Late Quaternary barrier-lagoon depositional systems along the coast of China. Sedimentary Geology, 72, 189-200.
Li, Z., R. Yang, D. Liu, Q. Fan, and L. Wang, 1991: Research on the relationship between migration of birds of prey and climate in the seaboard of eastern China. Forest Research, 4, 10-14.
Lighthill, J., G.J. Holland, W.M. Gray, C. Landsea, K. Emanuel, G. Craig, J. Evans, Y. Kunihara, and C.P. Guard, 1994: Global climate change and tropical cyclones. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, 75, 2147-2157.
Liu, Y.F., M.K. Han, L. Wu, and N. Mimura, 1998: Recent evolution of outlets in Zhujiang River Delta and the prospect for land reclamation. Acta Geographica Sinica, 53, 492-499 (in Chinese with English abstract).
Lou, Q. and E. Lin, 1999: Agricultural vulnerability and adaptation in developing countries: the Asia Pacific region. Climatic Change, 43, 729-743.
Mackenzie, F.T., L.M. Ver, and A. Lerman, 1998: Coupled biogeochemical cycles of carbon, nitrogen, phosphorous and sulfur in the land-ocean-atmosphere system. In: Asian Change in the Context of Global Climate Change [Galloway, J.N. and J.M. Melillo (eds.)]. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA, pp. 42-100.
Makarov, M.V., 1999: Influence of ultraviolet-radiation on growth of the dominant macroalgae of the Barents Sea. Chemosphere Global Change Science: Climate Change effect on Northern Terrestrial and Freshwater Ecosystems, 1(4), 461-469.
Malinin, V.N., 1994: Problems of the Prediction in Caspian Sea Level Changes. SANKT Press, St. Petersburg, Russia, 159 pp. (in Russian).
Martens, P., R.S. Kovats, S. Nijhof, P. de Vries, M.T.J. Livermore, D.J. Bradley, J. Cox, and A.J. McMichael, 1999: Climate change and future populations at risk of malaria. Global Environmental Change, 9, S89-S107.
Masuzawa, T., 2000: How will communities of alpine plants be affected by global warming? In: A Threat to Life: The Impact of Climate Change on Japan's Biodiversity [Domoto, A., K. Iwatsuki, T. Kawamichi, and J. McNeely (eds.)]. Tsukiji-Shokan Publishing Company, Tokyo, Japan; The World Conservation Union (IUCN), Gland, Swizerland; and IUCN, Cambridge, United Kingdom, pp. 46-51.
Masuzawa, T., 1997: The Ecology of Alpine Plants. Tokyo University Press, Tokyo, Japan, 220 pp. (in Japanese).
Matson, P.A., W.J. Parton, A.G. Power, and M.J. Swift, 1997: Agricultural intensification and ecosystem properties. Science, 277, 504-509.
Matsui, T. and T. Horie, 1992: Effects of elevated CO2 and high temperature on growth and yield of rice, part 2: sensitive period and pollen germination rate in high temperature sterility of rice spikelets at flowering. Japan Journal of Crop Science, 61, 148-149.
Matthews, R.B., T. Horie, M.J. Kropff, D. Bachelet, H.G. Centeno, J.C. Shin, S. Mohandass, S. Singh, Z. Defeng, and H.L. Moon, 1995a: A regional evaluation of the effect of future climate change on rice production in Asia. In: Modeling the Impact of Climate Change on Rice Production in Asia [Matthews, R.B., M.J. Kropff, D. Bachelet, and H.H. Van Laar (eds.)]. International Rice Research Institute (Philippines) and CAB International, Wallingford, Oxon, United Kingdom, pp. 95-139.
Matthews, R.B., M.J. Kropff, D. Bachelet, and H.H. Van Laar, 1995b: Modeling the Impact of Climate Change on Rice Production in Asia. International Rice Research Institute (Philippines) and CAB International, Wallingford, Oxon, United Kingdom, 289 pp.
McKenzie, R.L., B. Connor, and G. Bodeker, 1999: Increased summertime UV radiation in New Zealand in response to ozone loss. Science, 285, 1709-1711.
McMichael, A.J., A. Haines, R. Slooff, and S. Kovats (eds.), 1996: Climate Change and Human Health. WHO/EHG/96.7, an assessment prepared by a Task Group on behalf of the World Health Organization, the World Meteorological Organization, and the United Nations Environment Programme, Geneva, Switzerland, 297 pp.
Meehl, G.A. and W.M. Washington, 1996: El Niño-like climate change in a model with increased atmospheric CO2 concentrations. Nature, 382, 56-60.
Meehl, G.A. and W.M. Washington, 1993: South Asian summer monsoon variability in a model with doubled atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration. Science, 260, 1101-1104.
