References

ABI (Association of British Insurers), 2000: Inland Flooding Risk. Association of British Insurers, London, 16 pp.

ABI (Association of British Insurers), 2004: A Changing Climate for Insurance. Association of British Insurers, London, 24 pp.

Abildtrup, J., E. Audsley, M. Fekete-Farkas, C. Giupponi, M. Gylling, P. Rosato and M.D.A. Rounsevell, 2006: Socio-economic scenario development for the assessment of climate change impacts on agricultural land use. Environ. Sci. Pol. 9, 101-115.

ACIA (Arctic Climate Impact Assessment), 2004: Impacts of a warming Arctic. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 144 pp.

AEAT, 2003: Railway Safety Implications of Weather, Climate and Climate Change. Final Report to the Railway Safety and Standards Board. Retrieved 12.10.2006 from http://www.railwaysafety.org.uk/pdf/ClimateChangeFR.pdf.

AEMA, 2002: Uso sostenible del agua en Europa. Gestión de la demanda. Ministerio de Medio Ambiente, Madrid, 94 pp.

Ågren, G.I. and E. Bosatta, 2002: Reconciling differences in predictions of temperature response of soil organic matter. Soil Bio. Biochem., 34, 129-132.

Alados, C.I., Y. Pueyo, O. Barrantes, J. Escós, L. Giner and A.B., Robles, 2004: Variations in landscape patterns and vegetation cover between 1957 and 1994 in a semiarid Mediterranean ecosystem. Lands. Ecol., 19, 543-559.

Alcamo, J., P. Döll, T. Heinrichs, F. Kaspar, B. Lehner, T. Rösch and S. Siebert, 2003: Global estimates of water withdrawals and availability under current and future business-as-usual conditions. Hydrological Sci. J., 48, 339-348.

Alcamo, J., M. Endejan, A.P. Kirilenko, G.N., Golubev and N.M. Dronin, 2005: Climate Change and its Impact on Agricultural Production in Russia. In: Understanding Land-Use and Land-Cover Change in Global and Regional Context, E. Milanova, Y. Himiyama, and I. Bicik Eds., Science Publishers, Plymouth, Devon, 35-46.

Alcamo, J., M. Floerke and M. Maerker, 2007: Future long-term changes in global water resources driven by socio-economic and climatic changes. Hydrological Sciences, 52, 247-275.

Alexander, L.V., X. Zhang, T.C. Peterson, J. Caesar, B. Gleason, A.M.G. Klein Tank, M. Haylock, D. Collins, B. Trewin, F. Rahimzadeh, A. Tagipour, K. Rupa Kumar, J. Revadekar, G. Griffiths, L. Vincent, D.B. Stephenson, J. Burn, E. Aguilar, M. Brunet, M. Taylor, M. New, P. Zhai, M. Rusticucci and J.L. Vázquez Aguirre, 2006: Global observed changes in daily climate extremes of temperature and precipitation. J. Geophys. Res., 111, D05109, doi:10.1029/2005JD006290.

Alexandrov, V., J. Eitzinger, V. Cajic and M. Oberforster, 2002: Potential impact of climate change on selected agricultural crops in north-eastern Austria. Glob. Change Biol., 8, 372-389.

Alley, R.B., J. Marotzke, W.D. Nordhaus, J.T. Overpeck, D.M. Peteet, R.A Pielke Jr., R.T. Pierrehumbert, P.B. Rhines, T.F. Stocker, L.D. Talley and J.M. Wallace, 2003: Abrupt climate change. Science, 299, 2005-2010.

Álvarez Cobelas, M., J. Catalán and D. García de Jalón, 2005: Impactos sobre los ecosistemas acuáticos continentales. Evaluación Preliminar de los Impactos en España por Efecto del Cambio Climático, J.M. Moreno, Ed., Ministerio de Medio Ambiente, Madrid, 113-146 .

Amelung, B. and D. Viner, 2006: Mediterranean tourism: Exploring the future with the tourism climatic index. J. Sust. Tour., 14, 349-366.

Anadón, R., C.M. Duarte and C. Fariña, 2005: Impactos sobre los ecosistemas marinos y el sector pesquero. Evaluación Preliminar de los Impactos en España por Efecto del Cambio Climático, J.M. Moreno, Ed., Ministerio de Medio Ambiente, Madrid, 147-182.

André, J.-C., M. Déqué, P. Rogel and S. Planton, 2004: The 2003 summer heatwave and its seasonal forecasting. C. R. Geosci., 336, 491-503.

Andréasson, J., S. Bergström, B. Carlsson, L.P. Graham and G. Lindström, 2004: Hydrological change – climate impact simulations for Sweden. Ambio, 33, 228-234.

Araújo, M.B. and M. New, 2007: Ensemble forecasting of species distributions. Trends Ecol. Evol., 22, 42-47.

Araújo, M.B., M. Cabeza, W. Thuiller, L. Hannah and P.H. Williams, 2004: Would climate change drive species out of reserves? An assessment of existing reserve-selection methods. Glob. Change Biol., 10, 1618-1626.

Araújo, M.B., W. Thuiller and R.G. Pearson, 2006: Climate warming and the decline of amphibians and reptiles in Europe. J. Biogeogr., 33, 1677-1688.

Arnell, N.W., 2004: Climate change and global water resources: SRES emissions and socio-economic scenarios. Glob. Environ. Change, 14, 31-52.

Arnell, N.W., M.J.L. Livermore, S. Kovats, P.E. Levy, R. Nicholls, M.L. Parry and S.R. Gaffin, 2004: Climate and socio-economic scenarios for global-scale climate change impacts and assessments: characterising the SRES storylines. Glob. Environ. Change, 14, 3-20.

Arnell, N., E. Tomkins, N. Adger and K. Delaney, 2005: Vulnerability to Abrupt Climate Change in Europe. ESRC/ Tyndall Centre Technical Report N^o 20, Tyndall Centre for Climate Change Research, University of East Anglia, Norwich, 63 pp.

Askeev, O.V., D. Tischin, T.H. Sparks and I.V. Askeev, 2005: The effect of climate on the phenology, acorn crop and radial increment of pedunculate oak (Quercus robur) in the middle Volga region, Tatarstan, Russia. Int. J. Biometeorol., 49, 262-266.

Audsley, E., K.R. Pearn, C. Simota, G. Cojocaru, E. Koutsidou, M.D.A. Rounsevell, M. Trnka and V. Alexandrov, 2006: What can scenario modelling tell us about future European scale agricultural land use, and what not? Environ. Sci. Pol., 9, 148-162.

Austin, G.E. and M.M. Rehfisch, 2005: Shifting nonbreeding distributions of migratory fauna in relation to climatic change. Glob. Change Biol., 11, 31-38.

Aylin, P., S. Morris, J. Wakefield, A. Grissinho, L. Jarup and P. Elliott, 2001: Temperature, housing, deprivation and their relationship to excess winter mortality in Great Britain, 1986–1996. Int. J. Epidemiol., 30, 1100–1108.

Babiker, M.H. and R.S. Eckaus, 2002: Rethinking the Kyoto emissions targets. Climatic Change, 54, 399-414.

Badeck, F.-W., H. Lischke, H. Bugmann, T. Hicker, K. Höniger, P. Lasch, M.J. Lexer, F. Mouillot, J. Schaber and B. Smith, 2001. Tree species composition in European pristine forests: Comparison of stand data to model predictions. Climatic Change, 51, 307-347.

Badeck, F.-W., A. Bondeau, K. Bottcher, D. Doktor, W.Lucht, J. Schaber and S. Sitch, 2004: Responses of spring phenology to climate change. New Phytol., 162, 295-309.

Baeza, M.J., M. de Luís, J. Raventós and A. Escarré, 2002: Factors influencing fire behaviour in shrublands of different stand ages and the implications for using prescribed burning to reduce wildfire risk. J. Environ. Manage., 65, 199-208.

Baker, T., 2005: Vulnerability Assessment of the North-East Atlantic Shelf Marine Ecoregion to Climate Change, Workshop Project Report, WWF, Godalming, Surrey,79 pp.

Bakkenes, M., R.M. Alkemade, F. Ihle, R. Leemans and J.B. Latour, 2002: Assessing effects of forecasted climate change on the diversity and distribution of European higher plants for 2050. Glob. Change Biol., 8, 390-407.

Bale, J.S., G.J. Masters, I.D. Hodkinson, C. Awmack, T.M. Bezemer, V.K. Brown, J.Butterfield, A. Buse, J.C. Coulson, J. Farrar, J.E.G., Good, R. Harrington, S. Hartley, T.H. Jones, R.L. Lindroth, M.C. Press, I. Symrnioudis, A.D. Watt and J.B. Whittaker, 2002: Herbivory in global climate change research: direct effects of rising temperature on insect herbivores. Glob. Change Biol., 8, 1-16.

Ballester, F., P. Michelozzi and C. Iñiguez, 2003: Weather, climate, and public health. J. Epidemiol. Community Health, 57, 759–760.

Bannikov, M.V., A.B. Umarova and M.A. Butylkina, 2003: Fires on drained peat soils of Russia: Causes and effects. Int. Forest Fire News, 28, 29-32.

Barklund, P., 2002: Excador I Europa. Skogsstyrelsen, Jönköping, Rapport No1 (in Swedish).

Barreira, A., 2004: Dams in Europe. The Water Framework Directive and the World Commission on Dam Recommendations: A Legal and Policy Analysis. Retrieved 05.11.2006 from http://assets.panda.org/downloads/wfddamsineurope.pdf

Barrera, A., M.C. Llasat and M. Barriendos, 2006: Estimation of extreme flash flood evolution in Barcelona County from 1351 to 2005. Nat. Haz. Earth Syst. Sci., 6, 505-518.

Barthod, C., 2003: Forests for the Planet: Reflections on the Vast Storms in France in 1999. Proceedings of the XII World Forestry Congress, September 2003, Quebec, Canada, Volume B, 3-9.

Battisti, A., 2004: Forests and climate change – lessons from insects. Forest, 1, 17-24.

Beaugrand, G. and P.C. Reid, 2003: Long-term changes in phytoplankton, zooplankton and salmon related to climate. Glob. Change Biol., 9, 801-817.

Beaugrand, G., P.C. Reid, F. Ibáñez, J.A. Lindley and M. Edwards, 2002: Reorganization of north atlantic marine copepod biodiversity and climate. Science, 296, 1692-1694.

Beggs, P.J., 2004: Impacts of climate change on aeroallergens: past and future. Clin. Exp. Allergy, 34, 1507-1513.

Beniston, M., 2002: Climatic change: possible impacts on human health. Swiss Med. Wkly., 132, 332–337.

Beniston, M., 2004: The 2003 heatwave in Europe: a shape of things to come? an analysis based on swiss climatological data and model simulations. Geophys. Res. Lett., 31, L02202 doi:10.1029/2003GL018857.

Beniston, M. and H.F. Díaz, 2004: The 2003 heatwave as an example of summers in a greenhouse climate? Observations and climate model simulations for Basel, Switzerland. Glob. Planet. Change, 44, 73-81.

Beniston, M., F. Keller and S. Goyette, 2003: Snow pack in the Swiss Alps under changing climatic conditions: an empirical approach for climate impact studies. Theor. Appl. Climatol., 74, 19-31.

Beniston, M., D.B. Stephenson, O.B. Christensen, C.A.T. Ferro, C. Frei, S. Goyette, K. Halsnaes, T. Holt, K. Jylhä, B. Koffi, J. Palutikof, R. Schöll, T. Semmler and K. Woth, 2007: Future extreme events in European climate: an exploration of regional climate model projections. Climatic Change, 81, S71-S95.

Benito, G., M. Barriendos, M.C. Llasat, M. Machado and V. Thorndycraft, 2005: Impactos sobre los riesgos naturales de origen climático: riesgo de crecidas fluviales. Evaluación Preliminar de los Impactos en España por efecto del Cambio Climático, J.M. Moreno, Ed., Ministerio de Medio Ambiente, Madrid, 527-548.

Beran, J., L. Asokliene and I. Lucenko, 2004: Tickborne encephalitis in Europe: Czech Republic, Lithuania and Latvia. Euro Surveill. Weekly Release, 8.

Berry, P.M., M.D.A. Rounsevell, P.A. Harrison and E. Audsley, 2006: Assessing the vulnerability of agricultural land use and species to climate change and the role of policy in facilitating adaptation. Environ. Sci. Pol., 9, 189-204.

Blenckner, T., 2005: A conceptual model of climate-related effects on lake ecosystems. Hydrobiologia, 533, 1-14.

Blennow, K. and O. Sallnäs, 2002: Risk perception among non-industrial private forest owners. Scand. J. Forest Res., 17, 472-479.

Boelens, R., D. Minchin and G. O’Sullivan, 2005: Climate Change - Implications for Ireland’s Marine Environment and Resources.Marine Institute, Galway, 48 pp.

Böhm, R., I. Auer, M. Brunetti, M. Maugeri, T. Nanni and W. Schöner, 2001: Regional temperature variability in the European Alps: 1760-1998 from homogenized instrumental time series. Int. J. Climatol. 21, 1779-1801.

Boisvenue, C. and S.W. Running, 2006: Impacts of climate change on natural forest productivity-evidence since the middle of the 20th century. Glob. Change Biol., 12, 862-882.

Bortenschlager, S. and I. Bortenschlager, 2005: Altering airborne pollen concentrations due to the Global Warming. A comparative analysis of airborne pollen records from Innsbruck and Obergurgl (Austria) for the period 1980–2001. Grana, 44, 172-180.

Bouraoui, F., B. Grizzetti, K. Granlund, S. Rekolainen and G. Bidoglio, 2004: Impact of climate change on the water cycle and nutrient losses in a Finnish catchment. Climatic Change, 66, 109-126.

Brander, K.M., 2005: Cod recruitment is strongly affected by climate when stock biomass is low. ICES J. Mar. Sci., 62, 339-343.

Brander, K. M. and G. Blom, 2003: Changes in fish distribution in the Eastern North Atlantic: Are we seeing a coherent response to changing temperature? ICES Marine Science Symposia, 219, 261-270.

Briers, R.A., J.H.R. Gee and R. Geoghegan, 2004: Effects of North Atlantic oscillation on growth and phenology of stream insects. Ecography, 27, 811-817.

Broadmeadow, M.S.J., D. Ray and C.J.A. Samuel, 2005. Climate change and the future for broadleaved tree species in Britain. Forestry, 78, 145-161.

Bröker, M. and D. Gniel, 2003: New foci of tick-borne encephalitis virus in Europe: consequences for travelers from abroad. Travel Med. Infect. Dis., 1, 181-184.

Brommer, J.E., 2004: The range margins of northern birds shift polewards. Ann. Zool. Fenn., 41, 391-397.

Bronstert, A., 2003: Floods and climate change: interactions and impacts. Risk Anal., 3, 545-557.

Brooker, R. and J. Young, Eds., 2005: Climate Change and Biodiversity in Europe: a Review of Impacts, Policy, Gaps in Knowledge and Barriers to the Exchange of Information between Scientists and Policy Makers. NERC Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Banchory Research Station, Banchory, Aberdeenshire, 31 pp. Retrieved 28.10.2006 from http://www.ceh.ac.uk/sections/ed/documents/Backgroundpaper_final.pdf.

Buckland, S.M., K. Thompson, J.G. Hodgson and J.P. Grime, 2001: Grassland invasions: effects of manipulations of climate and management. J. Appl. Ecol., 38, 301-309.

Busuioc, A., 2001: Large-scale mechanisms influencing the winter Romanian climate variability. Detecting and Modelling Regional Climate Change. M. Bruner and D. López, Eds., Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 333-344.

Butenko, A.M. and V.F. Larichev, 2004: Climate influence on the activity and areas of Crimea hemorrhagic fever in the north part of its virus’ natural habitat. In: Climate Change and Public Health in Russia in the XXI century. Proceeding of the workshop, April 5-6, 2004, Moscow, Publishing Company “Adamant”, Moscow, 134-138, (in Russian).

Byrne, C. and M.B. Jones, 2002: Effects of Elevated CO₂ and Nitrogen Fertilizer on Biomass Productivity, Community Structure and Species Diversity of a Semi-Natural Grassland in Ireland. Proceeding of the Royal Irish Academy, 141-150.

Camarero, J. J. and E. Gutiérrez, 2004: Pace and pattern of recent treeline dynamics response of ecotones to climatic variability in the Spanish Pyrenees. Climatic Change, 63, 181-200.

Cartalis, C., A. Synodinou, M. Proedrou, A. Tsangrassoulis and M. Santamouris, 2001: Modifications in energy demand in urban areas as a result of climate changes: an assessment for the southeast Mediterranean region. Energy Conv. Manag., 42, 1647-1656.

Casimiro, E. and J.M. Calheiros, 2002: Human Health. Climate Change in Portugal: Scenarios, Impacts, and Adaptation Measures, F.D. Santos, K. Forbes and R. Moita, Eds., SIAM project, Gradiva Publisher, Lisbon, 245-300.

Castle, I. and D. Henderson, 2003a: The IPCC emission scenarios: an economic-statistical critique. Ener. Environ., 14, 159-185.

Castle, I. and D. Henderson, 2003b: Economics, emission scenarios and the work of the IPCC. Ener. Environ., 14, 415-436.

Catalán, J., S. Pla, M. Rieradevall., M. Felip, M. Ventura, T. Buchaca, L. Camarero, A. Brancelj, P.G. Appleby, A. Lami, J.A. Grytnes, A. Agustí-Panareda and R. Thompson, 2002: Lake Redó ecosystem response to an increasing warming in the Pyrenees during the twentieth century. J. Paleolimnol., 28, 129-145.

