Acronyms, Abbreviations, and Chemical Compounds
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| AAGRs |
Annual average growth rates |
| AAUs |
Assigned Amount Units |
| ABWR |
Advanced Boiling Water Reactor |
| ACEA |
European Automobile Manufacturer’s Association |
| ADB |
Asian Development Bank |
| AEEI |
Autonomous Energy Efficiency Improvement |
| AIJ |
Activity Implemented Jointly |
| ALGAS |
Asia-Least-Cost Greenhouse Gas Abatement Strategy |
| ALM |
Africa, Latin America and the Middle East. |
| ARD |
Afforestation, Reforestation and Deforestation |
| ASF |
Atmospheric Stabilization Framework |
| BAU |
Business-As-Usual |
| BIGCC |
Biomass Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle |
| BOP |
Balance-Of-Payments |
| BWR |
Boiling Water Reactor |
| C |
Carbon |
| C2F6 |
Perfluoroethane / Hexafluoroethane |
| CAC |
Command and control |
| CAFE |
Corporate Average Fuel Economy |
| CANZ |
Canada, Australia and New Zealand |
| CBA |
Cost Benefit Analysis |
| CCGT |
Combined Cycle Gas Turbine |
| CDM |
Clean Development Mechanism |
| CEA |
Cost-Effectiveness Analysis |
| CERs |
Certified Emission Reductions |
| CF4 |
Perfluoromethane / Tetrafluoromethane |
| CFCs |
Chlorofluorocarbons |
| CFL |
Compact Fluorescent Lamps |
| CGE |
Computable General Equilibrium |
| CGIAR |
Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research |
| CH4 |
Methane |
| CHP |
Combined Heat and Power |
| CO |
Carbon-monoxide |
| CO2 |
Carbon-dioxide |
| CoP |
Conference of Parties |
| CSD |
Commission for Sustainable Development |
| DAFs |
Decision Analysis Frameworks |
| DCs |
Developing Countries |
| DES |
Development, Equity, and Sustainability |
| DMF |
Decision Making Framework |
| DSM |
Demand Side Management |
| EBRD |
European Bank for Reconstruction and Development |
| ECE |
UN Economic Commission for Europe |
| EEA |
European Environmental Agency |
| EFSU |
The East and Central European countries and the Former Soviet Union |
| EITs |
Economies In Transition |
| EMF |
Energy Modelling Forum |
| EMS |
Environmental Management Standard |
| ERUs |
Emission Reduction Units |
| ESCOs |
Energy Service Companies |
| ESTs |
Environmentally Sound Technologies |
| EU |
European Union |
| FAO |
United Nations Food and Agricultural Organization |
| FBC |
Fluid Bed Combustion |
| FDIs |
Foreign Direct Investments |
| FGD |
Flue Gas Desulphurization |
| FSU |
Former Soviet Union |
| GATT |
General Agreement on Trade and Tariff |
| GDP |
Gross Domestic Product |
| GEF |
Global Environment Facility |
| GHGs |
Greenhouse Gases |
| GNP |
Gross National Product |
| GWP |
Global Warming Potential / Gross World Product |
| H2O |
Water vapour |
| HCs |
Hydrocarbons |
| HCFC |
Hydrochlorofluorocarbon |
| HDI |
Human Development Index |
| HFCs |
Hydrofluorocarbons (hydrogenated Fluorocarbons) |
| HFE |
Hydrofluoroethers |
| HVAC |
Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning |
| IA |
Integrated Assessment |
| IAEA |
International Atomic Energy Agency |
| IAMs |
Integrated Assessment Models |
| ICAO |
International Civil Aviation Organization |
| ICE |
Internal Combustion Engine |
| IEA |
International Energy Agency |
| IET |
International Emissions Trading |
| IGCC |
Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle |
| IGCCS |
Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle or Supercritical |
| IMO |
International Maritime Organization |
| IPCC |
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change |
| IPR |
Intellectual Property Rights |
| IS92 |
IPCC 1992 Scenario |
| ISIC |
International Standard Industrial Classification |
| ISO |
International Standardization Organization |
| IUCN |
International Union for the Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources |
| JI |
Joint Implementation |
| LESS |
Low CO2 – emitting Energy Supply System |
| LNG |
Liquid Natural Gas |
| LPG |
Liquefied Petroleum Gas |
| LWR |
Light Water Reactor |
| MAC |
Marginal Abatement Cost |
| MDBs |
Multilateral Development Banks |
| MEAs |
Multilateral Environmental Agreements |
| MNCs |
Multinational Corporations |
| N |
Nitrogen (element) |
| N2 |
Nitrogen (gas) |
| N2O |
Nitrous oxide |
| Na3AlF6 |
Cryolite |
| NACE |
Nomenclature des Activites dans la Communaute Europienne (Index of Business
Activities in the European Union) |
| NGOs |
Non-Governmental Organizations |
| NH3 |
Ammonia |
| NH4 |
Ammonium ion |
| NICs |
Newly Industrialized Countries |
| NMHC |
Non-Methane Hydrocarbon |
| NMVOCs |
Non-Methane Volatile Organic Compounds |
| NO |
Nitric oxide |
| NO2 |
Nitrogen dioxide |
| NOx |
The sum of NO and NO2 |
| O2 |
Oxygen |
| O3 |
Ozone |
| ODA |
Official Development Assistance |
| ODS |
Ozone Depleting Substances |
| OECD |
Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development |
| OPEC |
Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries |
| PEM |
Proton exchange membrane |
| PFC |
Perfluorocarbon |
| PPM |
Processes and Production Method or Parts Per Million |
| PPP |
Purchasing Power Parity or Polluter Pays Principle |
| PQLI |
Physical Quality of Life Index |
| PV |
Photo Voltaic |
| PWR |
Pressurized Water Reactor |
| QELRCs |
Quantified Emission Limitation or Reduction Commitments |
| R&D |
Research and Development |
| SAR |
Second Assessment Report of the IPCC |
| SBSTA |
Subsidiary Body for Scientific and Technological Advice |
| SF6 |
Sulfur hexafluoride |
| SMEs |
Small and Medium Sized Enterprises |
| SO2 |
Sulphur dioxide |
| SOx |
Sulphur oxides |
| SPM |
Summary for Policymakers |
| SRES |
Special Report on Emissions Scenarios |
| SRLULUCF |
Special Report on Land-Use, Land-Use Change and Forestry |
| SRTT |
Special Report on Methodological and Technological Issues in Technology
Transfer |
| TAR |
Third Assessment Report |
| TPES |
Total Primary Energy Supply |
| TS |
Technical Summary |
| TSU |
Technical Support Unit |
| UNCED |
United Nations Conference on Environment and Development |
| UNDP |
United Nations Development Programme |
| UNEP |
United Nations Environment Programme |
| UNFCCC |
United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change |
| VA |
Voluntary Agreement or Value - Added |
| VAT |
Value Added Tax |
| VOC |
Volatile organic compound |
| WCED |
World Commission on Environment and Development |
| WEC |
World Energy Council |
| WG I |
Working Group One of the IPCC |
| WG II |
Working Group Two of the IPCC |
| WG III |
Working Group Three of the IPCC |
| WHO |
World Health Organization |
| WMO |
World Meteorological Organization |
| WRE |
Wigley, Richels and Edmonds. |
| WTA |
Willingness to Accept compensation |
| WTO |
World Trade Organization |
| WTP |
Willingness to Pay |
| WWF |
World Wide Fund for Nature |