Melillo, J.M., I.C. Printice, G.D. Farquhar, E.D. Schuze, and O.E. Sala, 1996: Terrestrial biotic responses to environmental change and feedbacks to climate. In: Climate Change 1995: The Science of Climate Change. Contribution of Working Group I to the Second Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [Houghton, J.T., L.G. Meira Filho, B.A. Callander, N. Harris, A. Kattenberg, and K. Maskell (eds.)]. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA, pp. 444-516.
Middleton, N., 1999: The Global Casino: An Introduction to Environmental Issues. 2nd. ed., Arnold, London, United Kingdom, 370 pp.
Midun, Z. and S.C. Lee, 1995: Implications of a greenhouse gas induced sea level rise: a national assessment for Malaysia. Journal of Coastal Research, 14, 96-115.
Mikhailov, V.N., 1998: The Volga River-Mouth area: Hydrological-Morphological Processes, Regime of Contaminants and Influence of the Caspian Sea Level Changes. Geos Press, Moscow, Russia, 278 pp. (in Russian).
Mimura, N. and H. Harasawa, 2000: Data Book of Sea-Level Rise 2000. Centre for Global Environmetal Research, National Institute for Enviromental Studies, Environmetal Agency of Japan, Ibaraki, Japan, 280 pp.
Mimura, N., J. Tsutsui, T. Ichinose, H. Kato, and K. Sakaki, 1998: Impacts on infrastructure and socio-economic system. In: Global Warming: The Potential Impact on Japan [Nishioka, S. and H. Harasawa (eds.)]. Springer-Verlag, Tokyo, Japan, pp. 165-201.
Mirza, M.Q., 1998: Modeling the Effects of Climate Change on Flooding in Bangladesh. Diss. International Global Change Institute (IGCI), University of Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand, 279 pp.
Mirza, M.Q. and A. Dixit, 1997: Climate change and water management in the GBM Basins. Water Nepal, 5, 71-100.
Mirza, M.Q. and N.J. Ericksen, 1996: Impact of water control projects on fisheries resources in Bangladesh. Enviornmental Management, 20(4), 527-539.
Mitchell, J.F.B., T.C. Johns, J.M. Gregory, and S.F.B. Tett, 1995: Climate response to increasing levels of greenhouse gases and sulphate aerosols. Nature, 376, 501-504.
Mizina, S.V., J. Smith, E. Gossen, K. Spiecker, and S. Witowski, 1999: An evaluation of adaptation options for climate change impacts on agriculture in Kazakhstan. Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change, 4, 25-41.
Mukhopadhyay, A.K., P. Karmakar, A.K. Hati, and P. Dey, 1997: Recent epidemiological status of malaria in Calcutta Municipal Corporation area, West Bengal. Indian Journal of Malariol, 34(4), 188-196.
Munasinghe, M., 2000: Development, equity and sustainabillity (DES) in the context of climate change. In: Climate Change and Its Linkages with Development, Equity and Sustainability: Proceedings of the IPCC Expert Meeting held in Colombo, Sri Lanka, 27-29 April, 1999 [Munasinghe, M. and R. Swart (eds.)]. LIFE, Colombo, Sri Lanka; RIVM, Bilthoven, The Netherlands; and World Bank, Washington, DC, USA, pp. 69-90.
Mustafa, D., 1998: Structural causes of vulnerability to flood hazard in Pakistan. Economic Geography, 74(3), 289-305.
Nakagawa, A., J. Nagasawa, and S. Inoue, 1997: Projection of global warming impacts using world rice and wheat supply and demand model. Quarterly Journal of National Research Institute of Agricultural Economy, 36, 37-50 (in Japanese).
Nakagawa, S., M. Sugi, T. Motoi, and S. Yukimoto, 1998: Climate change projections. In: Global Warming: The Potential Impact on Japan [Nishioka, S. and H. Harasawa (eds.)]. Springer-Verlag, Tokyo, Japan, pp. 1-33.
Nakicenovic, N., N. Victor, and T. Morita, 1998: Emissions scenarios database and review of scenarios. Mitigations and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change, 3, 95-120.
Naylor, R, W. Falcon, and E. Zavaleta, 1997: Variability and growth in grain yields, 1950-94: does the record point to greater instability? Population and Development Review, 23(1), 41-61.
NBAP, 2000: National Biodiversity Action Plan. Draft plan, His Majesty's Government of Nepal, Nepal.
Nelson, F.E. and O.A. Anisimov, 1993: Permafrost zonation in Russia under anthropogenic climatic change. Permafrost Periglacial Processes, 4(2), 137-148.
Neumann, C.J., 1993: Global Overview, Global Guide to Tropical Cyclone Forecasting. WMO/TC No. 560, Report No. TCP-31, World Meteorological Organization, Geneva, Switzerland, Chapter 1, pp. 1-43.
Nicholls, R.J., 1995: Coastal megacities and climate change. GeoJournal, 37, 369-379.
Nicholls, R.J. and N. Mimura, 1998: Regional issues raised by sea level rise and their policy implications. Climate Research, 11, 5-18.