Ceron, J.-P. and G. Dubois, 2000: Tourisme et changement climatique. In: Impacts Potentiels du Changement Climatique en France au XXIème Siècle. 2d ed. Premier ministre, Ministère de l’aménagement du territoire et de l’environnement, 1998, 104-111.

Chang, H., C.G. Knight, M.P. Staneva and D. Kostov, 2002: Water resource impacts of climate change in southwestern Bulgaria. GeoJournal, 57, 159-168.

Chmielewski, F.-M., A. Müller and E. Bruns, 2004: Climate changes and trends in phenology of fruit trees and field crops in Germany, 1961-2000. Agric. For. Meteorol., 121, 69-78.

Christensen, J.H. and O.B. Christensen, 2003: Severe summertime flooding in Europe. Nature, 421, 805-806.

Christensen, J.H. and O.B. Christensen, 2007: A summary of the PRUDENCE model projections of changes in European climate during this century. Climatic Change, 81, S7-S30.

Christenson, M., H. Manz and D. Gyalistras, 2006: Climate warming impact on degree-days and building energy demand in Switzerland. Energy Conv. Manag., 47, 671-686.

Ciais, Ph., I. Janssens, A. Shvidenko, C. Wirth, Y. Malhi, J. Grace, E.-D. Schulze, M. Herman, O. Phillips and H. Dolman, 2004: The potential for rising CO₂ to account for the observed uptake of carbon by tropical, temperate, and boreal forest biomes. The Carbon Balance of Forest Biomes, H. Griffiths and P.J. Jarvis, Eds., Garland Science/BIOS Scientific Publishers, Abingdon, Oxfordshire, 109-149.

Ciais, Ph., M. Reichstein, N. Viovy, A. Granier, J. Ogée, V. Allard, M. Aubinet, N. Buchmann, C. Bernhofer, A. Carrara, F. Chevallier, N. de Noblet, A.D. Friend, P. Friedlingstein, T. Grünwald, B. Heinesch, P. Keronen, A. Knohl, G. Krinner, D. Loustau, G. Manca, G. Matteucci, F. Miglietta, J.M. Ourcival, D. Papale, K. Pilegaard, S. Rambal, G. Seufert, J.F. Soussana, M.J. Sanz, E.D. Schulze, T. Vesala and R. Valentini, 2005: Europe-wide reduction in primary productivity caused by the heat and drought in 2003. Nature, 437, 529-533.

Clark, R.A., J.F. Fox, D. Vinerand M. Livermore, 2003: North Sea cod and climate change - modelling the effects of temperature on population dynamics. Glob. Change Biol., 9, 1660-1690.

Coccossis, H., 2003: Towards a regional legal framework for Integrated Coastal Area Management in the Mediterranean. Accessed 10.03.2006 from http://www.globaloceans.org/globalconferences/2003/pdf/Pre-conferenceProceedingsVolume.pdf

Colebrook, E. and R. Wall, 2004: Ectoparasites of livestock in Europe and the Mediterranean region. Vet. Parasitol., 120, 251-274.

Cooper, J.A.G. and O.H. Pilkey, 2004: Sea-level rise and shoreline retreat: time to abandon the Bruun Rule. Glob. Planet. Change, 43, 157-171.

Cooper, N.J., P.G. Barber, M.C.Bray and D.J. Carter, 2002: Shoreline management plans: a national review and an engineering perspective. Proc. Inst. Civil. Eng.-Marit. Eng., 154, 221-228.

Cosgrove, W., R. Connor and J. Kuylenstierna, 2004: Workshop 3 (synthesis): Climate variability, water systems and management options. Water Sci. Technol, 7, 129-132.

Crawford, V.L.S., M. McCann and R.W. Stout, 2003: Changes in seasonal deaths from myocardial infarction. Q. J. Med., 96, 45-52.

Cubasch, U., G.A. Meehl, G.J. Boer, R.J. Stouffer, M. Dix, A. Noda, C.A. Senior, S. Raper and K.S. Yap, 2001: Projections of future climate change. Climate Change 2001: The Scientific Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Third Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, J.T. Houghton, Y. Ding, D.J. Griggs, M. Noguer, P.J. van der Linden, X. Dai, K. Maskell and C.A. Johnson, Eds., Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 525-582.

Curry, R. and C. Mauritzen, 2005: Dilution of the northern North Atlantic Ocean in recent decades. Science, 308, 1772-1774.

Daniel, M., B. Kriz, V. Danielová, J. Materna, N. Rudenko, J. Holubová, L. Schwarzová and M. Golovchenko, 2005: Occurrence of ticks infected by tickborne encephalitis virus and Borrelia genospecies in mountains of the Czech Republic. Euro Surveill. 10, E050331.1. Accessed 05.11.2006 at: http://www.eurosurveillance.org/ew/2005/050331.asp#1.

Daniel, M., V. Danielová, B. K?i? and ?. Bene?, 2006: Tick-borne encephalitis. Climate Change and Adaptation Strategies for Human Health, B. Menne and K.L. Ebi, Eds., Steinkopff Verlag, Darmstadt, 189-205.

Danielova, V., B. Kriz, M. Daniel, C. Benes, J. Valter and I. Kott, 2004: Effects of climate change on the incidence of tick-borne encephalitis in the Czech Republic in the past two decades. Epidemiol. Mikrobiol. Imunol., 53, 174-181.

Daufresne, M., M.C. Roger, H. Capra and N. Lamouroux, 2003: Long-term changes within invertebrate and fish communities of Upper Rhone river: effects of climate factors. Glob. Change Biol., 10, 124-140.

de Boeck, H.J., C.M.H.M. Lemmens, H. Bossuyt, S. Malchair, M. Carnol, R. Merckx, I. Nijs and R. Ceulemans, 2006: How do climate warming and plant species richness affect water use in experimental grasslands? Plant Soil, 10.1007/s11104-006-9112-5.

de Groot, Th.A.M. and J.D. Orford, 2000: Implications for coastal zone Management. Sea Level Change and Coastal Processes: Implications for Europe, D.E. Smith, S.B. Raper, S. Zerbini and A. Sánchez-Arcilla, Eds., Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, Luxembourg, 214-242.

de Gruijl, F.R., J. Longstreth, M. Norval, A.P. Cullen, H. Slaper, M.L. Kripke, Y. Takizawa and J.C. van der Leun, 2003: Health effects from stratospheric ozone depletion and interactions with climate change. Photochem. Photobiol. Sci., 2, 16-28.

de Luis, M., J.C. González-Hidalgo and J. Raventós, 2003: Effects of fire and torrential rainfall on erosion in a Mediterranean gorse community. Land Deg. Devel., 14, 203-213.

de Roo, A., G. Schmuck, V. Perdigao and J. Thielen, 2003: The influence of historic land use change and future planned land use scenarios on floods in the Oder catchment. Phys. Chem. Earth, Parts A/B/C, 28, 1291-1300.

Declerck, S., J. Vandekerkhove, L.S. Johansson, K. Muylaert, J.M. Conde-Porcuna, K. van der Gucht, C. Pérez-Martínez, T.L. Lauridsen, K. Schwenk, G. Zwart, W. Rommens, J. López-Ramos, E. Jeppesen, W. Vyverman, L. Brendonck and L. de Meester, 2005: Multi-group biodiversity in shallow lakes along gradients of phosphorus and water plant cover. Ecology, 86, 1905-1915.

Defra, 2004a: Scientific and Technical Aspects of Climate Change, including Impacts and Adaptation and Associated Costs. Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs, London.. Retrieved 12.10.2006 from http://www.defra.gov.uk /ENVIRONMENT/climatechange/pubs/index.htm.

Defra, 2004b: Making Space for Water: Developing a New Government Strategy for Flood and Coastal Erosion Risk Management in England: A Consultation Exercise. Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs, London, 154 pp.

Defra, 2004c: Scoping Uncertainty in the Social Cost of Carbon. Final Project Report (Draft), Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs, London, 41pp.

del Barrio, G., P.A. Harrison, P.M. Berry, N. Butt, M. Sanjuan, R.G. Pearson and T. Dawson, 2006: Integrating multiple modelling approaches to predict the potential impacts of climate change on species’ distributions in contrasting regions: comparison and implications for policy. Environ. Sci. Pol., 9, 129-147.

Delitti, W., A. Ferrán, L. Trabaud and V.R. Vallejo, 2005: Effects of fire recurrence in Quercus coccifera L. shrublands of the Valencia Region (Spain): I. plant composition and productivity. Plant Ecol., 177, 57-70.

Department of Health, 2002: Health Effects of Climate Change in the UK: Report of the Expert Advisory Group on Climate change and Health. London, 238 pp.

Déqué, M., D.P. Roswell, D. Lüthi, F. Giorgi, J.H. Christensen, B. Rockel, D. Jacob, E. Kjellström. M. de Castro and B. van den Hurk, 2007: An intercomparison of climate simulations for Europe: assessing uncertainties in model projections. Climatic Change, 81, S53-S70.

Dessai, S., 2003: Heat stress and mortality in Lisbon. Part II: An assessment of the potential impacts of climate change. Int. J. Biometeorol., 48, 37-44.

Devoy, R.J.N., 2007: Coastal vulnerability and the implications of sea-level rise for Ireland. J. Coast. Res., (in press).

Devoy, R.J.N., T.A. de Groot, S. Jelgersma, I. Marson, R.J. Nicholls, R. Paskoff and H.-P. Plag, 2000: Sea-level change and coastal processes: recommendations.Sea Level Change and Coastal Processes: Implications for Europe, D.E. Smith, S.B. Raper, S. Zerbini and A. Sánchez-Arcilla, Eds.,Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, Luxembourg, 1-8.

Díaz, J., R. García, C. López, C. Linares, A. Tobías and L. Prieto, 2005: Mortality impact of extreme winter temperatures. Int. J. Biometeorol., 49, 179-83.

Dickson, M.E., M.J.A. Walkden, J.W. Hall, S.G. Pearson and J.G. Rees, 2007: Numerical modelling of potential climate-change impacts on rates of soft-cliff recession, north-east Norfolk, UK. Proc. Coastal Dyn. (in press).

Dickson, R.R., R. Curry and I. Yashayaev, 2003: Recent changes in the North Atlantic. Philos. Trans. Roy. Soc. London., 361, 1917-1934.

Diffey, B., 2004: Climate change, ozone depletion and the impact on ultraviolet exposure of human skin. Phys. Med. Biol., 49, 1-11.

Dirnböck, T., S. Dullinger and G. Grabherr, 2003: A regional impact assessment of climate and land-use change on alpine vegetation. J. Biogeogr., 30, 401-417.

Dlugolecki, A., Ed., 2001: Climate Change and Insurance. Chartered Insurance Institute, London, 110 pp.

Dlugolecki, A. and M. Keykhah, 2002: Climate change and the insurance sector: its role in adaptation and mitigation. Greener Management International, 39, 83-98.

Dobbertin, M., N. Hilker, M. Rebetez, N. E. Zimmermann, T. Wohlgemuth and A. Rigling, 2005: The upward shift in altitude of pine mistletoe (Viscum album ssp. Austriacum) in Switzerland – the result of climate warming? Int. J. Biometeorol., 50, 40-47.

Döll, P., 2002: Impact of climate change and variability on irrigation requirements: a global perspective. Climatic Change, 54, 269-293.

Donevska, K. and S. Dodeva, 2004: Adaptation measures for water resources management in case of drought periods. In: Proceedings, XXIInd Conference of the Danubian Countries on the Hydrological Forecasting and Hydrological Bases of Water Management. Brno, 30 August-2 September 2004, CD-edition.

Dorrepaal, E.R., R. Aerts, J.H.C. Cornelissen, T.V. Callaghan and R.S.P. van Logtestijn, 2004: Summer warming and increased winter snow cover affect Sphagnum fuscum growth, structure and production in a sub-arctic bog. Glob. Change Biol., 10, 93-104.

Duchene, E. and C. Schneider, 2005: Grapevine and climatic changes: a glance at the situation in Alsace. Agron. Sust. Dev., 25, 93-99.

Duckworth, J.C., R.G.H. Bunce and A.J.C. Malloch, 2000: Modelling the potential effects of climate change on calcareous grasslands in Atlantic Europe. J. Biogeogr., 27, 347-358.

Dullinger, S., T. Dirnbock and G. Grabherr, 2004: Modelling climate change-driven treeline shifts: relative effects of temperature increase, dispersal and invasibility. J. Ecol., 92, 241-252.

Dutil, J.D. and K. Brander, 2003: Comparing productivity of North Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) stocks and limits to growth production. Fish Oceanogr., 12, 502–512.

Ebi, K.L., 2005: Improving public health responses to extreme weather events. Extreme weather events and public health responses, W. Kirch, B. Menne and R. Bertollini, Eds., Springer Verlag, Berlin, 47-56.

Ebi, K.L., 2006: Floods and human health. In: Climate Change and Adaptation Strategies for Human Health, B. Menne and K.L. Ebi, Eds., Steinkopff Verlag, Darmstadt, 99-120.

EC, 2004: Facts and Figures on the CFP. Luxembourg, European Communities, 40 pp.

Eckhardt, K. and U. Ulbrich, 2003: Potential impacts of climate change on groundwater recharge and streamflow in a central European low mountain range. J. Hydrol., 284, 244-252.

Edgar, P.W., R.A. Griffiths and J.P. Foster, 2005: Evaluation of translocation as a tool for mitigating development threats to great crested newts (Triturus cristatus) in England, 1990–2001. Biol. Conserv, 122, 45-52.

Edwards, M. and A.J. Richardson, 2004: Impact of climate change on marine pelagic phenology and trophic mismatch. Nature, 430, 881-884.

Edwards, M., D.G. Johns, P. Licandro, A.W.G. John and D.P. Stevens, 2006: Ecological Status Report: Results from the CPR Survey 2004/2005. SAHFOS Technical Report, 3, 1-8.

EEA, 2002: Environmental Signals 2002. Benchmarking the Millenium. Environ-mental Assessment Report No. 9, European Environmental Agency, Copenhagen, 147 pp.

EEA, 2003: Europe’s Environment: The Third Assessment. Environmental Assessment Report No. 10, European Environment Agency, Copenhagen, 344 pp.

EEA, 2004a: Environmental signals 2004. A European Environment Agency Update on Selected Issues. European Environmental Agency, Copenhagen, 36 pp.

EEA, 2004b: Impacts of Europe’s Changing Climate: An Indicator-Based Assessment. EEA Report No 2/2004, European Environment Agency, Copenhagen (or: Luxembourg, Office for Official Publications of the EC), 107 pp.

EEA, 2005: Annual European Community Greenhouse Gas Inventory 1990-2003 and Inventory Report 2005. Submission to the UNFCCC Secretariat. EEA Technical report No 4/2005. European Environmental Agency, Copenhagen, 87 pp.

EEA, 2006a: Energy and Environment in the European Union. Tracking Progress towards Integration. European Environment Agency, Copenhagen, 52 pp.

EEA, 2006b: How much Bioenergy can Europe Produce without Harming the Environment? EEA Report No 7/2006, European Environmental Agency, Copenhagen, 67 pp.

Egli, M., C. Hitz, P. Fitze and A. Mirabella, 2004: Experimental determination of climate change effects on above ground and below-ground organic matter in alpine grasslands by translocation of soil cores. J. Plant Nutr. Soil Sci., 167, 457-470.

Eide, A. and K. Heen, 2002: Economic impact of global warming. A study of the fishing industry in North Norway. Fish Res., 56, 261-274.

Eisenreich, S.J., Ed., 2005: Climate change and the European Water Dimension. Report to the European Water Directors. European Commission-Joint Research Centre, Ispra, 253 pp.

Eitzinger, J., M. Stastna, Z. Zalud and M. Dubrovsky, 2003: A simulation study of the effect of soil water balance and water stress in winter wheat production under different climate change scenarios. Agric. Water Manage., 61, 195-217.

Ekström, M., H.J. Fowler, C.G. Kilsby and P.D. Jones, 2005: New estimates of future changes in extreme rainfall across the UK using regional climate model integrations. 2. Future estimates and use in impact studies. J. of Hydrol., 300, 234-251.

Elpiner, L.I., 2004: Scenarios of human health changes under global hydroclimatic transformations. In: Climate Change and Public Health in Russia in the XXI Century. Proceeding of the workshop, April 5-6, 2004, Moscow, Publishing Company “Adamant”, 195-199 (in Russian).

Elsasser, H. and R. Burki, 2002: Climate change as a threat to tourism in the Alps. Clim. Res., 20, 253-257.

Emberlin, J., M. Detandt, R. Gehrig, S. Jaeger, N. Nolard and A. Rantio-Lehtimaki, 2002: Responses in the start of Betula (birch) pollen seasons to recent changes in spring temperatures across Europe. Int. J. of Biometeorol., 46, 159-170.

Emmett, B.A., C. Beier, M. Estiarte, A. Tietema, H.L. Kristensen, D. Williams, J. Peñuelas, I. Schmidt and A. Sowerby, 2004: The response of soil processes to climate change: results from manipulation studies of shrublands across an environmental gradient. Ecosystems, 7, 625-637.

Enarson, E. and M. Fordham, 2001: Lines that divide, ties that bind: race, class and gender in women’s flood recovery in the US and UK. Aust. J. Emerg. Manag., 15, 43–52.

Estrela, T., M. Menéndez, M. Dimas, C. Marcuello, G. Rees, G. Cole, K. Weber, J. Grath, J. Leonard, N.B. Ovesen and J. Fehér, 2001: Sustainable Water Use in Europe. Part 3: Extreme Hydrological Events: Floods and Droughts. Environmental issue report No 21, European Environment Agency, Copenhagen, 84 pp.