Nicholls, R.J., F.M.J. Hoozemans, and M. Marchand, 1999: Increasing flood risk and wetland losses due to global sea-level rise: regional and global analyses. Global Environmental Change, 9, S69-S87.
Nie, B.F., T.G. Chen, and M.T. Lein, 1997: The Relationship Between Reef Coral and Environmental Changes of Nasha Islands and Adjacent Regions. China Science Press, Beijing, China, 101 pp. (in Chinese with English abstract).
Nishimori, M. and M. Yoshino, 1990: The relationship between ENSO events and the generation, development and movement of typhoons. Geographic Review of Japan, 63A-8, 530-540 (in Japanese).
Nishioka, S. and H. Harasawa (eds.) 1998: Global Warming: The Potential Impact on Japan. Springer-Verlag, Tokyo, Japan, 244 pp.
Nylen, E.S., A. Al-Arifi, K.L. Becker, R.H. Snider Jr., and A. Alzeer, 1997: Effect of classic heatstroke on serum procalcitonin. Critical Care Medicine, 25(8), 1362-1365.
OEPP, 1996: Report on Environmental Conditions of the Year 1994. Office of Environmental Policy and Planning, Ministry of Science, Technology and Energy, Bangkok, Thailand, 307 pp. (in Thai).
Omasa, K., K. Kai, H. Toda, Z. Uchijima, and M. Yoshino (eds.), 1996: Climate Change and Plants in East Asia. Springer-Verlag, Tokyo, Japan, 215 pp.
Ostby, F.P., 1993: The changing nature of tornado climatology. In: Proceedings of the 17th Conference on Severe Local Storms, October 4-8, 1993, St. Louis, Missouri , pp. 1-5.
Patterson, D.T., J.K. Westbrook, R.J.V. Joyce, P.D. Lingren, and J. Rogasik, 1999: Weeds, insects and diseases. Climatic Change, 43, 711-727.
Patz, J.A. and W.J.M. Martens, 1996: Climate impacts on vector-borne disease transmission: global and site-specific. Journal of Epidemiology, 6, S145-S148.
Pazzaglia, G., P. O'Hanley, and C. English, 1995: Molecular characterization of Vibro cholera 0139 isolates from Asia. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 52(5), 124-127.
Pebley, A.R., 1998: Demography and the environment. Demography, 35, 377-389.
Pender, M., 1995: Recent retreat of the terminus of Rika Samba Glacier, Hidden Valley, Nepal. In: Himalayan Climate Expedition: Final Report [Wake, C.P. (ed.)]. Glacier Research Group, University of New Hampshire, pp. 32-39.
Pennisi, E., 1998: New threat seen from carbon dioxide. Science, 279, 989-990.
Pennisi, E., 1997: Brighter prospects for the world's coral reefs? Science, 277, 491-493.
Perez, R.T., L.A. Amodore, and R.B. Feir, 1999: Climate change impacts and responses in the Philippines coastal sector. Climate Research, CR Special 6, 12, 97-107.
Pilifosova, O., I. Eserkepova, and S. Dolgih, 1997: Regional climate change scenarios under global warming in Kazakhstan. Climatic Change, 36, 23-40.
Pilifosova, O., I. Eserkepova, and S. Mizina, 1996: Vulnerability and adaptation assessment for Kazakhstan. In: Vulnerability and Adaptation to Climate Change—Interim Results from a U. S. Country Study Program [Smith, J.B., S. Huq, S. Lenhart, L.J. Mata, I. Nemesova, and S. Toure (eds.)]. J. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, The Netherlands, pp. 161-181.
Ping, C.-L., 1996: Carbon storage in the Kuparuk River Basin. In: Proceedings of the Arctic System Science/Land-Atmosphere-Ice Interactions Science Workshop, Seattle, Washington.
Piver, W.T., M. Ando, F. Ye, and C.T. Portier, 1999: Temperature and air pollution as risk factors for heat stroke in Tokyo, July-August, 1980-1995. Environmental Health Perspective, 107(11), 911-916.
Piyakarnchana, T., 1999: Change state and health of the Gulf of Thailand large marine ecosystem. In: Large Marine Ecosystems of the Pacific Rim: Assessment, Sustainability, and Management [Sherman K. and Tang Q.S. (eds.)]. Blackwell, Oxford, United Kingdom, pp. 240-250.
Popov, Y.M. and T.J. Rice, 1997: Economic and ecological problems of the Aral Sea region during transition to a market economy. Ecology and Hydrometeorology, 2, 24-36.
Portmann, R.W., S. Solomon, J. Fishman, J.R. Olson, J.T. Kiehl, and B. Briegleb, 1997: Radiative forcing of the earth's climate system due to tropical ozone production. Journal of Geophysical Research, 102(D8), 9409-9417.
Primavera, H., 1998: Mangroves as nurseries: shrimp populations in mangrove and non-mangrove habitats. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 46, 457-464.
Pritchard, L., J. Colding, F. Berkes, U. Svedin, and C. Folke, 1998: The Problem of Fit Between Ecosystems and Institutions. Working Paper No. 2, International Human Dimension Programme, Bonn, Germany. Available online at http://www.uni-bonne.de/ihdp/wp02mam.htm.
Qian, Y.Y., Q.C. Ye, and W.H. Zhou, 1993: Water Discharge and Suspended Load Changes and Channel Evolution of Huanghe River. China Building Material Industry Press, Beijing, China, 230 pp. (in Chinese).
Rahman, W.A., A. Che'Rus, and A.H. Ahmad, 1997: Malaria and Anopheles mosquitoes in Malaysia. Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Medicine and Public Health, 28(3), 599-605.
Rai, S.C., 1999: Land use change and hydrology of a Himalayan watershed. In: Abstract Book of the 1999 IGES Open Meeting of the Human Dimensions of Global Environmental Change Research Community, Shonan Village, Japan, 24-26 June, 200 pp.
Ramakrishnan, P.S., 1998: Sustainable development, climate change, and the tropical rain forest landscape. Climatic Change, 39, 583-600.
Ramakrishnan, P.S., 1992: Shifting Agriculture and Sustainable Development: An Interdisciplinary Study from North-Eastern India. United nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization and the Man and the Biosphere Program (UNESCO-MAB) Series, Parthenon Publications, Carnforth, Lancaster, United Kingdom, 424 pp. (republished by Oxford University Press, New Delhi, India, 1993).
Ramakrishnan, P.S., A.N. Purohit, K.G. Saxena, and K.S. Rao, 1994: Himalayan Environment and Sustainable Development. Diamond Jubilee Publication, Indian National Science Academy, New Delhi, India, 84 pp.
Ramakrishnan, P.S., A.K. Das, and K.G. Saxena (eds.), 1996: Conserving Biodiversity for Sustainable Development. Indian National Science Academy, New Delhi, India, 246 pp.
Rankova, E., 1998: Climate change during the 20th century for the Russian Federation. In: Abstract Book of the 7th International Meeting on Statistical Climatology, Whistler, British Columbia, Canada, May 25-29. Abstract 102, p. 98.
Rao, G.D. and S.K. Sinha, 1994: Impact of climate change on simulated wheat production in India. In: Implications of Climate Change for international agriculture: Crop Modelling Study [Rosenzweig, C. and I. Iglesias (eds.)]. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, EPA230-B-94-003, Washington, DC, USA, pp. 1-10.
Reiter, P., 1998: Global warming and vector-borne disease in temperate regions and at high altitude. Lancet, 351, 839-840.
Ren, G., 1998: Temperature changes of the 20th century over Horqin region, Northeast China. Scientia Meteorologica Sinica, 18(4), 373-380.
Ren, G. and W. Zhou, 1994: A preliminary study on temperature change since 1905 over Liaodong peninsula, Northeast China. Acta Meteorologica Sinica, 52(4), 493-498.
Ren, G., H. Wu, and Z. Chen, 2000: Spatial pattern of precipitation change trend of the last 46 years over China. Journal of Applied Meteorology, 11(3), 322-330.
Ren, M.E., 1985: Modern Sedimentation in Coastal and Nearshore Zone of China. China Ocean Press, Beijing, China and Springer-Verlag, Berlin and Heidelberg, Germany; New York, NY, USA; and Tokyo, Japan, 464 pp.
Rice, C.G., 1998: Habitat, population dynamics and conservation of Nilgiri tahr (Hemitragus hylocrius). Biological Conservation, 44, 137-156.
Riebsame, W.E., K.M. Strzepek, J.L. Wescoat Jr., G.L. Gaile, J. Jacobs, R. Leichenko, C. Magadza, R. Perrit, H. Phien, B.J. Urbiztondo, P. Restrepo, W.R. Rose, M. Saleh, C. Tucci, L.H. Ti, and D. Yates, 1995: Complex river basins. In: As Climate Changes, International Impacts and Implications [Strzepek, K.M. and J.B. Smith (eds.)]. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA, pp. 57-91.
Riha, S.J., D.S. Wilks, and P. Simons, 1996: Impact of temperature and precipitation variability on crop model predictions. Climatic Change, 32, 293-331.
Robock, A., K.Y. Vinnikov, G. Srinivasan, J.K. Entin, S.E. Hollinger, N.A. Speranskaya, S. Liu, and A. Namkhai, 2000: The global soil moisture data bank. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, 81, 1281-1299.
Roeckner, E., L. Bengtsson, J. Feitcher, J. Lelieveld, and H. Rodhe, 1999: Transient climate change with a coupled atmosphere-ocean GCM, including the tropospheric sulphur cycle. Journal of Climate, 12, 3004-3032.