Etchevers, P., C. Golaz, F. Habets and J. Noilhan, 2002: Impact of a climate change on the Rhone river catchment hydrology. J. Geophys. Res., 107, 4293, doi:10.1029/2001JD000490.

Evans, C.D. and D.T. Monteith, 2001: Chemical trends at lakes and streams in the UK Acid Waters Monitoring Network 1988-2000: evidence for recent recovery at a national scale. Hydr. Earth Syst. Sci., 5, 283-297.

Ewert, F., M.D.A. Rounsevell, I. Reginster, M.J. Metzger and R. Leemans, 2005: Future scenarios of European agricultural land use I. Estimating changes in crop productivity. Agr. Ecosyst. Environ., 107, 101-116.

Fang, C. and J.B. Moncrieff, 2001: The dependence of soil CO₂ efflux on temperature. Soil Bio. Biochem., 33, 155-165.

FAOSTAT, 2005. http://faostat.fao.org/faostat. Last accessed 01.01.2006.

Fernandes, P. and H. Botelho, 2004: Analysis of the prescribed burning practice in the pine forest of northwestern Portugal. J. Environ. Manage., 70, 15-26.

Fernando, T.M. and J. Cortina, 2004: Are Pinus halepensis plantations useful as a restoration tool in semiarid Mediterranean areas? For. Ecol. Manage., 198, 303-317.

Fink, A.H., T. Brücher, A. Krüger, G.C. Leckebusch, J.G. Pinto and U. Ulbrich, 2004: The 2003 European summer heatwaves and drought - Synoptic diagnosis and impact. Weather, 59, 209-216.

Fischer, P.H., B. Brunekreef and E. Lebret, 2004: Air pollution related deaths during the 2003 heat wave in the Netherlands. Atmos. Env., 38, 1083-1085.

Flather, R.A. and J. Williams, 2000: Climate change effects on storm surges: methodologies and results. Climate Scenarios for Water-Related and Coastal Impacts, J. Beersma, M. Agnew, D. Viner and M. Hulme, Eds., ECLAT - 2 Workshop Report No. 3, Climate Research Unit, University of East Anglia, Norwich, 66-72.

Flörke, M. and J. Alcamo, 2005: European Outlook On Water Use. Prepared for the European Environment Agency, 83 pp.

Fowler, H.J. and C.G. Kilsby, 2004: Future increase in UK water resource drought projected by a regional climate model. Proceedings of the BHS International Conference on Hydrology: Science & Practice for the 21st Century. London, 12-16 July, British Hydrological Society, 15-21.

Frank, T., 2005: Climate change impacts on building heating and cooling energy demand in Switzerland. Energy Build., 37, 1175-1185.

Frauenfeld, O.W., T. Zhang, R.G. Barry and D. Gilichinsky, 2004: Interdecadal changes in seasonal freeze and thaw depths in Russia. J. Geophys. Res., 109, doi:10.1029/2003JD004245.

Freeman, M., A.S. Morén, M. Strömgren and S. Linder, 2005: Climate change impacts on forests in Europe: biological impact mechanisms. Management of European Forest under Changing Climatic Conditions, S. Kellomäki and S. Leinonen, Eds., Research Notes 163, University of Joensuu, Joensuu, 46-115.

Frich, P., L.V. Alexander, P. Della-Marta, B. Gleason, M. Haylock, A.M.G.K. Tankand T. Peterson, 2002: Observed coherent changes in climatic extremes during the second half of the twentieth century. Clim. Res., 19, 193-212.

Fronzek, S and T.R. Carter, 2007: Assessing uncertainties in climate change impacts on resource potential for Europe based on projections from RCMs and GCMs. Climatic Change, 81, S357-S371.

Fukushima, T., M. Kureha, N. Ozaki, Y. Fujimori and H. Harasawa, 2002: Influences of air temperature change on leisure industries: case study of ski activities. Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change, 7, 173–189.

Garssen, J., C. Harmsen and J. de Beer, 2005: The effect of the summer 2003 heatwave on mortality in the Netherlands. Euro Surveill., 10, 165-168.

Gedney, N., P.M. Cox, R.A. Betts, O. Boucher, C. Huntingford and P. Stott, 2006: Detection of a direct carbon dioxide effect in continental river runoff records. Nature, 439, 835-838.

Geraci, J. R., and V. Lounsbury, 2002: Marine mammal health: holding the balance in an ever changing sea. Marine mammals: biology and conservation, P.G.H. Evans and J.A. Raga, Eds., Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers, New York, 365-384.

Geres, D., 2004: Analysis of the water demand management. Proceedings, XXIInd Conference of the Danubian Countries on the Hydrological Forecasting and Hydrological Bases of Water Management, Brno, 30 August-2 September 2004, CD-edition.

Giannakopoulos, C. and B.E. Psiloglou, 2006: Trends in energy load demand for Athens, Greece: weather and non-weather related factors. Clim. Res., 13, 97-108.

Giannakopoulos, C., M. Bindi, M. Moriondo, P. LeSager and T. Tin, 2005: Climate Change Impacts in the Mediterranean Resulting from a 2oC Global Temperature Rise. WWF report, Gland Switzerland. Accessed 01.10.2006 at http://assets.panda.org/downloads/medreportfinal8july05.pdf.

Gielen, B., H. de Boeck, C.M.H.M. Lemmens, R. Valcke, I. Nijs and R. Ceulemans, 2005: Grassland species will not necessarily benefit from future elevated air temperatures: a chlorophyll fluorescence approach to study autumn physiology. Physiol. Plant., 125, 52–63.

Giorgi, F., X. Bi and J. Pal, 2004: Mean interannual and trends in a regional climate change experiment over Europe. II: Climate Change scenarios (2071-2100). Climate Dyn., 23, 839-858.

Gitay, H., A. Suarez and R. Watson, Eds., 2002: Climate Change and Biodiversity. IPCC Technical Paper V, 86 pp.

Goldammer, J.G., A. Shukhinin and I. Csiszar, 2005: The current fire situation in the Russian Federation: implications for enhancing international and regional cooperation in the UN framework and the global programs on fire monitoring and assessment. Int. Forest Fire News, 32, 13-42.

Good, P., L. Barring, C. Giannakopoulos, T. Holt and J.P. Palutikof, 2006: Non-linear regional relationships between climate extremes and annual mean temperatures in model projections for 1961-2099 over Europe. Clim. Res., 13, 19-34.

Gordienko, M.I. and N.M. Gordienko, 2005: Silvicultural Properties of Tree Plants. “Visti” publ., Kiyiv, Ukraine, 818 pp. (in Ukrainian).

Gordon, C., C. Cooper, C.A. Senior, H. Banks, J.M. Gregory, T.C. Johns, J.F.B. Mitchell and R.A. Wood, 2000: The simulation of SST, sea ice extents and ocean heat transports in a version of the Hadley Centre coupled model without flux adjustments. Climate Dyn., 16, 147-168.

Gorissen, A., A. Tietema, N.N. Joosten, M. Estiarte, J. Peñuelas, A. Sowerby, B.A. Emmet and C. Beier, 2004: Climate change affects carbon allocation to the soil in shrublands. Ecosystems, 7, 650-661.

Gottfried, M., H. Pauli, K. Reiter and G. Grabherr, 2002: Potential effects of climate change on alpine and nival plants in the Alps. Mountain Biodiversity - a Global Assessmnt, C. Korner and E. Spehn. Eds., Parthenon Publishing, London, 213-223.

Gould, E.A., S. Higgs, A. Buckley and T.S. Gritsun, 2006: Potential arbovirus emergence and implications for the United Kingdom. Emerg. Infect. Dis., 12, 549-555.

Grabherr, G., M. Gottfried and H. Pauli, 2001: Long term monitoring of mountain peaks in the Alps. Tasks Veg. Sci., 35, 153-177.

Grace, J., F. Berninger and L. Nagy, 2002: Impacts of climate change on the tree line. Ann. Bot., 90, 537-544.

Gracia, C., L. Gil and G. Montero, 2005: Impactos sobre el Sector Forestal. Evaluación Preliminar de los Impactos en España for Efecto del Cambio Climático, J.M. Moreno, Ed., Ministerio de Medio Ambiente, Madrid, 399-435.

Gray, T. and J. Hatchard, 2003: The 2002 reform of the Common Fisheries governance - rhetoric or reality? Marine Policy, 27, 545-554.

Gregory, J.M., J.E. Church, G.J. Boer, K.W. Dixon, G.M. Flato, D.R. Jackett, J.A. Lowe, S.P. O’Farrell, E. Roekner, G.L. Russell, R.J. Stouffer and M. Winton, 2001: Comparison of results from several AOGCMs for global and regional sea-level change 1900-2100. Climate Dyn., 18, 225-240.

Gregory, J.M., P. Huybrechts and S.C.B. Raper, 2004: Threatened loss of the Greenland ice-sheet. Nature, 428, 616.

Gregory, J.M.., K.W. Dixon, R.J. Stouffer, A.J. Weaver, E. Driesschaert, M. Eby, T. Fichefet, H. Hasumi, A. Hu, J.H. Jungclaus, I.V. Kamenkovich, A. Levermann, M. Montoya, S. Murakami, S. Nawrath, A. Oka, A.P. Sokolov and R. B. Thorpe, 2005: A model intercomparison of changes in the Atlantic thermohaline circulation in response to increasing atmospheric CO₂ concentration. Geophysical Research Letters, 32, L12703, doi:10.1029/2005GL023209.

Grime, J.P., V.K. Brown, K. Thompson, G.J. Masters, S.H. Hillier, I.P. Clarke, A.P. Askew, D. Corker and J.P. Kielty, 2000: The response of two contrasting limestone grasslands to simulated climate change. Science, 289, 762-765.

Gruber, S., M. Hoelzle and W. Haeberli, 2004: Permafrost thaw and destabilization of Alpine rock walls in the hot summer of 2003. Geophys. Res. Lett., 31, L13504, doi:10.1029/2004GL020051.

Grübler, A., N. Nakicenovic, J. Alcamo, G. Davis, J. Fenhann, B. Hare, S. Mori, B. Pepper, H. Pitcher, K. Riahi, H.-H. Rogner, E. Lebre La Rovere, A. Sankovski, M. Schlesinger, R.P. Shukla, R. Swart, N. Victor and T. Yong Jung, 2004: Emission scenarios: A final response. Ener. Environ., 15, 11-24.

Guedes Soares, C.G., J.C. Carretero Albiach, R. Weisse and E. Alvarez-Funjul, 2002: A 40 years hindcast of wind, sea level and waves in European waters. Proceedings of the 21st International Conference on Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering, June 2002, Oslo, Norway. OMAE2002-28604, 1-7.

Guisan, A. and J.-P. Theurillat, 2000: Equilibrium modeling of alpine plant distribution and climate change: how far can we go? Phytocoenologia, 30, 353-384.

Guisan, A. and J.-P. Theurillat, 2001: Assessing alpine plant vulnerability to climate change, a modeling perspective. Int. Ass., 1, 307-320.

Guisan, A. and J.-P. Theurillat, 2005: Appropriate monitoring networks are required for testing model-based scenarios of climate change impact on mountain plant distribution. Global change in mountain regions, U. M. Huber, H. Bugmann and M. A. Reasoner, Eds., Kluwer, 467-476.

Gutiérrez Teira, B., 2003: Variaciones de las Comunidades y Poblaciones de Macroinvertebrados del Tramo Alto del Río Manzanares a Causa de la Temperatura. Posibles Efectos del Cambio Climático. Tesis Doctoral. Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros de Montes. Universidad Politécnica de Madrid. Madrid.

Haberl, H., F. Krausmann, K.-H. Erb, N.B. Schulz, S. Rojstaczer, S.M. Sterling and N. Moore, 2002: Human appropriation of net primary production. Science, 296, 1968-1969.

Haeberli, W. and C. R. Burn, 2002: Natural hazards in forests: glacier and permafrost effects as related to climate change. Environmental Change and Geomorphic Hazards in Forest, R.C. Slide, Ed., IUFRO Research Series 9, CABI Publishing, Wallingford/New York, 167-202.

Hagg, W. and L. Braun, 2004: The influence of glacier retreat on water yield from high mountain areas: comparison of Alps and Central Asia. Climate and Hydrology in Mountain Areas, C. de Jong, R. Ranzi and D. Collins, Eds.,Wiley and Sons, New York, 338 pp.

Hajat, S., R.S. Kovats, R.W. Atkinson and A. Haines, 2002: Impact of hot temperatures on death in London: a time series approach. J. Epidemiol. Community Health, 56, 367–372.

Hajat, S., K.L. Ebi, S. Kovats, B. Menne, S. Edwards and A. Haines, 2003: The human health consequences of flooding in Europe and the implications for public health: a review of the evidence. Appl. Environ. Sci. Public Health, 1, 13-21.

Hall, J.W., R.J. Dawson, W.J.A. Walkden, R.J. Nicholls, I. Brown and A. Watkinson, 2007: Broad-scale analysis of morphological and climate impacts on coastal flood risk. Coastal Dyn.,(in press).

Hamilton, J.M., D.J. Maddison and R.S.J. Tol, 2005: Climate change and international tourism: a simulation study. Glob. Environ. Change, 15, 253-266.

Hamilton, L., P. Lyster and O. Otterstad, 2000: Social change, ecology and climate in 20th century Greenland. Climatic Change, 47, 193-211.

Hannah, L., G.F. Midgley, S. Andelman, M.B. Araújo, G. Hughes, F. Martinez-Meyer, R.G. Pearson and P.H. Williams, 2007: Protected area increase required by climate change. Front. Ecol. Environ., 5, 131-138.

Hänninen, H., 2006: Climate warming and the risk of frost damage to boreal forest trees: identification of critical ecophysiological traits. Tree Physiol., 26, 889-898.

Hansom, J.D., G. Lees, D.J. McGlashan and S. John, 2004: Shoreline management plans and coastal cells in Scotland. Coast. Manage., 32, 227-242.

Hanson, C.E, J.P. Palutikof, A. Dlugolecki and C. Giannakopoulos, 2006: Bridging the gap between science and the stakeholder: the case of climate change research. Clim. Res., 13, 121-133.

Hantel, M., M. Ehrendorfer and A. Haslinger, 2000: Climate sensitivity of snow cover duration in Austria. Int. J. Climatol., 20, 615-640.

Harrison, P.A., P.M. Berry, N. Butt and M. New, 2006: Modelling climate change impacts on species distributions at the European scale: implications for conservation policy. Environ. Sci. Pol., 9, 116-128.

Harwood, J., 2001: Marine mammals and their environment in the twenty-first century. J. Mammal., 82, 630-640.

Hassi, J., 2005: Cold extremes and impacts on health. Extreme Weather Events and Public Health Responses, W. Kirch,, B. Menne and R. Bertollini, Eds., Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Heidelberg, 59-67.

Hassi, J. and M. Rytkönen, 2005: Climate warming and health adaptation in Finland. FINADAPT Working Paper 7, Finnish Environment Institute Mimeographs 337, Helsinki, 28 pp. Accessed 1.10.2006: http://www.environment.fi/default.asp?contentid=165486&lan=en.

Haylock, M.R., G.C. Cawley, C. Harphan, R.L. Wilby and C. Goodess, 2006: Downscaling heavy precipitation over the United Kingdom: a comparison of dynamical and statistical methods and their future scenarios. Int. J. Climatol., 26, 1397-1415.

Heath, M.R., 2005: Regional variability in the trophic requirements of shelf sea fisheries in the Northeast Atlantic, 1973-2000. ICES J. Mar. Sci., 62, 1233-1244.

Hedger, M., 2005: Learning from experience: Evolving responses to flooding events in the United Kingdom. Extreme weather events and public health responses, W. Kirch, B. Menne and R. Bertollini, Eds., Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Heidelberg, 225-234.

Helms, M., B. Büchele., U. Merkel and J. Ihringer, 2002: Statistical analysis of the flood situation and assessment of the impact of diking measures along the Elbe (Labe) river. J. Hydrol., 267, 94-114.

Hennessy, E., 2002: Air pollution and short term mortality. BMJ, 324, 691–692.

Hickling, R., D.B. Roy, J.K. Hill and C.D. Thomas, 2005: A northward shift of range margins in British Odonata. Glob. Change Biol., 11, 502-506.

Hickling, R., D.B. Roy, J.K. Hill, R. Fox and C.D. Thomas, 2006: The distributions of a wide range of taxonomic groups are expanding polewards. Glob. Change Biol., 12, 450-455.

Highways Agency, 2005a: Business Plan 2005/6.

Highways Agency, 2005b: Well Maintained Highways – Code of Practice for Highway Maintenance. TSO. Retrieved 10.10.2006 from http://www.ukroadsliaisongroup.org/.

Hildén, M., H. Lehtonen, I. Bärlund, K. Hakala, T. Kaukoranta and S. Tattari, 2005: The Practice and Process of Adaptation in Finnish Agriculture. FINADAPT Working Paper 5, Finnish Environment Institute Mimeographs 335, Helsinki, 28 pp.

Hiscock, K., A. Southward, I. Tittley and S. Hawkins, 2004: Effects of changing temperature on benthic marine life in Britain and Ireland. Aquatic Conserv: Mar. Freshw. Ecosyst., 14, 333–362.

Hitz, S. and J. Smith, 2004: Estimating global impacts from climate change. Glob. Environ. Change-Human Policy Dimens. Part A, 14, 201-218.

Hock, R., P. Jansson and L. Braun, 2005: Modelling the response of mountain glacier discharge to climate warming. Global Change Series, U.M. Huber, M.A. Reasoner and H. Bugmann, Eds., Springer, Dordrecht, 243-252.

Hoelzle, M., W. Haeberli, M. Dischl and W. Peschke, 2003: Secular glacier mass balances derived from cumulative glacier length changes. Glob. Planet. Change, 36, 295-306.