Rosenzweig, C. and D. Hillel, 1998: Climate Change and the Global Harvest: Potential Impacts of the Greenhouse Effect on Agriculture. Oxford University Press, Oxford, United Kingdom, 324 pp.
Rosenzweig, C. and D. Hillel, 1995: Potential impacts of climate change on agriculture and food supply. Consequences, 1(2), 23-32.
Rosenzweig, C. and M.L. Parry, 1993: Potential impacts of climate change on world food supply. In: Agricultural Dimensions of Global Climate Change [Keiser, H.M. and T.E. Drennen (eds.)]. St. Lucie Press, Delray Beach, FL, USA, pp. 87-116.
Rounsevell, M.D.A., S.P. Evans, and P. Bullick, 1999: Climate change and agricultural soils—impacts and adaptation. Climatic Change, 43, 683-709.
Royer, J.-F., F. Chauvin, B. Timbal, P. Araspin, and D. Grimal, 1998: A GCM study of the impact of greenhouse gas increase on the frequency of occurrence of tropical cyclones. Climatic Change, 38, 307-343.
Rozengurt, M.A., 1991: Strategy and ecological and societal results of extensive resources development in the south of the U.S.S.R. In: Proceedings of the Soviet Union in the Year 2010. USAIA and Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA.
Ruddle, K., 1998: Traditional community-based coastal marine fisheries management in Vietnam. Ocean and Coastal Management, 40, 1-22.
Ruddle, K., W.B. Morgan, and J.R. Pfafflin, 1988: The Coastal Zone: Man's Response to Change. Harwood Academic Publishers, Chur, Switzerland, 555 pp.
Rupakumar, K. and S.D. Patil, 1996: Long-term variations of rainfall and surface air temperature over Sri Lanka. In: Climate Variability and Agriculture [Abrol, Y.P., S. Gadgil, and G.B. Pant (eds.)]. Narosa Publishing House, New Delhi, India, pp. 135-152.
Rupakumar, K., K. Krishna Kumar and G.B. Pant, 1994: Diurnal asymmetry of surface temperature trends over India. Geophysical Research Letters, 21, 677-680.
Safriel, U.N., 1995: The role of ecology in desert development. Journal of Arid Land Studies, 55, 351-354.
Safriel, U.N., 1993: Climate change and the Israeli biota: little is known but much can be done. In: Regional Implications of Future Climate Change [Graber, M., A. Cohen, and M. Magaritz (eds.)]. The Israeli Academy of Sciences and Humanities, Jerusalem, Israel, pp. 252-260.
Safriel, U.N., S. Volis, and S. Kark, 1994: Core and peripheral populations and global climate change. Israel Journal of Plant Sciences, 42, 331-345.
Salafsky, N., 1998: Drought in the rainforest, part II: an update based on the 1994 ENSO event. Climatic Change, 39, 601-603.
Salafsky, N., 1994: Drought in the rainforest: effects of the 1991 El Niño-Southern Oscillation event on a rural economy in West Kalimantan, Indonesia. Climatic Change, 27, 373-396.
Sanchez-Arcilla, A. and J.A. Jimenez, 1997: Physical impacts of climatic change on deltaic coastal systems: I: an approach. Climatic Change, 35, 71-93.
Sankaran, R., A.R. Rahmani, and U. Ganguli-Lachungpa, 1992: The distribution and status of the lesse florican Sypheotides indica in the Indian subcontinent. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society, 89, 156-179.
Sato, Y. and N. Mimura, 1997: Environmental problems and current management issues in the coastal zones of south and southeast Asian developing countries. Journal of Global Environmental Engineering, 3, 163-181.
Schulze, E.D., 1994: Flux control at the ecosystem level. Trends in Ecology and Evolution, 10, 40-43.
Schweithelm, J., T. Jessup, and D. Glover, 1999: Conclusion and policy recommendation. In: Indonesia's Fires and Haze: the Cost of Catastrophe [Glover, D. and T. Jessup (eds.)]. Institute of Southeast Asia, Singapore, and International Development Research Centre, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, pp. 130-153.
Seino, H., M. Amano, and K. Sasaki, 1998: Impacts on agriculture, forestry and fishery. In: Global Warming: The Potential Impact on Japan [Nishioka, S. and H. Harasawa (eds.)]. Springer-Verlag, Tokyo, Japan, pp. 101-124.
Serebryanny, L.R. and A.G. Khropov, 1997: Natural zones of north of Russia during a climatic holocene optimum. Russian Academy of Science Report, 357(6), 826-827 (in Russian).
Sharma, K.P., 1997: Impact of Land-Use and Climatic Changes on Hydrology of the Himalayan Basin: A Case Study of the Kosi Basin. Diss. University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, USA, 247 pp.
Sharma, K.P., 1993: Role of meltwater in major river systems of Nepal. In: International Symposium on Snow and Glacier Hydrology [Young, G.J. (ed.)]. International Association of Scientific Hydrology, Kathmandu, Nepal, pp. 113-122.