Holden, N.M. and A.J. Brereton, 2002: An assessment of the potential impact of climate change on grass yield in Ireland over the next 100 years. Irish J. Agr. Food Res., 41, 213-226.

Holden, N.M. and A.J. Brereton, 2003: Potential impacts of climate change on maize production and the introduction of soybean in Ireland. Irish J. Agr. Food Res, 42, 1-15.

Holden, N.M., A.J. Brereton, R. Fealy and J. Sweeney, 2003: Possible change in Irish climate and its impact on barley and potato yields. Agric. For. Meteorol., 116, 181-196.

Holman, I.P., M.D.A. Rounsevell, S. Shackley, P.A. Harrison, R.J. Nicholls, P.M Berry and E. Audsley, 2005: A regional, multi-sectoral and integrated assessment of the impacts of climate and socio-economic change in the UK: Part I Methodology. Climatic Change, 70, 9-41.

Holtsmark, B.J. and K.H. Alfsen, 2005: PPP correction of the IPCC emission scenarios - Does it matter? Climatic Change, 68, 11-19.

Hooijer, M., F. Klijn, G.B.M. Pedroli and A.G. van Os, 2004: Towards sustainable flood risk management in the Rhine and Meuse river basins: synopsis of the findings of IRMA-SPONGE. River Res. Appl., 20, 343-357.

Howe, A.D., S. Forster, S. Morton, R. Marshall, K.S. Osborn, P. Wright and P.R. Hunter, 2002: Cryptosporidium oocysts in a water supply associated with a Cryptosporidiosis outbreak. Emerg. Infect. Dis., 8, 619–624.

Hughes, L., 2000: Biological consequences of global warming: is the signal already apparent? Trends Ecol. Evol., 15, 56-61.

Hulme, M., G. Jenkins, X. Lu, J.R. Turnpenny, T.D. Mitchell, R.G. Jones, J. Lowe, J.M. Murphy, D. Hassell, P. Boorman, R. McDonald and S. Hill, 2002: Climate Change Scenarios for the United Kingdom: The UKCIP02 Scientific Report. Tyndall Centre for Climate Change Research, University of East Anglia, Norwich,120 pp.

Hunter, P.R., 2003: Climate change and waterborne and vector-borne disease. J. Appl. Microbiol., 94, 37–46.

Hurrell, J.W., Y. Kushnir, G. Ottersen and M. Visbeck, Eds., 2003: The North Atlantic Oscillation: Climate Significance and Environmental Impact Geophysical Monograph Series 134, 279 pp.

Hurrell, J.W., M.P. Hoerling, A.S. Phillips and T. Xu, 2004: Twentieth century North Atlantic climate change. Part I: Assessing determinism. Climate Dyn., 23, 371-389.

Huynen, M.M., P. Martens, D. Schram, M.P. Weijenberg and A.E. Kunst, 2001: The impact of heatwaves and cold spells on mortality rates in the Dutch population. Environ. Health Perspect., 109, 463-470.

Huynen, M. and B.Menne, Coord., 2003: Phenology and Human Health: Allergic Disorders. Report of a WHO meeting, Rome, Italy, 16-17 Jannuary, 2003, Health and Global Environmental Change Series nº 1, WHO, Europe, 55 pp.

Hyvönen, R., G.I. ?gren and P. Dalias, 2005: Analysing temperature response of decomposition of organic matter. Glob. Change Biol., 11, 770-778.

Iglesias, A., T. Estrela and F. Gallart, 2005: Impactos sobre los recursos hídricos. Evaluación Preliminar de los Impactos en España for Efecto del Cambio Climático, J. M. Moreno, J.M, Ed., Ministerio de Medio Ambiente, Madrid, Spain, 303-353.

IMF, 2004: World Economic Outlook April2004 Advancing Structural Reforms. World economic outlook (International Monetary Fund), Washington, District of Columbia. Retrieved 02.08.2005 from http://www.imf.org.

Imhoff, M.L., L. Bounoua, T. Ricketts, C. Loucks, R. Harris and W.T. Lawrence, 2004: Global patterns in human consumption of net primary production. Nature, 429, 870-873.

Inter-Agency Commission of the Russian Federation on Climate Change, 2002: The Third National Communication of the Russian Federation. Moscow, 82-83.

IPCC, 1992: Climate Change 1992: The Supplementary Report to the IPCC Scientific Assessment. J.T. Houghton, B.A. Callander and S.K. Varney, Eds., Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 200 pp.

IPCC, 2001: Climate Change 2001: Impacts, Adaptation, and Vulnerability. Contribution of Working Group II to the Third Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, J.J. McCarthy, O.F. Canziani, N.A. Leary, D.J. Dokken and K.S. White, Eds., Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1032 pp.

Ivanov, B. and T. Maximov, Eds., 2003: Influence of Climate and Ecological Changes on Permafrost Ecosystems. Yakutsk Scientific Center Publishing House, Yakutsk, 640 pp.

Izmerov, N.F., B.A. Revich and E.I. Korenberg, Eds., 2004: Climate Change and Public Health in Russia in the XXI century. Proceeding of a workshop, Apr. 2004, Moscow, Adamant, Moscow, Russia, 260 pp.

Jacob, D., H. Goettel, J. Jungclaus, M. Muskulus, R. Podzun and J. Marotzke, 2005: Slowdown of the thermohaline circulation causes enhanced maritime climate influence and snow cover over Europe. Geophys. Res. Lett., 32, L21711, doi:10.1029/2005GL023286.

Janssen, F., J.P. Mackenbach and A.E. Kunst, 2004: Trends in old-age mortality in seven European countries, 1950-1999. J. Clin. Epidemiol., 57, 203-216.

Janssens, I.A., A. Freibauer P. Ciais, P. Smith, G.-J. Nabuurs, G. Folberth, B. Schlamadinger, R.W.A. Hutjes, R. Ceulemans, E.-D. Schulze, R. Valentini and A.J. Dolman, 2003: Europe’s terrestrial biosphere absorbs 7 to 12% of European anthropogenic CO₂ emissions. Science, 300, 1538-1542.

Jarvis, P. and S. Linder, 2000: Constraints to growth in boreal forests. Nature, 405, 904-905.

Jeppesen, E., J.P. Jensen and M. Søndergaard, 2003: Climatic warming and regime shifts in lake food webs - some comments. Limnol. Oceanogr., 48, 1346-1349.

Johansson, M.M., K.K. Kahma and H. Bowman, 2004: Scenarios for sea level on the Finnish coast. Boreal Environ. Res. 9, 153-166.

Johnson, H., R.S. Kovats, G. McGregor, J. Stedman, M. Gibbs and H. Walton, 2005: The impact of the 2003 heatwave on daily mortality in England and Wales and the use of rapid weekly mortality estimates. Euro Surveill., 10, 168-171.

Jones, G.V. and R. Davis, 2000: Climate influences on Grapewine phenology, grape composition, and wine production and quality for Bordeaux, France. Am. J. Enol. Vitic., 51, 249-261.

Jones, P.D. and A. Moberg, 2003: Hemispheric and large scale surface air temperature variations: an extensive revision and an update to 2001. J. Clim., 16, 206-223.

Jones, P.D., D.H. Lister, K.W. Jaggard and J.D. Pidgeon, 2003: Future climate impact on the productivity of sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) in Europe. Climatic Change, 58, 93-108.

Jönsson, A.M., M.J. Linderson, I. Stjernquist, P. Schlyter and L. Bärring, 2004: Climate change and the effect of temperature backlashes causing forest damage in Picea abies. Glob. Planet. Change, 44, 195-208.

Kabat, P., R.E. Schulze, M.E. Hellmuth and J.A. Veraart, Eds., 2002: Coping with Impacts of Climate Variability and Climate Change in Water Management: a Scooping Paper. DWC Report no. DWCSSO-01(2002), International Secretariat of the Dialogue on Water and Climate, Wageningen, Netherlands.

Kaipainen, T., J. Liski, A. Pussinen and T. Karjalainen, 2004: Managing carbon sinks by changing rotation length in European forests. Environ. Sci. Pol., 3, 205-219.

Kammann, C., L. Grünhage, U. Grüters, S. Janze and H.-J. Jäger, 2005: Response of aboveground grassland biomass to moderate long-term CO₂ enrichment. Basic Appl. Ecol., 6, 351-365.

Kankaanpää, S. and T.R. Carter, 2004: An Overview of Forest Policies Affecting Land Use in Europe. The Finnish Environment no. 706. Finnish Environment Institute, Helsinki. 57 pp.

Kashyap, A., 2004: Water governance: learning by developing adaptive capacity to incorporate climate variability and change. Water Sci. Technol, 7, 141-146.

Kaste, Ø., K. Rankinen and A. Leipistö, 2004: Modelling impacts of climate and deposition changes on nitrogen fluxes in northern catchments of Norway and Finland. Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 8, 778-792.

Keatinge, W.R., 2002: Winter mortality and its causes. Int. J Circumpolar Health, 61, 292-299.

Keatinge, W.R., 2003: Death in heatwaves. BMJ, 327, 512-513.

Keatinge, W.R. and G.C. Donaldson, 2004: The impact of global warming on health and mortality. South. Med. J., 97, 1093-1099.

Keatinge, W.R., G.C. Donaldson, E. Cordioli, M. Martinelli, A.E. Kunst, J.P. Mackenbach, S. Nayha and I. Vuori, 2000: Heat related mortality in warm and cold regions of Europe: observational study. BMJ, 321, 670 –673.

Keay, K. and I. Simmonds, 2006: Road accidents and rainfall in a large Australian city. Accident Anal. Prev., 38, 445-454.

Keller, K., B.M. Bolker and D.F. Bradford, 2004: Uncertain climate thresholds and optimal economic growth. J. Environ. Econ. Manage., 48, 723-741.

Kellomäki, S. and S. Leinonen, Eds., 2005: Management of European Forests under Changing Climatic Conditions. Final Report of the Project Silvistrat. University of Joensuu, Research Notes 163, Joensuu, Finland, 427 pp.

Kellomäki, S., H. Strandman, T. Nuutinen, H. Petola, K.T. Kothonen and H. Väisänen, 2005: Adaptation of Forest Ecosystems, Forest and Forestry to Climate Change. FINDAT Working Paper 4, Finnish Environment Institute Mimeographs 334, Helsinki, 44 pp.

Kirch, W., B. Menne and R, Bertollini, Eds., 2005: Extreme Weather Events and Public Health Responses. Springer Verlag, Heidelberg, 303 pp.

Kirkinen, J., A. Matrikainen, H. Holttinen, I. Savolainen, O. Auvinen and S. Syri, 2005: Impacts on the Energy Sector and Adaptation of the Electricity Network under a Changing Climate in Finland. FINADAPT, working paper 10, Finnish Environment Institute.

Kislitsin, V., S. Novikov and N. Skvortsova, 2005: Moscow smog of summer 2002. Evaluation of adverse health effects. Extreme Weather Events and Public Health Responses, W. Kirch, B. Menne and R. Bertollini, Eds.,Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Heidelberg, 255-262.

Kistemann, T., T. Classen, C. Koch, F. Dangendorf, R. Fischeder, J. Gebel, V. Vacata and M. Exner, 2002: Microbial load of drinking water reservoir tributaries during extreme rainfall and runoff. Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 68, 2188-2197.

Kjellström, E., 2004: Recent and future signatures of climate change in Europe. Ambio, 23, 193-198.

Kjellström, E., L. Bärring, D. Jacob, R. Jones and G. Lenderink, 2007: Modelling daily temperature extremes: recent climate and future changes over Europe. Climatic Change, 81, S249-S265.

Klanderud, K. and H.J.B. Birks 2003: Recent increases in species richness and shifts in altitudinal distributions of Norwegian mountain plants. The Holocene, 13, 1-6.

Klawa, M. and U. Ulbrich, 2003: A model for the estimation of storm losses and the identification of severe winter storms in Germany. Nat. Haz. Earth Syst. Sci., 3, 725-732.

Klein Tank, A.M.G., 2004. Changing Temperature and Precipitation Extremes in Europe’s Climate of the 20th Century. PhD dissertation, University of Utrecht, Utrecht, 124 pp.

Klein Tank, A.M.G. and G.P. Können, 2003. Trends in indices of daily temperature and precipitation extremes in Europe. J. Clim., 16, 3665-3680.

Klein Tank, A.M.G., J.B. Wijngaard, G.P. Konnen, R. Bohm, G. Demaree, A. Gocheva, M. Mileta, S. Pashiardis, L. Hejkrlik, C. Kern-Hansen, R. Heino, P. Bessemoulin, G. Muller-Westermeier, M. Tzanakou, S. Szalai, T. Palsdottir, D. Fitzgerald, S. Rubin, M. Capaldo, M. Maugeri, A. Leitass, A. Bukantis, R. Aberfeld, A.F.V. VanEngelen, E. Forland, M. Mietus, F. Coelho, C. Mares, V. Razuvaev, E. Nieplova, T. Cegnar, J.A. López, B. Dahlstrom, A. Moberg, W. Kirchhofer, A. Ceylan, O. Pachaliuk, L.V. Alexander and P. Petrovic, 2002: Daily dataset of 20th-century surface air temperature and precipitation series for the European Climate Assessment. Int. J. Climatol., 22, 1441-1453.

Kljuev, N.N., 2001: Russia and its Regions. Nauka, Moscow, 214 pp. (in Russian).

Klyashtorin, L., 2001: Climate Change and Long-Term Fluctuations of Commercial Catches: the Possibility of Forecasting. Rome, FAO, 86 pp.

Knight, C.G., I. Raev, and M. P. Staneva, Eds., 2004: Drought in Bulgaria: A Contemporary Analog of Climate Change. Ashgate, Aldershot, Hampshire 336 pp.

Knippertz, P., U. Ulbrich and P. Speth, 2000: Changing cyclones and surface wind speeds over the North Atlantic and Europe in a transient GHG experiment. Clim. Res., 15, 109-122.

Koca, D., S. Smith and M.T. Sykes, 2006: Modelling regional climate change effects on potential natural ecosystems in Sweden. Climatic Change, 78, 381-406.

Kont, A., J. Jaagus, R. Aunapb, U. Ratasa and R. Rivisa, 2007: Implications of sea-level rise for Estonia. J. Coast. Res., (in press).

Koppe, C., S. Kovats, G. Jendritzky and B. Menne, 2004: Heat-waves: risks and responses. Health and Global Environmental Change, SERIES, No. 2, WHO Regional Office for Europe, 123 pp.

Korenberg, E.I., 2004: Ecological preconditions of the possible influence of climate change on natural habitats and their epidemic manifestation. Climate Change and Public Health in Russia in the XXI century, N.F. Izmerov, B.A. Revich, and E.I. Korenberg, Eds., Proceeding of the workshop, April 5-6, 2004, Moscow Publishing Company Adamant, Moscow, 54-67 (in Russian).

Körner, C., 2003: Alpine Plant Life. Springer Verlag, Heidelberg, FRG. 388 pp.

Körner, C., D. Sarris and D. Christodoulakis, 2005: Long-term increase in climatic dryness in Eastern-Mediterranean as evidenced for the island of Samos. Regional Environmental Change, 5, 27-36.

Kosatsky, T., 2005: The 2003 European heatwave. Euro Surveill., 10, 148-149.

Kosatsky, T. and B. Menne, 2005: Preparedness for extreme weather among national ministries of health of WHO’s European region. Climate Change and Adaptation Strategies for Human Health, B. Menne and K.L. Ebi, Eds., Springer, Darmstadt, 297-329.

Kostiainen, K., H. Lalkanen, S. Kaakinen, P. Saranpää and E. Vapaavuori, 2006: Wood properties of two silver birch clones exposed to elevated CO₂ and O₃. Glob. Change Biol., 12, 1230-1240.

Kovats, R.S., D.H. Campbell-Lendrum, A.J. McMichael, A. Woodward and J.S. Cox, 2001: Early effects of climate change: do they include changes in vector-borne disease? Philos. Trans. Roy. Soc. London , 356, 1057-1068.

Kovats, R.S., S.J. Edwards, S. Hajat, B.G. Armstrong, K.L. Ebi, B. Menne and the collaborating group, 2004: The effect of temperature on food poisoning: a time-series analysis of salmonellosis in ten European countries. Epidemiol. Infect., 132, 443–453.

Kovats, R.S. and G. Jendritzky, 2006: Heat-waves and human health. Climate Change and Adaptation Strategies for Human Health, B. Menne and K.L. Ebi, Eds., Springer, Darmstadt, Germany. 63-90.

Kovats, R.S. and C. Tirado, 2006: Climate, weather and enteric disease. Climate change and adaptation strategies for human health, B. Menne and K.L. Ebi, Eds., Springer, Darmstadt, 269-295.

Krüger, A., U. Ulbrich and P. Speth, 2002: Groundwater recharge in Northrhine-Westfalia by a statistical model for greenhouse gas scenarios. Phys. Chem. Earth, Part B: Hydrology, Oceans and Atmosphere, 26, 853-861.

KSLA, 2004: Climate change and forestry in Sweden – a literature review. Royal Swedish Academy of Agriculture and Forestry, 143, 40.

Kuhn, K.G., D.H. Campbell-Lendrum and C.R. Davies, 2004: Tropical Diseases in Europe? How we can learn from the past to predict the future. EpiNorth, 5, 6-13.

Kull, O., I. Tulva and E. Vapaavuorvi, 2005: Consequences of elevated CO₂ and O₃ on birch canopy structure: implementation of a canopy growth model. For. Ecol. Manage., 212, 1-13.

Kullman, L., 2001: 20th century climate warming and tree-limit rise in the southern Scandes of Sweden. Ambio, 30, 72-80.