Shi, Y.F., 1995: Exacerbating coastal hazards and defensive countermeasures in China. In: Geological Hazards and Environmental Studies of Chinese Offshore Areas [Liu, S.Q. and M.S. Liang (eds.)]. Qindao Ocean University Press, Qindao, China, pp. 1-17.
Shiklomanov, I. (ed.), 2001: World Water Resources at the Beginning of the 21st Century. International Hydrological Series of the United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA, 711 pp.
Singh, P., 1998: Effect of global warming on the streamflow of high-altitude Spiti River. In: Ecohydrology of High Mountain Areas [Chalise, S.R., A. Herrmann, N.R. Khanal, H. Lang, L. Molnar, and A.P. Pokhrel (ed.)]. International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development, Kathmandu, Nepal, pp. 103-114.
Singh, N. and N.A. Sontakke, 2001: Natural and anthropogenic environmental changes of the Indo-Gangetic Plains, India. Climatic Change, (communicated).
Sinha, S.K., 1997: Global change scenario—current and future with reference to land cover change and sustainable agriculture. Current Science, 72(11), 846-854.
Sinha, S.K., M. Rai, and G.B. Singh, 1998: Decline in Productivity in Punjab and Haryana: A Myth or Reality? Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) Publication, New Delhi, India, 89 pp.
Sirotenko, O.D., H.V. Abashina, and V.N. Pavlova, 1997: Sensitivity of the Russian agriculture to changes in climate, CO2, and tropospheric ozone concentrations and soil fertility. Climatic Change, 36(1-2), 217-232.
Sivardhana, R., 1993: Methodology of assessing the economic impacts of sea level rise with reference to Ban Don Bay, Thailand. Malaysian Journal of Tropical Geography, 24(1-2), 35-40.
Skole, D.L., W.A. Salas, and C. Silapathong, 1998: Interannual variation in the terrestrial carbon cycle: significance of Asian tropical forest conversions to imbalance in the global carbon budget. In: Asian Change in the Context of Global Climate Change [Galloway, J.N. and J.M. Melillo (eds.)]. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA, pp. 162-186.
Smit, B., I. Burton, R.J.T. Klein, and J. Wandel, 2000: An anatomy of adaptation to climate change and variability. Climatic Change, 45, 223-251.
Smith, J.B., A. Rahman, S. Haq, M.Q. Mirza, 1998: Considering Adaptation to Climate Change in the Sustainable Development of Bangladesh. World Bank Report, World Bank, Washington, DC, USA, 103 pp.
Smith, J.B., N. Bhatti, G. Menzhulin, R. Benioff, M. Campos, B. Jallow, F. Rijsberman, M.I. Budyko, and R.K. Dixon (eds.), 1996: Adapting to Climate Change: Assessment and Issues. Springer-Verlag, New York, NY, USA, 475 pp.
Stephens, C., 1995: The urban environment, poverty and health in developing countries. Health Policy and Planning, 10(2), 109.
Sugi, M., A. Noda, and N. Sato, 1996: Will the number of tropical cyclones be reduced by global warming? Implication from a numerical modeling experiment with the JMA global model. In: Proceedings of the 1996 Spring Meeting of the Japanese Meteorological Society, 21-23 May 1996. The Japan Meteorological Society, Ohomiya, Japan, p. 37 (in Japanese).
Sukumar, R., H.S. Suresh, and R. Ramesh, 1995: Climate change and its impact on tropical montane ecosystems in south India. Journal of Biogeography, 22, 533-536.
Svitoch, A.A., 1997: Extreme Rise of the Caspian Sea Catastrophe of Coasts of Dagestan Towns. Moscow University Press, Moscow, Russia, 203 pp. (in Russian with English abstract).
Swift, M.J., J. Vandermeer, P.S. Ramakrishnan, J.M. Anderson, C.K. Ong, and B. Hawkins, 1996: Biodiversity and agroecosystem function. In: Biodiversity and Ecosystem Properties: A Global Perspective [Mooney, H.A., J.H. Cushman, E. Medina, O.E. Sala, and E.D. Schulze (eds.)]. John Wiley and Sons, Chichester, United Kingdom, pp. 261-298.
Tang, Q., 1995: The effects of climate change on resource populations in the Yellow Sea ecosystem. Canadian Special Publication of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 121, 97.
Tang, S.Y., 1992: Institutions and Collective Action: Self-Governance in Irrigation. Institute for Contemporary Studies Press, San Fransisco, CA, USA, 151 pp.
Teh, T.T., 1997: Sea Level Rise Implications for Coastal and Island Resorts: Climate Change in Malaysia. Universiti Putra, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia, pp. 83-102.
Terazaki, M., 1999: The Sea of Japan large marine ecosystem. In: Large Marine Ecosystems of the Pacific Rim: Assessment, Sustainability, and Management [Sherman, K. and Q.S. Tang (eds.)]. Blackwell, Oxford, United Kingdom, pp. 199-220.