Kullman, L., 2002: Rapid recent range-margin rise of tree and shrub species in the Swedish Scandes. J. Ecol., 90, 68-77.

Kundzewicz, Z.W., M. Parry, W. Cramer, J.I. Holten, Z. Kaczmarek, P. Martens, R.J. Nicholls, M. Oquist, M.D.A Rounsevell and J. Szolgay, 2001: Europe. Climate Change 2001: Impacts, Adaptation, and Vulnerability. Contribution of Working Group II to the Third Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, J.J. McCarthy, O.F. Canziani N.A. Leary, D.J. Dokken and K.S. White, Eds.,Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 641-692.

Lake, P.S., 2000: Disturbance, patchiness, and diversity in streams. J. North. Benthol. Soc., 19, 573-592.

Lal, M., H. Harasawa, D. Murdiyarso and Co-authors, 2001: Asia. Climate Change 2001: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability. J.J. McCarthy, O.F. Canziani, N.A. Leary, D.J. Dokken and K.S. White, Eds. Contribution of Working Group II to the Third Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change., Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 533-590.

Lallana, C., W. Kriner, R. Estrela, S. Nixon, J. Leonard and J.J. Berland, 2001: Sustainable Water Use in Europe, Part 2: Demand Management. Environmental Issues Report No. 19. European Environmental Agency, Copenhagen, 94 pp.

Langner, J., R. Bergstom and V. Foltescu, 2005: Impact of climate change on surface ozone and deposition of sulphur and nitrogen in Europe. Atmos. Environ., 39, 1129-1141.

Lapenis, A., A. Shvidenko, D. Shepashenko, S. Nilsson and A. Aiyyer, 2005: Acclimation of Russian forests to recent changes in climate. Glob. Change Biol., 11, 2090-2102.

Lapin M. and K. Hlavcova, 2003: Changes in Summer Type of Flash Floods in the Slovak Carpathians due to Changing Climate. Proceedings of the International Conference on Alpine Meteorology and MPA2003 meeting, Brig, Switzerland, 66, 105-108, Meteoswiss.

Lasch, P., M. Linder, M. Erhard, F. Suckow and A. Wenzel, 2002: Regional impact assessment on forest structure and functions under climate change-the Brandenburg case study. For. Ecol. Manage., 162, 73-86.

Laternser, M. and M. Schneebeli, 2003: Long-term snow climate trends of the Swiss Alps (1931-99). Int. J. Climatol., 23, 733-750.

Lavoie, M., D. Paré and Y. Bergeron, 2005: Impact of global change and forest management on carbon sequestration in northern forested peatlands. Environ. Rev., 13, 199-240.

Learmonth, J.A., C.D. MacLeod, M.B. Santos, G.J. Pierce, H.Q.P. Crick and R.A. Robinson, 2006: Potential effects of climate change on marine mammals. Oceanogr. Mar. Biol.: An Annual Review, 44, 431-464.

Leckebusch, G.C. and U. Ulbrich, 2004: On the relationship between cyclones and extreme windstorm events over Europe under climate change. Global Planet. Change, 44, 181-193.

Lehner, B., T. Heinrichs, P. Döll and J. Alcamo, 2001: EuroWasser – Model-Based Assessment of European Water Resources and Hydrology in the Face of Global Change. Kassel World Water Series 5, Center for Environmental Systems Research, University of Kassel, Kassel, Germany.

Lehner, B., G. Czisch and S. Vassolo, 2005: The impact of global change on the hydropower potential of Europe: a model-based analysis. Energy Policy, 33, 839-855.

Lehner, B., P. Döll, J. Alcamo, H. Henrichs and F. Kaspar, 2006: Estimating the impact of global change on flood and drought risks in Europe: a continental, integrated analysis. Climatic Change, 75, 273-299.

Lenderink, G., A. Van Ulden, B. van den Hurk and E. van Meijgaard, 2007: Summertime inter-annual temperature variability in an ensemble of regional model simulations: analysis of the surface energy budget. Climatic Change, 81, S233-S247.

Levermann, A., A. Griesel, M. Hofman, M. Montoya and S. Rahmstorf, 2005: Dynamic sea level changes in thermohaline circulation. Climate Dyn., 24, 347-354.

Lexer, M.J., K. Honninger, H. Scheifinger, C. Matulla, N. Groll, H. Kromp-Kolb, K. Schadauer, F. Starlinger and M. Englisch, 2002: The sensitivity of Austrian forests to scenarios of climatic change: a large-scale risk assessment based on a modified gap model and forest inventory data. For. Ecol. Manage., 162, 53-72.

Linder, M., 2000: Developing adaptive forest management strategies to cope with climate change. Tree Physiol., 20, 299-307.

Lindgren, E. and R. Gustafson, 2001: Tick-borne encephalitis in Sweden and climate change. Lancet, 358, 16–18.

Lindgren, E. and T.G.T. Jaenson, 2006: Lyme borreliosis in Europe: Influences of climate and climate change, epidemiology, ecology and adaptation measures. Climate Change and Adaptation Strategies for Human Health, B. Menne and K.L. Ebi, Eds.,Steinkopff Verlag, Darmstadt, 157-188.

Lindgren, E. and T. Naucke, 2006: Leishmaniasis: influences of climate and climate change, epidemiology, ecology and adaptation measures. Climate Change and Adaptation Strategies for Human Health, B. Menne and K.L. Ebi, Eds.,Steinkopff Verlag, Darmstadt, 131-156.

Link, P.M. and R.S.J. Tol, 2004: Possible economic impacts of a shutdown of the thermohaline circulation: an application of FUND. Port. Econ. J., 3, 99-114.

Linkosalo, T., T.R. Carter, R. Häkkinen and P. Hari, 2000: Predicting spring phenology and frost damage risk of Betula spp. under climatic warming: a comparison of two models. Tree Physiol., 20, 1175-1182.

Lionello, P., A. Nizzero and E. Elvini, 2002: A procedure for estimating wind waves and storm-surge climate scenarios in a regional basin: the Adriatic Sea case. Clim. Res., 23, 217-231.

Livermore, M.T.J., 2005: The Potential Impacts of Climate Change in Europe: The Role of Extreme Temperatures. Ph.D. thesis, University of East Anglia, UK.

Livingstone, D.M., A.F. Lotter and H. Kettle, 2005: Altitude-dependent difference in the primary physical response of Mountain lakes to climatic forcing. Limnol. Oceanogr., 50, 1313-1325.

Llasat, M.C., 2001: An objective classification of rainfall intensity in the Northeast of Spain. Int. J. Climatol., 21, 1385-1400.

Llorens, L. and J. Peñuelas, 2005: Experimental evidence of future drier and warmer conditions affecting flowering of two co-occurring Mediterranean shrubs. Int. J. Plant. Sci., 166, 235-245.

Llorens, L., J. Peñuelas, M. Estiarte and P. Bruna, 2004: Contrasting growth changes in two dominant species of a Mediterranean shrubland submitted to experimental drought and warming. Ann. Bot., 94, 843-853.

Lloret, F., J. Peñuelas and M. Estiarte, 2004: Experimental evidence of reduced diversity of seedlings due to climate modification in a Mediterranean-type community. Glob. Change Biol., 10, 248-258.

Lloret, F., J. Peñuelas and M. Estiarte, 2005: Effects of vegetation canopy and climate on seedling establishment in Mediterranean shrubland. J. Veg. Sci., 16, 67-76.

London Climate Change Partnership, 2002: London’s Warming: The impacts of climate change in London. Technical Report. Retrieved 10.10.2006 from http://www.london.gov.uk/gla/publications/environment.jsp.

López Zafra, J.M., L. Sánchez de Tembleque and V. Meneu, 2005: Impactos sobre el sector energético. Evaluación Preliminar de los Impactos en España for Efecto del Cambio Climático, J.M. Moreno, Ed., Ministerio de Medio Ambiente, Madrid, 617-652.

Lowe, J. A. and J.M. Gregory, 2005: The effects of climate change on storm surges around the United Kingdom. Philos. Trans. Roy. Soc. London, 363, 1313-1328.

Lozano, I., R.J.N. Devoy, W. May and U. Andersen, 2004: Storminess and vulnerability along the Atlantic coastlines of Europe: analysis of storm records and of a greenhouse gases induced climate scenario. Mar. Geol., 210, 205-225.

Ludwig, W., P. Serrat, L. Cesmat and J. Dracia-Esteves, 2003: Evaluating the impact of the recent temperature increase on the hydrology of the Tét River (Southern France). J. Hydrol., 289, 204-221.

Luoto, M., R.K. Heikkinen and T.R. Carter, 2004: Loss of palsa mires in Europe and biological consequences. Environ. Conserv., 31, 30-37.

Lüscher, A., M. Daepp, H. Blum, U.E. Hartwig and J. Nösberger, 2004: Fertile temperate grassland under elevated atmospheric CO₂ - role of feed-back mechanisms and availability of growth resources. Eur. J. Agron., 21, 379-398.

Maddison, D., 2001: In search of warmer climates? The impact of climate change on flows of British tourists. Climatic Change, 49, 193-208.

Maestre, F.T. and J. Cortina, 2004: Do Positive Interactions Increase with Abiotic Stress? - a Test from a Semi-Arid Steppe. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London, Series B, 271, S331-S333

Magnani, F., L. Consiglio, M. Erhard, A. Nole, F. Ripullone and M. Borghetti, 2004: The sensitivity of Austrian forests to scenarios of climatic change: a large-scale risk assessment based on a modified gap model and forest inventory data. For. Ecol. Manage., 202, 93-105.

Maisch, M., 2000: The long-term signal of climate change in the Swiss Alps: Glacier retreat since the end of the Little Ice Age and future ice decay scenarios. Geogr. Fis. Dinam. Quat., 23, 139-151.

Malcolm, J.R., L. Canran, R.P. Neilson, L. Hansen and L. Hannah, 2006: Global warming and extinctions of endemic species from biodiversity hotspots. Conserv. Biol., 20, 538-548.

Manning, M., M. Petit, D. Easterling, J. Murphy, A. Patwardhan, H.-H. Rogner, R. Swart and G. Yohe, 2004: IPCC Workshop on Describing Scientific Uncertainties in Climate Change to Support Analysis of Risk and of Options. IPCC Working Group I Technical Support Unit, Boulder, Colorado, UNEP/WMO, 138 pp.

Maracchi, G., O. Sirotenko and M. Bindi, 2005: Impacts of present and future climate variability on agriculture and forestry in the temperate regions: Europe. Climatic Change, 70, 117-135.

Marsh, J., 2005: The implications of Common Agricultural Policy reform for farmers in Europe. Farm Policy Journal, 2, 1-11.

Martin, E. and P. Etchevers, 2005: Impact of climatic change on snow cover and snow hydrology in the French Alps. Global Change and Mountain Regions (A State of Knowledge Overview). U. M. Huber, H. Bugmann and M. A. Reasoner, Eds., Springer, New York, 235-242.

Martin, E., G. Giraud, Y. Lejeune and G. Boudart, 2001: Impact of climate change on avalanche hazard. Ann. glaciol., 32, 163-167.

Martínez-Vilalta, J. and J. Piñol, 2002: Drought induced mortality and hydraulic architecture in pine populations of the NE Iberian Peninsula. For. Ecol. Manage., 161, 247-256.

Marttila, V., H. Granholm, J. Laanikari, T. Yrjölä, A. Aalto, P. Heikinheimo, J. Honkatukia, H. Järvinen, J. Liski, R. Merivirta and M. Paunio, 2005: Finland’s National Strategy for Adaptation to Climate Change. Publications of the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry 1a/2005, 280 pp.

Materna, J., M. Daniel and V. Danielova, 2005: Altitudinal distribution limit of the tick Ixodes ricinus shifted considerably towards higher altitudes in central Europe: results of three years monitoring in the Krkonose Mts. (Czech Republic). Cent. Eur. J. Public Health, 13, 24-28.

Mayor of London, 2005: Climate Change and London’s Transport Systems: Summary Report. Greater London Authority, London. Retrieved 10.10.2006 from: http://www.london.gov.uk/climatechangepartnership/transport.jsp.

Mazhitova, G., N. Karstkarel, N. Oberman, V. Romanovsky and P. Kuhty, 2004: Permafrost and infrastructure in the Usa Basin (Northern European Russia): Possible impacts of global warming. Ambio, 3, 289-294.

McKee, D., K. Hatton, J.W. Eaton, D. Atkinson, A. Atherton, I. Harvey and B. Moss, 2002: Effects of simulated climate warming on macrophytes in freshwater microcosm communities. Aquat. Bot., 74, 71-83.

Mearns, L. O., F. Giorgi, L. McDaniel and C. Shields, 2003: Climate scenarios for the Southeastern U.S. based on GCM and regional model simulations. Climatic Change, 60, 7-35.

Medlyn, B.E., C.V.M. Barton, M. Broadmedow, R. Ceulemans, P. de Angelis, M. Forstreuter, M. Freeman, S.B. Jackson, S. Kellomäki, E. Laitat, A. Rey, P. Robernitz, B. Sigurdsson, J. Strassenmeyer, K. Wang, P.S. Curtis and P.G. Jarvis, 2001: Elevated CO₂ effect on stomatal conductance in European forest species: a synthesis of experimental data. New Phytol., 149, 247-264.

Meehl, G.A. and C. Tebaldi, 2004: More intense, more frequent, and longer lasting heatwaves in the 21st Century. Science, 305, 994-997.

Meehl, G.A., T. F. Stocker, W. Collins, P. Friedlingstein, A. Gaye, J. Gregory, A. Kitoh, R. Knutti, J. Murphy, A. Noda, S. Raper, I. Watterson, A. Weaver and Z. Zhao, 2007: Global climate projections. Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Solomon, S., D. Qin, M. Manning, Z. Chen, M. Marquis, K.B. Averyt, M. Tignor and H.L. Miller, Eds., Cambridge University Press, Cambridge and New York, 747-846.

Meier, H.E.M., B. Broman and E. Kjellström 2004: Simulated sea level in past and future climates of the Baltic Sea. Clim. Res., 27, 59-75.

Meier, H.E.M., B. Broman, H. Kallio and E. Kjellström, 2007: Projection of Future Surface Winds, Sea Levels and Wind Waves in the Late 21st Century and their Application for Impact Studies of Flood Prone Areas in the Baltic Sea Region. Geological Survey of Finland, Special Paper, Helsinki, (in press).

Mellor, P.S. and E.J. Wittmann, 2002: Bluetongue virus in the Mediterranean Basin 1998-2001. Vet. J., 164, 20-37.

Menne, B., 2005: Extreme weather events: What can we do to prevent health impacts? Extreme weather events and public health responses, W. Kirch,B. Menne and R. Bertollini, Eds.,Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Heidelberg, 265-271.

Menne, B. and K.L. Ebi, Eds., 2006: Climate Change and Adaptation Strategies for Human Health. Steinkopff Verlag, Darmstadt, 449 pp.

Menzel, A., 2003: Plant phenological anomalies in Germany and their relation to air temperature and NAO. Climatic Change, 57, 243.

Menzel, A., T.H. Sparks, N. Estrella, E. Koch, A. Aasa, R. Ahas, K. Alm-Kübler, P. Bissoli, O. Braslavska, A. Briede, F.M. Chmielewski, Z. Crepinsek, Y. Curnel, Å. Dalh, C. Defila, A. Donnelly, Y. Filella, K. Jatczak, F. Måge, A. Mestre, Ø. Nordli, J. Peñuelas, P. Pirinen, V. Remi?ová, H. Scheifinger, M. Striz, A. Susnik, A. VanVliet, F.-E. Wielgolaski, S. Zach and A. Zust, 2006a: European phenological response to climate change matches the warming pattern. Glob. Change Biol., 12, 1969-1976.

Menzel, A., T.H. Sparks, N. Estrella and D.B. Roy, 2006b: Altered geographic and temporal variability in phenology in response to climate change. Glob. Ecol. Biogeogr., 15, 498-504.

Menzel, L. and G. Bürger, 2002: Climate change scenarios and runoff response in the Mulde catchment (Southern Elbe, Germany). J. Hydrol., 267, 53-64.

Mercer, J.B., 2003: Cold - an underrated risk factor for health. Environ. Res., 92, 8-13.

Metzger, M.J., R. Leemans, D. Schröter, W. Cramer and the ATEAM consortium, 2004: The ATEAM Vulnerability Mapping Tool. Quantitative Approaches in System Analysis No. 27. Wageningen, C.T. de Witt Graduate School for Production Ecology and Resource Conservation, Wageningen, CD ROM.

Metzger, M.J., M.D.A. Rounsevell, L. Acosta-Michlik, R. Leemans and D. Schröter, 2006: The vulnerability of ecosystem services to land use change. Agr. Ecosyst. Environ., 114, 69–85.

Michelozzi, P., F. de’Donato, L. Bisanti, A. Russo, E. Cadum, M. DeMaria, M. D’Ovidio, G. Costa and C.A. Perucci, 2005: The impact of the summer 2003 heatwaves on mortality in four Italian cities. Euro Surveill., 10, 161-165.

Middelkoop, H. and J.C.J. Kwadijk, 2001: Towards an integrated assessment of the implications of global change for water management – the Rhine experience. Phys. Chem. Earth, Part B Hydrology, Oceans and Atmosphere, 26, 553-560.

Miettinen, I.T., O. Zacheus, C.H. von Bonsdorff and T. Vartiainen, 2001: Waterborne epidemics in Finland in 1998–1999. Water Sci. Technol., 43, 67–71.

Mindas, J., J. Skvarenia, J. Strelkova and T. Priwitzer, 2000: Influence of climatic changes on Norway spruce occurrence in the West Carpathians. J. Forest Sci., 46, 249-259.

Mínguez, M.I., M. Ruiz-Ramos, C.H. Díaz-Ambrona, M. Quemada and F. Sau, 2007: First-order impacts on winter and summer crops assessed with various high-resolution climate models in the Iberian Peninsula. Climatic Change, 81, S343-S355.

Ministerio de Sanidad y Consumo, 2004: Protocolo de Actuaciones de los Servicios Sanitarios ante una Ola de Calor. Ministerio de Sanidad y Consumo, Madrid, 56 pp.

Minkkinen, K., R. Korhonen, I. Savolainen and J. Laine, 2002. Carbon balance and radiative forcing of Finnish peatlands in 1900-2100-the impact of forestry drainage. Glob. Change Biol., 8, 785-799.

Mitchell, R., D. Blane and M. Bartley, 2002: Elevated risk of high blood pressure: climate and inverse housing law. Int. J. Climatol., 31, 831-838.

MNRRF, 2003: Forest Fund of Russia (according to State Forest Account by state on January 1, 2003). Ministry of Natural Resources of Russian Federation, Moscow, 637 pp.

Molyneux, D.H., 2003: Common themes in changing vector-borne disease scenarios. Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg., 97, 129-132.

Morecroft, M.D., G.J. Masters, V.K. Brown, I.P. Clark, M.E. Taylor and A.T. Whitehouse, 2004: Changing precipitation patterns alter plant community dynamics and succession in an ex-arable grassland. Funct. Ecol., 18, 648-655.

Moreira, F., F.C. Rego and P.G. Ferreira, 2001: Temporal (1958-1995) pattern of change in a cultural landscape of northwestern Portugal: implications for fire occurrence. Landsc. Ecol., 16, 557-567.

Moreno, J.M., 2005: Impactos sobre los riesgos naturales de origen climático. C) Riesgo de incendios forestales. Evaluación Preliminar de los Impactos en España por Efecto del Cambio Climático, J.M. Moreno, Ed., Ministerio de Medio Ambiente, Madrid, 581-615.

Moriondo, M., P. Good, R. Durao, M. Bindi, C. Gianakopoulos and J. Corte-Real, 2006: Potential impact of climate change on fire risk in the Mediterranean area. Clim. Res., 31, 85-95.

Moss, B., D. Mckee, D. Atkinson, S.E. Collings, J.W. Eaton, A.B. Gill, I. Harvey, K. Hatton, T. Heyes and D. Wilson, 2003: How important is climate? Effects of warming, nutrient addition and fish on phytoplankton in shallow lake microcosms. J. Appl. Ecol., 40, 782-792.

Mouillot, F., S. Rambal and R. Joffre, 2002: Simulating climate change impacts on fire- frequency and vegetation dynamics in a Mediterranean-type ecosystem. Glob. Change Biol., 8, 423-437.

Mouillot, F., J.E. Ratte, R. Joffre, J.M. Moreno and S. Rambal, 2003: Some determinants of the spatio-temporal fire cycle in a Mediterranean landscape (Corsica, France). Landsc. Ecol., 18, 665-674.

Mouillot, F., J.E. Ratte, R. Joffre, D. Mouillot and S. Rambal, 2005: Long-term forest dynamic after land abandonment in a fire prone Mediterranean landscape (Central Corsica, France). Landsc. Ecol., 20, 101-112.

Munich Re, 2002: Winter Storms in Europe (II). Munich Re, Munich, 76 pp.

Munich Re, 2004: Annual Review: Natural Catastrophes 2003. Munich Re, Munich, 60 pp.

Nabuurs, G.-J., M.-J. Shelhaus, G. M. J. Mohren and C. B. Field, 2003: Temporal evolution of the European forest sector carbon sink from 1950 to 1999. Glob. Change Biol., 9, 152-160.

Nadarajah, C. and J.D. Rankin, 2005: European spatial planning: adapting to climate events, Weather, 60, 190-194.

Nafstad, P., Skrondal and E. Bjertness, 2001: Mortality and temperature in Oslo, Norway, 1990-1995. Eur. J. Epidemiol., 17, 621-627.

Naki?enovi?, N. and R. Swart, Eds., 2000: Special Report on Emissions Scenarios. A Special Report of Working Group III of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 599 pp.

National Assessment Synthesis Team, US Global Research Program, 2001: Climate Change Impacts on the United States, The Potential Consequences of Climate Variability and Change. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.

Nelson, F.E., 2003: (Un)frozen in time. Science, 299, 1673-1675.

NHS, 2006: Heatwave Plan for England. Protecting Health and Reducing Harm from Extreme Heat and Heatwaves. Department of Health, UK.

Nicholls, R. J., 2004: Coastal flooding and wetland loss in the 21^st century: changes under the SRES climate and socio-economic scenarios. Glob. Environ. Change, 14, 69-86.

Nicholls, R.J. and R.J.T. Klein, 2004: Climate change and coastal management on Europe’s coast. Managing European Coasts, Past, Present and Future, J.E. Vermaat, L. Ledoux, K. Turner, W. Salomons and L. Bouwer, Eds., Springer, Berlin, 387 pp.

Nicholls, R.J. and A.C. de la Vega-Leinert, Eds., 2007: Implications of sea-level rise for Europe’s coasts. J. Coast. Res., Special Issue, (in press).

Niinisto, S.M., J. Silvola and S. Kellomäki, 2004: Soil CO₂ efflux in a boreal pine forest under atmospheric CO₂ enrichment and air warming. Glob. Change Biol., 10, 1363-1376.

Nilsson, C., I. Stjernquist, L. Bärring, P. Schlyter, A.M. Jönsson and H. Samuelsson, 2004: Recorded storm damage in Swedish forests 1901-2000. For. Ecol. Manage., 199, 165-173.

Nisbet, T.R., 2002: Implications of climate change: soil and water. Climate Change: Impacts on UK Forests, M. Broadmeadow, Ed., Forestry Commission Bulletin 125, Forestry Commission, Edinburgh, 53-67.

Nogueira, P.J., 2005: Examples of heat warning systems: Lisbon’s ICARO’s surveillance system, summer 2003. Extreme Weather Events and Public Health Responses, W. Kirch, B. Menne and R. Bertollini, Eds., Springer, Heidelberg, 141-160.

Nogueira, P.J., J.M. Falcão, M.T. Contreiras, E. Paixão, J. Brandão and I. Batista, 2005: Mortality in Portugal associated with the heatwave of August 2003: Early estimation of effect, using a rapid method. Euro Surveill., 10, 150-153.

Norrant, C. and A. Douguédroit, 2006: Monthly and daily precipitation trends in the Mediterranean. Theor. Appl. Climatol., 83, 89-106.

Nunes, M.C.S., M.J. Vasconcelos, J.M.C. Pereira, N. Dasgupta and R.J. Alldredge, 2005: Land cover type and fire in Portugal: do fires burn land-cover selectively? Landsc. Ecol., 20, 661-673.

OECD, 2004: Analysis of the 2003 CAP Reform. OECD publications, Paris, 50 pp.

Oerlemans, J. 2003: Climate sensitivity of glaciers in southern Norway: application of an energy-balance model to Nigardsbreen, Hellstugubreen and Alfotbreen. J. Glaciol., 38, 223-232.

Ogaya, R., J. Peñuelas, J. Martínez-Vilalta and M. Mangirón, 2003: Effect of drought on diameter increment of Quercus ilex, Phillyrea latifolia, and Arbutus unedo in a holm oak forest of NE Spain. For. Ecol. Manage., 180, 175-184.

Ohl, C.A. and S. Tapsell, 2000: Flooding and human health. BMJ, 321, 1167–1168.

Olesen, J.E. and M. Bindi, 2002: Consequences of climate change for European agricultural productivity, land use and policy. Eur. J. Agron., 16, 239-262.

Olesen, J.E. and M. Bindi, 2004: Agricultural impacts and adaptations to climate change in Europe. Farm Policy Journal, 1, 36-46.

Olesen, J.E., G. Rubæk, T. Heidmann, S. Hansen and C.D. Børgesen, 2004: Effect of climate change on greenhouse gas emission from arable crop rotations. Nutr. Cycl. Agroecosyst., 70, 147-160.

Olesen, J.E., T.R. Carter, C.H. Díaz-Ambrona, S. Fronzek, T. Heidmann, T. Hickler, T. Holt, M.I. Mínguez, P. Morales, J. Palutikof, M. Quemada, M. Ruiz-Ramos, G. Rubæk, F. Sau, B. Smith and M. Sykes, 2007: Uncertainties in projected impacts of climate change on European agriculture and terrestrial ecosystems based on scenarios from regional climate models. Climatic Change, 81, S123-S143.

Olofsson, E. and K. Blennow, 2005: Decision support for identifying spruce forest stand edges with high probability of wind damage. For. Ecol. Manage., 207, 87-98.

Oltchev, A., J. Cermak, J. Gurtz, A. Tishenko, G. Kiely, N. Nadezhdina, M. Zappa, N. Lebedeva, T. Vitvar, J.D. Albertson, F. Tatarinov, D. Tishenko, V. Nadezhdin, B. Kozlov, A. Ibrom, N. Vygodskaya and G. Gravenhorst, 2002: The response of the water fluxes of the boreal forest region at the Volga source area to climatic and land-use changes. Phys. Chem. Earth, Parts A/B/C, 27, 675-690.

Opopol, N. and A. Nicolenco, 2004: Climate change and human health: impacts, consequences, adaptation and prevention. Moldova’s Climate in XXI Century: the Projections of Changes, Impacts, and Responses, R. Corobov, Ed., Elan Poligraf, Chisinau, 254-283.

Opopol, N., R. Corobov, A. Nicolenco and V. Pantya, 2003: Climate change and potential impacts of its extreme manifestations on health. Curier Medical, 5, 6-9.

Pal, J.S., F. Giorgi and X.Q. Bi, 2004: Consistency of recent European summer precipitation trends and extremes with future regional climate projections. Geophys. Res. Lett., 31, L13202.

Páldy, A., J. Bobvos, A. Vámos, R.S. Kovats and S. Hajat, 2005: The effect of temperature and heatwaves on daily mortality in Budapest, Hungary, 1970-2000. Extreme Weather Events and Public Health Responses, W. Kirch, B. Menne and R. Bertollini, Eds., Springer, New York, 99-107.

Palmer, T.N. and J. Räisänen, 2002: Quantifying the risk of extreme seasonal precipitation events in a changing climate. Nature, 415, 512-514.

Parmesan, C. and G. Yohe, 2003: A globally coherent fingerprint of climate change impacts across natural systems. Nature, 421, 37-42.

Parry, M., Ed., 2000: Assessment of Potential Effects and Adaptations for Climate Change in Europe (ACACIA). University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK, 320 pp.

Parry, M., Ed., 2004: An assessment of the global effects of climate change under SRES emissions and socio-economic scenarios. Glob. Environ. Change, Special Issue, 14, 1-99.

Pascal, M., K. Laaidi, M. Ledrans, E. Baffert, C. Caseiro-Schönemann, A.L. Tertre, J. Manach, S. Medina, J. Rudant and P. Empereur-Bissonnet, 2006: France’s heat health watch warning system. Int. J. Biometeorol., 50, 144-153.

Paul, F., A. Kääb, M. Maish, T. Kellengerger and W. Haeberli, 2004: Rapid disintegration of Alpine glaciers observed with satellite data. Geophys. Res. Lett., 31, L21402, doi:10.1029/2004GL020816.

Pauli, H., M. Gottfried and G. Grabherr, 2001: High summits of the Alps in a changing climate. The oldest observation series on high mountain plant diversity in Europe. “Fingerprints” of Climate Change - Adapted Behaviour and Shifting Species Ranges, Walther, G.-R., C.A. Burga, P.J. Edwards, Eds., Kluwer Academic Publisher, Norwell, Massachusetts, 139-149.

Pausas, J.G., 2004: Changes in fire and climate in the eastern Iberian Peninsula (Mediterranean basin). Climatic Change, 63, 337-350.

Pedersen, M.L., N. Friberg and S.E. Larsen, 2004: Physical habitat structure in Danish lowland streams. River Res. Appl., 20, 653-669.

Penning-Rowsell, E., S. Tapsell and T. Wilson, 2005: Key policy implications of the health effects of floods.Extreme Weather Events and Public Health Responses, W. Kirch, B. Menne and R. Bertollini, Eds., Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Heidelberg, 207-223.

Peñuelas, J. and M. Boada, 2003: A global change-induced biome shift in the Montseny mountains (NE Spain). Glob. Change Biol., 9, 131-140.

Peñuelas, J., C. Gordon, L. Llorens, T. Nielsen, A. Tietema, C. Beier, B. Emmett, M. Estiarte and A. Gorissen, 2004: Non-intrusive field experiments show different plant responses to warming and drought among sites, seasons, and species in a north-south European gradient. Ecosystem, 7, 598-612.

Pereira, M.G, R.M. Trigo, C.C. da Camara, J.M.C. Pereira and S. M. Leite, 2005: Synoptic patterns associated with large summer forest fires in Portugal. Agric. For. Meteorol., 129, 11–25.

Pérez, O.M., T.C. Telfer and L.G. Ross, 2003: On the calculation of wave climate for offshore cage culture site selection: a case study in Tenerife (Canary Islands). Aquac. Eng., 29, 1-21.

Perry, A.L., P.J. Low, J.R. Ellis and J.D. Reynolds, 2005: Climate change and distribution shifts in marine fishes. Science, 308, 1912-1915.

Petriccione, B., 2003: Short-term changes in key plant communities of Central Apennines (Italy). Acta Bot. Gall., 150, 545-562.

Pinnegar, J.K., S. Jennings, C.M. O’Brien and J.L. Blanchard, 2002: Long-term changes in the trophic level of Celtic Sea fish community and fish market price distribution. J. Appl. Ecol., 39, 377-390.

Pinnegar, J.K., D. Viner, D. Hadley, S. Sye, M. Harris, F. Berkhout and M. Simpson, 2006: Alternative Future Scenarios for Marine Ecosystems. Technical Report CEFAS, Lowestoft.

Pirard, P., S. Vandentorren, M. Pascal, K. Laaidi, A. Le Tertre, S. Cassadou and M. Ledrans, 2005: Summary of the mortality impact assessment of the 2003 heatwave in France. Euro Surveill., 10, 153-156.

Polemio, M. and D. Casarano, 2004: Rainfall and Drought in Southern Italy (1821-2001). UNESCO/IAHS/IWHA, pub. 286 pp.

Pretzsch, H. and J. Dursky, 2002: Growth reaction of Norway Spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) and European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) to possible climatic change in Germany. A sensitivity study. Forstwirtschaft Centralblatt, 121, 145-154.

Price, 2005: Forests in sustainable mountain development. Global Change and Mountain Regions (A State of Knowledge Overview), U.M. Huber, H. Bugmann and M. A. Reasoner, Eds., Springer, Dordrecht, 521-530.

Pryor, S.C., R.J. Barthelmie and E. Kjellström, 2005: Potential climate change impact on wind energy resources in northern Europe: analyses using a regional climate model. Climate Dyn., 25, 815-835.

Quintana, J.R., A. Cruz, F. Fernández-González and J.M. Moreno, 2004: Time of germination and establishment success after fire of three obligate seeders in a Mediterranean shrubland of central Spain. J. Biogeogr., 31, 241-249.

Ragab, R. and C. Prudhomme, 2002: Climate change and water resource management in arid and semi-arid regions. Prospective and challenges for the 21st century. Biosystems Engineering, 81, 3-34.

Rahmstorf, S. and K. Zickfeld, 2005: Thermohaline circulation changes: a question of risk assessment. Climate Change, 68, 241-247.

Räisänen, J., U. Hansson, A. Ullerstig, R. Döscher, L.P. Graham, C. Jones, M. Meier, P. Samuelsson and U. Willén, 2004: European climate in the late 21st century: regional simulations with two driving global models and two forcing scenarios. Climate Dyn., 22, 13-31.

Randolph, S., 2002: The changing incidence of tick-borne encephalitis in Europe. Euro Surveill. Weekly, 6. Retrieved 30.10.2004 from http://www.eurosurveillance.org/ew/2002/020606.asp.

Randolph, S.E., 2004: Evidence that climate change has caused “emergence” of tick borne diseases in Europe? Int. J. Med. Microbiol., 293, 5-15.

Ray, D., G. Pyatt and M. Broadmeadow, 2002: Modelling the Future Stability of Plantation Forest Tree Species. Forestry Commission Bulletin, Forestry Commission, Edinburgh, Lothians, , No 125, 151-167.

Read, P. and T. Fernandes, 2003: Management of environmental impacts of marine aquaculture in Europe. Aquaculture, 226, 139-163.

Redfern, D. and S. Hendry, 2002: Climate Change and Damage to Trees Caused by Extremes of Temperature. Forestry Commission Bulletin No 125, Forestry Commission, Edinburgh, Lothians, 29-39.

Rehfisch, M.M. and H.Q.P. Crick, 2003: Predicting the impact of climate change on Arctic breeding waders. Wader Study Group Bull., 100, 86-95.

Reiter, P., 2000: From Shakespeare to Defoe: Malaria in England in the Little Ice Age. Emerg. Infect. Dis., 6, 1-11.

Reiter, P., 2001: Climate change and mosquito-borne disease. Environ. Health Perspect., 109, 141-161.

Reiter, P., C.J. Thomas, P.M. Atkinson, S.I. Hay, S.E. Randolph, D.J. Rogers, G.D. Shanks, R.W. Snow and A.J. Spielman, 2004: Global warming and malaria: a call for accuracy. Lancet Infect. Dis., 4, 323-324.