Thongkrajai, E., P. Thongkrajai, J. Stoeckel, S. Na-nakhon, B. Karenjanabutr, and J. Sirivatanamethanont, 1990: Socioeconomic and heath programme effects upon the behavioral management of diarrhoeal disease in northeast Thailand. Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health, 4(1), 45-52.
Tian, Y.J. and S. Liu, 1999: Humankind's desire and achievements in changing nature seen from three project cases. Science and Technology Review, 1, 36-43 (in Chinese).
Timmermann, A., J. Oberhuber, A. Bacher, M. Esch, M. Latif, and E. Roeckner, 1999: Increased El Niño frequency in a climate model forced by future greenhouse warming. Nature, 398, 694-696.
Tobey, J., J. Reilly, and S. Kane, 1992: Economic implication of global climate change for world agriculture. Journal of Agriculture and Resource Economy, 17, 195-204.
Tonkin, H., C. Landsea, G.J. Holland, and S. Li, 1997: Tropical cyclones and climate change: a preliminary assessment. In: Assessing Climate Change Results from the Model Evaluation Consortium for Climate Assessment [Howe, W. and A. Henderson-Sellers (eds.)]. Gordon and Breach, London, United Kingdom, pp. 327-360.
Tri, N.H., N.W. Adger, and P.M. Kelly, 1998: Natural resource management in mitigating climate impacts: mangrove restoration in Vietnam. Global Environmental Change, 8(1), 49-61.
Trigg, P.I. and A.V. Kondrachina, 1998: Commentary: malaria control in the 1990s. Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 76(1), 11-16.
Tsunekawa, A., X. Zhang, G. Zhou, and K. Omasa, 1996: Climate change and its impacts on the vegetation distribution in China. In: Climate Change and Plants in East Asia [Omasa, K., K. Kai, H. Toda, Z. Uchijima, and H. Yoshino (eds.)]. Springer-Verlag, Tokyo, Japan, pp. 67-84.
Turner, R.K., S. Subak, and W.N. Adger, 1996: Pressures, trends and impacts in coastal zones: interactions between socio-economic and natural systems. Environmental Management, 20, 159-173.
Ubukata, H., 2000: The impact of global warming on insects. In: A Threat to Life: The Impact of Climate Change on Japan's Biodiversity [Domoto, A., K. Iwatsuki, T. Kawamichi, and J. McNeely (eds.)]. Tsukiji-Shokan Publishing Company, Tokyo, Japan; The World Conservation Union (IUCN), Gland, Swizerland; and IUCN, Cambridge, United Kingdom, pp. 61-70.
UNDP, 1997: Human Development Report 1997. United Nations Development Programme, New York, NY, USA, 256 pp.
UNEP, 1999: Global Environment Outlook 2000. Earthscan, London, United Kingdom, 398 pp.
UNICEF, 1999: UNICEF Statistical Data. United Nations Children's Fund, New York, NY, USA. Available online at http://www.unicef.org/statis/indexr.htm.
United Nations, 1998: UN World Population Prospects. United Nations, Population Division, New York, NY, USA.
USDA, 1999: Production, Supply, and Distribution Database. Available online at http://usda.mannlib.cornell.edu/data-sets/international/.
Valendik, E.N., 1996: Ecological aspects of forest fires in Siberia. Siberian Ecological Journal, 1, 1-8 (in Russian).
Varlamov, S.M., N.A. Dashko, and Y.S. Kim, 1997: Climate change in the far east and Japan Sea area for the last 50 years. In: Proceedings of the CREAMS '97 International Symposium, pp. 163-166.
Verghese, B.G. and R.R. Iyer, 1993: Harnessing the Eastern Himalayan Rivers: Regional Cooperation in South Asia. Konark Publishers, New Delhi, India.
Vohra, C.P., 1981: The climate of the Himalayas. In: The Himalaya Aspect of Change [Lall, J.S. (ed.)]. Oxford University Press, New Delhi, India, pp. 138-151.
Voskoboynikov, G.M., 1999: The Change of UV Radiation and Its Impact on the Ecosystems of Russian Arctic Seas. Report of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia, Vol. 7, pp. 113-121 (in Russian).
Walker, H.J., 1998: Arctic deltas. Journal of Coastal Research, 14(3), 718-738.
Walsh, K. and A.B. Pittock, 1998: Potential changes in tropical storms, hurricanes, and extreme rainfall events as a result of climate change. Climatic Change, 39, 199-213.
Wang, F., 1996a: Climate change and crop production in China. Economics of Chinese Country, 11, 19-23.
Wang, S., 1996b: Impacts of climate change on the water deficit status and growth of winter wheat in North China. Quarterly Journal of Applied Meteorology, 7(3), 308-315.