Revich, B.A. and D.A. Shaposhnikov, 2004: High air temperature in cities is real hazard to human health. Climate Change and Public Health in Russia in the XXI century, N.F. Izmerov, B.A. Revich and E.I. Korenberg, Eds.,Proceedings of the workshop, April 5-6, 2004, Moscow, Publishing Company “Adamant”, 175-184.

Richter, G. and M. Semenov, 2005: Re-Assessing Drought Risks for UK Crops using UKCIP02 Climate Change Scenarios. Final report of Defra Project CC0368. Retrieved 03.10.2006 from www2.defra.gov.uk/science/ project_data/DocumentLibrary/CC0368/CC0368_2604_FRP.doc

Riedo, M., D. Gyastras and J. Fuhrer, 2000: Net primary production and carbon stocks in differently managed grasslands: simulation of site-specific sensitivity to an increase in atmospheric CO₂ and to climate change. Ecol. Model., 134, 207-227.

Robinson, J., M. Bradley, P. Busby, D. Connor, A. Murray, B. Sampson and W. Soper, 2006: Climate change and sustainable development: Realizing the opportunity. Ambio, 35, 2-8.

Robinson, L. and C.L.J. Frid, 2003: Dynamic ecosystem models and the evaluation of ecosystem effects of fishing: can we make meaningful predictions? Aquat. Conserv. -Mar. Freshw. Ecosyst., 13, 5–20.

Robinson, M., A.-L. Cognard-Plancq, C. Cosandey, J. David, P. Durand, H-W. Führer, R. Hall, M.O. Hendriques, V. Marc, R. McCarthy, M. McDonell, C. Martin, T. Nisbel, P. O’Dea, M. Rodgers and A. Zollner, 2003: Studies of the impact of forests on peak flows and baseflows: a European perspective. For. Ecol. Manage., 186, 85-94.

Robinson, R.A., J.A. Learmonth, A.M. Hutson, C.D. Macleod, T.H. Sparks, D.I. Leech1, G.J. Pierce, M.M. Rehfisch and H.Q.P. Crick, 2005: Climate Change and Migratory Species. Defra Research Contract CR0302, British Trust for Ornithology Research Report 414, UK.

Rockel, B. and K. Woth, 2007: Extremes of near-surface wind speed over Europe and their future changes as estimated from an ensemble of RCM simulations. Climatic Change, 81, S267-S280.

Roderick, M.L. and S.L. Berry, 2001: Linking wood density with tree growth and environment: a theoretical analysis based on the motion of water. New Phytol., 149, 473-485.

Roessig, J.M., C.M. Woodley, J.J. Cech and L.J. Hansen, 2004: Effects of global climate change on marine and estuarine fishes and fisheries. Rev. Fish Biol. Fish, 14, 251-275.

Rogers, D.J. and S.E. Randolph, 2006: Climate change and vector-borne diseases. Advances in Parasitology, 62, 345-381.

Root, T.L., J.T. Price, K.R. Hall, S.H. Schneider, C. Rosenzweig and J.A. Pounds, 2003: Fingerprints of global warming on wild animals and plants. Nature, 421, 57-60.

Root, T.L., D.P. MacMynowski, M.D. Mastrandrea and S.H. Schneider, 2005: Human-modified temperatures induce species changes: joint attribution. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 102, 7465-7469.

Rounsevell, M.D.A., F. Ewert, I. Reginster, R. Leemans and T.R. Carter, 2005: Future scenarios of European agricultural land use. II. Projecting changes in cropland and grassland. Agric. Ecosyst. Environ., 107, 117-135.

Rounsevell, M.D.A., I. Reginster, M.B. Araújo, T.R. Carter, N. Dendoncker, F. Ewert, J.I. House, S. Kankaanpää, R. Leemans, M.J. Metzger, C. Schmidt, P. Smith and G. Tuck, 2006: A coherent set of future land use change scenarios for Europe. Agr. Ecosyst. Environ., 114, 57-68.

Rustad, L.E., J.L. Campbell, G.M. Marion, R.J. Norby, M.J. Mitchell, A.E. Hartley, J.H.C. Cornelissen and J. Gurevitch., 2001: A meta-analysis of the response of soil respiration, net nitrogen mineralization, and above-ground plant growth to experimental ecosystem warming. Oecologia, 126, 543-562.

Salvador, R., F. Lloret, X. Pons and J. Piñol, 2005: Does fire occurrence modify the probability of being burned again? A null hypothesis test from Mediterranean ecosystems in NE Spain. Ecol. Model., 188, 461-469.

Sánchez-Arcilla, A., P. Hoekstra, J.E. Jiménez, E. Kaas and A. Maldonado, 2000: Climate implications for coastal processes. Sea Level Change and Coastal Processes: Implications for Europe, D.E. Smith, S.B. Raper, S. Zerbini and A. Sánchez-Arcilla, Eds., Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, Luxembourg, 173-213.

Sánchez Carrillo, S. and M. Álvarez Cobelas, 2001: Nutrient dynamics and eutrophication patterns in a semiarid wetland: the effects of fluctuating hydrology. Water Air Soil Poll., 131, 97-118.

Sanderson, M.G., C.D. Jones, W.J. Collins, C.E. Johnson and R.G. Derwent, 2003: Effect of climate change on isoprene emissions and surface ozone levels. Geophys. Res. Lett., 30, 1936, doi:10.1029/2003GL017642.

Sand-Jensen, K. and N.L. Pedersen, 2005: Broad-scale differences in temperature, organic carbon and oxygen consumption among lowland streams. Freshw. Biol., 50, 1927-1937.

Sandvik, S.M., E. Heegaard, R. Elven and V. Vandvik, 2004: Responses of alpine snowbed vegetation to long-term experimental warming. Ecoscience, 11, 150-159.

Santos, F.D., K. Forbes and R. Moita, Eds., 2002: Climate Change in Portugal: Scenarios, Impacts and Adaptation Measures. SIAM project report, Gradiva, Lisbon, 456 pp.

Sanz Elorza, M. and E.D. Dana, 2003: Changes in the high mountain vegetation of the central Iberian Peninsula as a probable sign of global warming. Ann. Bot., 92, 273-280.

Sapozhnikov, A.P., 2003: Global and regional aspects of assessment of forest fire situation. Scientific Backgrounds of Use and Regeneration of Forest Resources in the Far East, Transactions of the Far Eastern Forestry Research Institute Vol 36, A.P. Kovalev, Ed., Khabarovsk, 127-143 (in Russian).

Sardans, J. and J. Peñuelas, 2004: Increasing drought decreases phosphorus availability in an evergreen Mediterranean forest. Plant Soil, 267, 367-377.

Sardans, J. and J. Peñuelas, 2005: Drought decreases soil enzyme activity in a Mediterranean Quercus ilex L. forest. Soil Bio. Biochem., 37, 455-461.

Sardon, J.P., 2004: Recent demographic trends in the developed countries. Population, 59, 305-360.

Schaphoff, S., W. Lucht, D. Gerten, S. Stich, W. Cramer and I.C. Prentice, 2006. Terrestrial biosphere carbon storage under alternative climate projection. Climatic Change, 74, 97-122.

Schär, C. and G. Jendritzky, 2004: Climate change: hot news from summer 2003. Nature, 432, 559-560.

Schär, C., P.L. Vidale, D. Lüthi, C. Frei, C. Häberli, M.A. Liniger and C. Appenzeller, 2004: The role of increasing temperature variability in European summer heatwaves. Nature, 427, 332-336.

Schijven, J.F. and A.M. de Roda Husman, 2005: Effect of climate changes on waterborne disease in the Netherlands. Water Sci. Technol, 51, 79-87.

Schlesinger, M.E., J. Yin, G. Yohe, N.G. Andonova, S. Malyshev and B. Li, 2007: Assessing the Risk of a Collapse of the Atlantic Thermohaline Circulation. Research Paper, Climate Research Group, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign (in press).

Schmidt, I.K., A. Tietema, D. Williams, P. Gundersen, C. Beier, B.A. Emmet and M. Estiarte, 2004: Soil solution chemistry and element fluxes in three European heathlands and their responses to warming and drought. Ecosystems, 7, 638-649.

Schneeberger, C., H. Blatter, A. Abe-Ouchi and M. Wild, 2003: Modelling change in the mass balance of glaciers of the northern hemisphere for a transient 2xCO₂ scenario. J. Hydrol., 274, 62-79.

Schneider, S.H., S. Semenov, A. Patwardhan, I. Burton, C.H.D. Magadza, M. Oppenheimer, A.B. Pittock, A. Rahman, J.B. Smith, A. Suarez and F. Yamin, 2007: Assessing key vulnerabilities and the risk from climate change. Climate Change 2007: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability. Contribution of Working Group II to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, M.L. Parry, O.F. Canziani, J.P. Palutikof, P.J. van der Linden and C.E. Hanson, Eds., Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, 779-810.

Schröter, D., W. Cramer, R. Leemans, I.C. Prentice, M.B. Araújo, N.W. Arnell, A. Bondeau, H. Bugmann, T.R. Carter, C.A. Gracia, A.C. de la Vega-Leinert, M. Erhard, F. Ewert, M. Glendining, J.I. House, S. Kankaanpää, R.J.T. Klein, S. Lavorell, M. Linder, M.J. Metzger, J. Meyer, T.D. Mitchell, I. Reginster, M. Rounsevell, S. Sabaté, S. Sitch, B. Smith, J. Smith, P. Smith, M.T. Sykes, K. Thonicke, W. Thuiller, G. Tuck, S. Zaehle and B. Zierl, 2005. Ecosystem service supply and vulnerability to global change in Europe. Science, 310, 1333 -1337.

Schumacher, S. and H. Bugmann, 2006: The relative importance of climatic effects, wildfires and management for future forest landscape dynamics in the Swiss Alps. Glob. Change Biol., 12, 1435-1450.

SECRU (Scottish Executive Central Research Unit), 2002: Review and Synthesis of the Environmental Impacts of Aquaculture. The Scottish Association for Marine Science and Napier University, Scottish Executive Central Research Unit, 80 pp.

SEEG (Scottish Executive Environment Group), 2006: Harmful Algal Bloom Communities in Scottish Coastal Waters: Relationships to Fish Farming and Regional Comparisons – A Review. Scottish Executive, Paper 2006/3.

Semenov, S.M., E.S. Gelver and V.V. Yasyukevich, 2002: Temperature conditions for development of two species of malaria pathogens in the vector organism in Russia in the 20th century. Doklady Biological Sciences, 387, 523–528. Translated from Doklady Akademii Nauk, 387, 131–136.

SEPA (Swedish Environmental Protection Agency), 2005: Change Beneath the Surface, Monitor 19: An In-depth Look at Sweden’s Marine Environment. Naturvårdsverket, Stokholm, 192 pp.

Sharp, G., 2003: Future Climate Change and Regional Fisheries: a Collaborative Analysis. Fisheries Technical Paper No.452, FAO, Rome, 75 pp.

Shaver, G.R., J. Canadell, F.S. Chapin III, J. Gurevitch, J. Harte, G. Henry, P. Ineson, S. Jonasson, J. Mellilo, L. Pitelka and L Rustad, 2000: Global warming and terrestrial ecosystems: a conceptual framework for analysis. Bioscience, 50, 871-882.

Shiyatov, S.G., M.M. Terent’ev and V.V. Fomin, 2005: Spatiotemporal dynamics of forest-tundra communities in the polar Urals. Russian J. Ecol., 36, 69-75.

Shvidenko, A. and S. Nilsson, 2003: A synthesis of the impact of Russian forests on the global carbon budget for 1961-1998. Tellus, 55B, 391-415.

Sievanen, T., K. Tervo, M. Neuvonen, E. Pouta, J. Saarinen and A. Peltonen, 2005: Nature-Based Tourism, Outdoor Recreation and Adaptation to Climate Change. FINADAPT working paper 11, Finnish Environment Institute Mimeographs 341, Helsinki, 52 pp.

Silander, J., B. Vehviläinen, J. Niemi, A. Arosilta, T. Dubrovin, J. Jormola, V. Keskisarja, A. Keto, A. Lepistö, R. Mäkinen, M. Ollila, H. Pajula, H. Pitkänen, I. Sammalkorpi, M. Suomalainen and N. Veijalainen, 2006: Climate change adaptation for hydrology and water resources. FINADAPT Working Paper 6, Finnish Environment Institute Mimeographs 336, Helsinki, 54 pp.

Simón, F., G. López-Abente, E. Ballester and F. Martínez, 2005: Mortality in Spain during the heatwaves of summer 2003. Euro Surveill., 10, 156-160.

Smith, D.E, S.B. Raper, S. Zerbini and A. Sánchez-Arcilla, Eds., 2000: Sea Level Change and Coastal Processes: Implications for Europe. Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, Luxembourg, 247 pp.

Somlyódy, L., 2002: Strategic Issues of the Hungarian Water Resources Management. Academy of Science of Hungary, Budapest, 402 pp. (in Hungarian).

Soto, C.G., 2001: The potential impacts of global climate change on marine protected areas. Rev. Fish Biol. Fish, 11, 181-195.

Sowerby, A., B. Emmet, C. Beier, A. Tietema, J. Peñuelas, M. Estiarte, M.J.M. VanMeeteren, S. Hughes and C. Freeman, 2005: Microbial community changes in heathland soil communities along a geographical gradient: interaction with climate change manipulations. Soil Bio. Biochem., 37, 1805-1813.

Stedman, J.R., 2004: The predicted number of air pollution related deaths in the UK during the August 2003 heatwave. Atmos. Environ., 38, 1087-1090.

Stevenson, D.S., F. J. Dentener, M.G. Schultz, K. Ellingsen, T.P.C. Noije, O. Wild, G. Zeng, M. Amann and C.S. Atherton, 2006: Multimodel ensemble simulations of present day and near future tropospheric ozone. J. Geophys. Res., 111, D08301, doi:10.1029/2005JD006338.

Stone, G.W. and J.D. Orford, Eds., 2004: Storms and their significance in coastal morpho-sedimentary dynamics. Mar. Geol., 210, 1-365.

Stott, P.A., D.A. Stone and M.R. Allen, 2004: Human contribution to the European heatwave of 2003. Nature, 432, 610-614.

Stouffer, R.J., J. Yin, J. M. Gregory, K. W. Dixon, M. J. Spelman, W. Hurlin, A. J. Weaver, M. Eby, G. M. Flato, H. Hasumi, A. Hu, J. Jungclause, I. V. Kamenkovich, A. Levermann, M. Montoya, S. Murakami, S. Nawrath, A. Oka, W. R. Peltier, D. Y. Robitaille, A. Sokolov, G. Vettoretti and N. Weber, 2006: Investigating the Causes of the Response of the Thermohaline Circulation to Past and Future Climate Changes. J. Clim. , 19, 1365-1387.

Straile, D., D.M. Livingstone, G.A. Weyhenmeyer and D.G. George, 2003: The response of freshwater ecosystems to climate variability associated with the North Atlantic Oscillation. The North Atlantic Oscillation: Climatic Significance and Environmental Impact, Geophysical Monograph, 134. American Geophysical Union.

Strömgren, M. and S. Linder, 2002: Effects of nutrition and soil warming on stemwood production in a boreal Norway spruce stand. Glob. Change Biol., 8, 1195-1204.

Sutherst, R.W., 2004: Global change and human vulnerability to vector-borne diseases. Clin. Microb. Rev., 17, 136–173.

Swift, L.J., R.J.N. Devoy, A.J. Wheeler, G.D. Sutton and J. Gault, 2007: Sedimentary dynamics and coastal changes on the south coast of Ireland. J. Coast. Res., SI39. (in press).

Swiss Re, 2000: Storm over Europe. Swiss Re, Zurich, 27 pp.

Szolgay, J., K. Hlavcova, S. Kohnová and R. Danihlik, 2004: Assessing climate change impact on river runoff in Slovakia.Characterisation of the Runoff Regime and its Stability in the Tisza Catchment. Proceedings of the XXIInd Conference of the Danubian Countries on the Hydrological Forecasting and Hydrological Bases of Water Management. Brno, 30 August-2 September 2004. CD-edition.

Tapsell, S.M. and S.M. Tunstall, 2001: The Health and Social Effects of the June 2000 Flooding in the North East Region. Report to the Environment Agency, Thames Region, Enfield, Middlesex University Flood Hazard Research Centre, 153 pp.

Theurillat, J.-P. and A. Guisan, 2001: Potential impact of climate change on vegetation in the European Alps: a review. Climatic Change, 50, 77-109.

Thomas, C.D., E.J. Bodsworth, R.J. Wilson, A.D. Simmons, Z.G. Davies, M. Musche and L. Conradt, 2001: Ecological and evolutionary processes at expanding range margins. Nature, 441, 577-581.

Thonicke, K. and W. Cramer, 2006: Long-term trends in vegetation dynamics and forest fires in Brandenburg (Germany) under a changing climate. Natural Hazards, 38, 283-300.

Thuiller, W., S. Lavorel, M.B. Araújo, M.T. Sykes and I.C. Prentice, 2005: Climate change threats plant diversity in Europe. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 102, 8245-8250.

Thurig, E., T. Palosuo, J. Bucher and E. Kaufmann, 2005: The impact of windthrow on carbon sequestration in Switzerland: a model-based assessment. For. Ecol. Manage., 210, 337-350.

TNS Opinion and Social, 2005: Special Eurobarometer 217: Attitudes of Europeans towards environment. European Commission, Brussels, 117 pp.

Tol, R.S.J., 2002: Estimates of the damage costs of climate change, Parts 1 & 2. Environ. Res. Econ., 21, 47-73 & 135-160.

Tol, R.S.J., 2006: Exchange rates and climate change: an application of fund. Climatic Change, 75, 59-80.