WASI, 1997: World Atlas of Snow and Ice Resources [Kotliakov, B.M. (ed.)]. Institute of Geography, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia, 262 pp.
Webster, P.J. and S. Yang, 1992: Monsoon and ENSO—selective interactive systems. Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, 118, 877-926.
Webster, P.J., V.O. Magana, T.N. Palmer, J. Shukla, R.A. Tomas, M. Yanagi, and T. Yasunari, 1998: Monsoons: processes, predictability and the prospects for prediction. Journal of Geophysical Research, 103(C7), 14451-14510.
White, A., V. Barker, and G. Tantrigama, 1997: Using integrated coastal management and economics to conserve coastal tourism resources. Ambio, 26(6), 335-343.
White, A., M.G.R. Cannell, and A.D. Friend, 1999: Climate change impacts on ecosystems and the terrestrial carbon sink: a new assessment. Global Environmental Change, 9, S21-S30.
Wilkinson, C.R. (ed.), 1998: Status of Coral Reefs of the World. Australian Institute of Marine Science, Western Australia, Townsville, MC, Queensland, Australia, 184 pp.
WMO, 1999: Scientific Assessment of Ozone Depletion 1998. Global Ozone Research and Monitoring Project Report No. 44, World Meteorological Organization, Geneva, Switzerland, pp. 1.1-12.57.
Wong, P.P., 1992: Impacts of sea level rise on the coasts of Singapore: preliminary observations. Journal of Southeast Asian Earth Sciences, 7, 65-70.
World Bank, 1997: World Development Indicators. World Bank, Washington, DC, USA, 231 pp.
World Bank, 1996: Chao Phraya Flood Management Review, Final Report. The Royal Thai Government, Thailand.
WRI, 1998: World Resources, 1998-1999. World Resources Institute, Oxford University Press, New York, NY, USA, 384 pp.
Xia, D.X., W.H. Wang, G.Q. Wu, J.R. Cui, and F.L. Li, 1993: Coastal erosion in China. Acta Geographica Sinica, 48(5), 468-476 (in Chinese with English abstract).
Xiao, X.M., J.M. Melillo, D.W. Kicklighter, Y. Pan, A.D. McGuire, and J. Helirich, 1998: Net primary production of terrestrial ecosystems in China and its equilibrium responses to changes in climate and atmospheric CO2 concentration. Acta Phytoecologica Sinica, 22(2), 97-118.
Xu, J. and H. Liu, 1997: Border malaria in Yunnan, China. Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Medicine and Public Health, 28(3), 456-459.
Yamada, T., H. Fushimi, R. Aryal, T. Kadota, K. Fujita, K. Seko, and T. Yasunari, 1996: Report of avalanches accident at Pangka, Khumbu Region, Nepal in 1995. Japanese Society of Snow and Ice, 58(2), 145-155 (in Japanese).
Yim, C.Y., 1999: The forest fires in Indonesia 1997-1998: possible causes and pervasive consequences. Geography, 84, 251-260.
Yoshino, M., 1998a: Global warming and urban climates: report of the Research Center for Urban Safety and Security, Kobe University Special report no. 1. In: Proceedings of the Second Japanese-German Meeting, Klima Analyse fur die Stadtplanung, pp. 123-124.
Yoshino, M., 1998b: Deviation of catch in Japan's fishery in the ENSO years. In: Climate and Environmental Change, International Geographical Union—Commission on Climatology, Evora, Portugal, 24-30 August, 1988, 189 pp.
Yu, B. and D.T. Neil, 1991: Global warming and regional rainfall: the difference between average and high intensity rainfalls. International Journal of Climatology, 11, 653-661.
Zhang, X.S., G.S. Zhou, Q. Gao, Z. Ni, and H.P. Tang, 1997: Study on global change and terrestrial ecosystems in China. Earth Science Frontiers, 4(1-2), 137-144.
Zhang, X.S., D.A. Yang, G.S. Zhou, C.Y. Liu, and J. Zhang, 1996: Model expectation of impacts of global climate change on Biomes of the Tibetan Plateau. In: Climate Change and Plants in East Asia [Omasa, K., K. Kai, H. Taoda, Z. Uchijima, and M. Yoshino (eds.)]. Springer-Verlag, Tokyo, Japan, pp. 25-38.
Zhou, P., 1991: Likely impacts of climate warming on fresh water fishery. Fresh Water Fishery, 6, 40-41.
Zhu, Z., 1991: Chinese fragile ecological ribbon and soil desertification. Journal of Desert Research, 11(4), 11-21 (in Chinese).
Zou, J.Z. and Y. Wu, 1993: Marine environmental biology. In: Marine Science Study and Its Prospect in China [Tseng, C.K., H.Q. Zhou, and B.C. Li (eds.)]. Qingdao Publishing House, Qingdao, China, pp. 663-680.

height="1" vspace="12">

Other reports in this collection

IPCC Homepage


height="5">