Tol, R.S.J., R.J.T. Klein and R.J. Nicholls, 2007: Towards successful adaptation to sea-level rise along Europe’s coasts. J. Coast. Res. (in press).

Tomozeiu, R., S. Stefan and A. Busuioc, 2007: Spatial and temporal variability of the winter precipitation in Romania in connection with the large-scale circulation patterns. Int. J. Climatol., (in press).

Trnka, M., M. Dubrovski and Z. Zalud, 2004: Climate change impacts and adaptation strategies in spring barley production in the Czech Republic. Climatic Change, 64, 227-255.

Tschakert, P. and L. Olsson, 2005: Post-2012 climate action in the broad framework of sustainable development policies: the role of the EU. Climate Policy, 5, 329-348.

Tsimplis, M.N., D.K. Woolf, T.J. Osbourn, S. Wakelin, J. Wolf R. Flather, P. Woodworth, A.G.P. Shaw, P. Challenor and Z. Yan, 2004a: Future changes of sea level and wave heights at the northern European coasts. Geophys. Res. Abs., 6, 00332.

Tsimplis, M.N., S.A. Josey, M. Rixen and E.V. Staney, 2004b: On the forcing of sea level in the Black Sea. J. Geophys. Res., 109, C08015, doi:10.1029/2003JC002185.

Tuck, G., J.M. Glendining, P. Smith, J.I. House and M. Wattenbach, 2006: The potential distribution of bioenergy crops in Europe under present and future climate. Biomass Bioenerg., 30, 183-197.

Turnpenny, J.R., D.J. Parsons, A.C. Armstrong, J.A. Clark, K. Cooper and A.M. Matthews, 2001: Integrated models of livestock systems for climate change studies. 2. Intensive systems. Glob. Change Biol., 7, 163-170.

UN, 2004: World population prospects. The 2004 revision population database. Vol III, Analytical Report. United Nations, New York, 194 pp.

Vajda, A., A. Venalainen, H. Tuomenvirta and K. Jylha, 2004: An estimate of the influence of climate change on heating energy demand on regions of Hungary, Romania and Finland. Q. J. of the Hungarian Meteorological Service, 108, 123-140.

Valladares, F., J. Peñuelas, and E. de Luis Calabuig, 2005: Impactos sobre los ecosistemas terrestres. Evaluación Preliminar de los Impactos en España por Efecto del Cambio Climático, J.M. Moreno, Ed., Ministerio de Medio Ambiente, Madrid, 65-112.

Valor, E., V. Meneu and V. Caselles, 2001: Daily air temperature and electricity load in Spain. J. Appl. Meteorol., 40, 1413-1421.

van der Leun, J.C. and F.R. de Gruijl, 2002: Climate change and skin cancer. Photochem. Photobiol. Sci., 1, 324-326.

van Herk, C.M., A. Aptroot and H.F. Dobben, 2002: Long-term monitoring in the Netherlands suggests that lichens respond to global warming. Lichenologist, 34, 141-154.

van Lieshout, M., R.S. Kovats, M.T.J. Livermore and P. Martens, 2004: Climate change and malaria: analysis of the SRES climate and socio-economic scenarios. Glob. Environ. Change, 14, 87-99.

van Meijl, H., T. van Rheenen, A. Tabeau and B. Eickhout, 2006. The impact of different policy environments on agricultural land use in Europe. Agr. Ecosyst. Environ., 114, 21-38.

van Pelt, W., D. Mevius, H.G. Stoelhorst, S. Kovats, A.W. van de Giessen, W. Wannet, and Y.T.H.P. Duynhoven, 2004: A large increase of Salmonella infections in 2003 in the Netherlands: hot summer or side effect of the avian influenza outbreak? Euro Surveill., 4, 17-19.

van Vliet, A.J.H., A. Overeem, R.S. de Groot, A.F.G. Jacobs and F.T.M. Spieksma, 2002: The influence of temperature and climate change on the timing of pollen release in the Netherlanders. Int. J. Climatol., 22, 1757–1767.

van Vuuren, D.P. and K.H. Alfsen, 2006: PPP versus MER: Searching for answers in a multi-dimensional debate. Climatic Change, 75, 47-57.

van Vuuren, D.P. and L.F. Bouwman, 2005: Exploring past and future changes in the ecological footprint for world regions. Ecol. Econ., 52, 43-62.

van Vuuren, D.P. and B.C. O’Neill, 2006: The consistency of IPCC’s SRES scenarios to recent literature and recent projections. Climatic Change, 75, 9-46.

Vasiliev, S.V., A.A. Titlyanova, and A.A. Velichko, Eds., 2001: West Siberian Peatlands and Carbon Cycle: Past and Present. Proceedings of the International Field Symposium, Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, 250 pp.

Vázquez, A. and J.M. Moreno, 2001: Spatial distribution of forest fires in Sierra de Gredos (Central Spain). For. Ecol. Manage., 147, 55-65.

Vellinga, M. and R.A. Wood, 2002: Global climatic impacts of a collapse of the Atlantic Thermohaline Circulation. Climatic Change, 54, 251-267.

Vellinga, M. and R.A. Wood, 2006: Impacts of thermohaline circulation shutdown in the twenty-first century. Climatic Change, doi:10.1007/s10584-006-9146-y.

Venalainen, A., B. Tammelin, H. Tuomenvirta, K. Jylha, J. Koskela, M.A. Turunen, B. Vehvilainen, J. Forsius and P. Jarvinen, 2004: The influence of climate change on energy production and heating energy demand in Finland. Ener. Environ., 15, 93-109.

Verlato, G., R. Calabrese and R. de Marco, 2002: Correlation between asthma and climate in the European Community Respiratory Health Survey. Arch. Environ. Health, 57, 48–52.

Vermaat, J.E., L. Ledoux, K. Turner, W. Salomons and L. Bouwer, Eds., 2005: Managing European Coast:, Past, Present and Future. Springer, Berlin, 387 pp.

Vincent, C., 2002: Influence of climate change over the 20^th century on four French glacier mass balance. J. Geophys. Res., 107, 4375, doi:10.1029/2001JD000832.

Viner, D., 2006: Tourism and its interactions with climate change. J. of Sustainable Tourism, 14, 317-322.

Viner, D., M. Sayer, M. Uyarra and N. Hodgson, 2006: Climate Change and the European Countryside: Impacts on Land Management and Response Strategies. Report Prepared for the Country Land and Business Association., UK. Publ., CLA, 180 pp.

Wackernagel, M., N.B. Schulz, D. Deumling, A. Callejas Linares, M. Jenkins, V. Kapos, C. Monfreda, J. Loh, N. Myers, R. Norgaard and J. Randers, 2002: Tracking the ecological overshoot of the human economy. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 99, 9266-9271.

Walkden, M.J.A. and J.W. Hall, 2005: A predictive mesoscale model of soft shore erosion and profile development. Coast. Eng., 52, 535-563.

Walther, G.-R., 2004: Plants in a warmer world. Perspective in Plant Ecology, Evolution and Systematics, 6, 169-185.

Walther, G.-R., E. Post, P. Convey, A. Menzel, C. Parmesan, T.J.C. Beebee, J.-M. Fromentin, O. Hoegh-Gudberg and F. Bairlein, 2002: Ecological responses to recent climate change. Nature, 416, 389-395.

Walther, G.-R., S. Beissner and C.A. Burga, 2005a: Trends in upward shift of alpine plants. J. Veg. Sci., 16, 541-548.

Walther, G.-R., S. Berger and M.T. Sykes, 2005b: An ecological ‘footprint’ of climate change. Proc. R. Soc. Lond. Ser. B-Biol. Sci., 272, 1427-1432.

Warren, M.S., J.K. Hill, J.A. Thomas, J. Asher, R. Fox, B. Huntley, D.B. Roy, M.G. Telfer, S. Jeffcoate, P. Harding, G. Jeffcoate, S.G. Willis, J.N. Greatorex-Davies, D. Moss and C.D. Thomas, 2001: Rapid responses of British butterflies to opposing forces of climate and habitat change. Nature, 414, 65-69.

WBGU, 2003: Climate Protection Strategies for the 21st Century. Kyoto and Beyond. ISBN, Berlin. 77 pp.

Weiland, S.K., A. Hüsing, D.P. Strachan, P. Rzehak and N. Pearce, 2004: Climate and the prevalence of symptoms of asthma, allergic rhinitis, and atopic eczema in children. Occup. Environ. Med., 61, 609–615.

Weltzin, J.F., S.D. Bridgham, J. Pastor, J.Q. Chen and C. Harth, 2003: Potential effects of warming and drying on peatland plant community composition. Glob. Change Biol., 9, 141-151.

Werkman, B.R. and T.V. Callaghan, 2002: Responses of bracken and heather to increased temperature and nitrogen addition, alone and in competition. Basic Appl. Ecol., 3, 267-275.

Werritty, A., 2001: Living with uncertainty: climate change, river flow and water resources management in Scotland. Sci. Total Environ., 294, 29-40.

Wessel, W.W., A. Tietema, C. Beier, B.A. Emmett, J. Peñuelas and T. Riis-Nielsen, 2004: A qualitative ecosystem assessment for different shrublands in Western Europe under impact of climate change. Ecosystems, 7, 662-671.

WGE, 2004: Review and Assessment of Air Pollution Effects and their Recorded Trends. Report of the Working Group on Effects of the Convention on Long-range Transboundary Air Pollution, NERC, UK.

White, A., M.G.R. Cannel and A.D. Friend, 2000: The high-latitude terrestrial carbon sink: a model analysis. Glob. Change Biol., 6, 227-246.

WHO, 2003: The health impacts of 2003 summer heat-waves. Briefing note for the Delegations of the fifty-third session of the WHO Regional Committee for Europe. World Health Organisation, Europe, 12 pp.

WHO, 2004: Extreme Weather and Climate Events and Public Health Responses. Report on a WHO meeting, Bratislava, Slovakia, Feb. 2004, World Health Organisation, WHO Regional Office for Europe, Copenhagen, 48 pp.

WHO, 2005: Health and Climate Change: the “Now and How” A Policy Action Guide. WHO Regional Office for Europe, Copenhagen, 32 pp.

WHO, 2006: 1st Meeting of the Project: Improving Public Health Responses to Extreme Weather/Heat-waves – EuroHEAT. Report on a WHO meeting, Rome, Italy, 20-22 June 2005. WHO Regional office for Europe, Copenhagen, 51 pp.

Wiek, A., C. Binder and R.W. Scholz, 2006: Functions of scenarios in transition processes. Futures, 38, 740-766.

Wielke, L.-M., L. Laimberger and M. Hantel, 2004: Snow cover duration in Switzerland compared to Austria. Meterol. Z., 13, 13-17.

Wigley, T.M.L., 2005: The climate change commitment. Science, 307, 1766-1769.

Wilby R.L. and I. Harris, 2006: A framework for assessing uncertainties in climate change impacts: Low-flow scenarios for the River Thames, UK. Water Resour. Res., 42, W02419, doi:10.1029/2005WR004065.

Wilhelmsson, L., J. Alinger, K. Spangberg, S.-O. Lundquist, T. Grahn, O. Hedenberg and L. Olsson, 2002: Models for predicting wood properties in stems of Picea abies and Pinus sylvestris in Sweden. Scandinavian J. Forest Res., 17, 330-350.

Wilkinson, P., M. Landon, B. Armstrong, S. Stevenson, S. Pattenden, T. Fletcher and M. McKee, 2001: Cold Comfort: the Social and Environmental Determinants of Excess Winter Deaths in England, 1986–96. The Policy Press, Bristol and Joseph Rowntree Foundation, York 40 pp.

Wilkinson, P., S. Pattenden, B. Armstrong, A. Fletcher, R.S. Kovats, P. Mangtani and A.J. McMichael, 2004: Vulnerability to winter mortality in elderly people in Britain: population based study. BMJ, doi:10.1136/bmj.38167.589907.55.

Williams, P.H., L. Hannah, S. Andelman, G.F. Midgley, M.B. Araújo, G. Hughes, L.L. Manne, E. Martinez-Meyer and R.G. Pearson, 2005: Planning for climate change: Identifying minimum-dispersal corridors for the Cape Proteaceae. Conserv. Biol., 19, 1063-1074.

Williams, W.D., 2001: Anthropogenic salinisation of inland waters. Hydrobiologia, 466, 329-337.

Wilson E.O., 2002: The Future of Life. Alfred A. Knoff, New York, N.Y., 229 pp.

Winkler, J.B. and M. Herbst, 2004: Do plants of a semi-natural grassland community benefit from long-term CO₂ enrichment? Basic Appl. Ecol., 5, 131-143.

Wittig, V.E., C.J. Bernacchi, X.G. Zhu, C. Calfapietra, R. Ceulemans, P. Deangelis, B. Gielen, F. Miglietta, P.B. Morgan and S.P. Ong, 2005: Gross primary production is simulated for three Populus species grown under free-air CO₂ enrichment from planning through canopy closure. Glob. Change Biol., 11, 644-656.

Wittmann, E.J. and M. Baylis, 2000: Climate change: Effects on Culicoides-transmitted viruses and implications for the UK. Vet. J., 160, 107-117.

Wolf, J. and D.K. Woolf, 2006: Waves and climate change in the north-east Atlantic. Geophysical Research Letters, 33, L06604, doi: 10.1029/2005GL025113.

Wood, R.A., M. Collins, J. Gregory, G. Harris and M. Vellinga, 2006: Towards a risk assessment for shutdown of the Atlantic thermohaline circulation. Avoiding Dangerous Climate Change, H.J. Schellnhuber, W. Cramer, N. Naki´cenovi´c, T. Wigley and G. Yohe, Eds., Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 392 pp.

Woodworth, P.L., J.M. Gregory and R.J. Nicholls, 2005: Long term sea level changes and their impacts. The global coastal ocean: multiscale interdisciplinary processes, A.R. Robinson, and K. H. Brink, Eds., Cambridge, Massachusetts, 715-753.

Woolf, D.K., P.G. Challenor and P.D. Cotton, 2002: Variability and predictability of the North Atlantic wave climate. J. Geophys. Res., 109, 3145-3158.

Woolf, D.K., A.G.P. Shaw and M.N. Tsimplis, 2003: The influence of the North Atlantic Oscillation on sea-level variability in the North Atlantic region. The Global Atmosphere-Ocean System, 9, 145-167.

Wooller, S., 2003: The Changing Climate: Impact on the Department for Transport. House Policy Consultancy for the Department for Transport, UK. Retrieved 10.10.2006 from http://www.dft.gov.uk/pgr/scienceresearch/key/thechanging-climateitsimpacto1909

World Bank, 2005: World development indicators 2004. Accessed 02.08.2005 at http://www.worldbank.org/data/databytopic/GNIPC.pdf.

Worrall, F., T.P. Burt and J.K. Adamson, 2006: Trends in drought frequency-the fate of DOC export from British peatlands. Climatic Change, 76, 339-359.

Woth, K., R. Weisse and H. von Storch, 2005: Climate change and North Sea storm surge extremes: an ensemble study of storm surge extremes expected in a changed climate projected by four different regional climate models. Ocean Dyn., doi: 10.1007/s10236-005-0024-3.

WTO, 2003: Climate Change and Tourism. Proceedings of the First international conference on climate change and tourism, 2003, World Tourism Organisation, Djerba, España, Roma, Barcelo, Alemanica, Tunisia, 55 pp.

WWF, 2004: Living Planet Report 2004. WWF- World Wide Fund for Nature (formerly World Wildlife Fund), Gland, Switzerland, 44 pp.

Yan, Z., M.N. Tsimplis and D. Woolf, 2004: Analysis of the relationship between the North Atlantic Oscillation and sea-level changes in Northwest Europe. Int. J. Climatol., 24, 743-758.

Yasukevich, V.V., 2003: Influence of climatic changes on the spread of malaria in the Russian Federation. Medical Parasitology and Parasitic Disease, 4, 27-33 (in Russian).

Yasukevich, V.V., 2004: Prediction of malaria spread in Russia in the first quarter of the 21^st century. Medical Parasitology and Parasitic Disease, 2, 31-33 (in Russian).

Yohe, G. and R.S.J. Tol, 2002: Indicators for social and economic coping capacity - moving toward a working definition of adaptive capacity. Glob. Environ. Change, 12, 25-40.

Zalidis, G.C., T.L. Crisman and P.A. Gerakis, Eds., 2002: Restoration of Mediterranean Wetlands. Hellnic Ministry of Environment, Physical Planning and Public Works, Athens and Greek Biotope/Wetland Centre, Thermi, 237 pp.

Zebisch, M., T. Grothmann, D. Schröter, C. Hasse, U. Fritsch and W. Cramer, 2005: Climate Change in Germany – Vulnerability and Adaptation of Climate Sensitive Sectors. Umweltbundesamt Climate Change 10/05 (UFOPLAN 201 41 253), Dessau, 205 pp.

Zeidelman, F.P. and A.P. Shvarov, 2002: Pyrogenic and Hydrothermal Degradation of Peat Soils, their Agroecology, Sand Cultures and Restoration. Moscow State University, Moscow, 166 pp. (in Russian)

Zheng, D., M. Freeman, J. Bergh, I. Rosberg and P. Nilsen. 2002: Production of Picea abies in south-east Norway in response to climate change: a case study using process-based model simulation with field validation. Scand. J. Forest Res., 17, 35-46.

Zierl, B. and H. Bugmann, 2005: Global change impacts on hydrological processes in Alpine catchments. Water Resour. Res., 41, 1-13.

Zvereva, E.L. and M.V. Kozlov, 2006: Consequences of simultaneous elevation of carbon dioxide and temperature for plant–herbivore interactions: a metaanalysis. Glob. Change Biol., 12, 27-41.