References
ACIA, 2005: Impacts of a Warming Arctic: Arctic Climate Impacts Assessment. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1042 pp.
Adger, W.N., 2001: Scales of governance and environmental justice for adaptation and mitigation of climate change. Journal of International Development, 13, 921-931.
Alcamo, J., M. Flörke and M. Märker, 2007: Future long-term changes in global water resources driven by socio-economic and climatic change. Hydrol. Sci. J., 52, 247-275.
Allen, M., S. Raper and J. Mitchell, 2001: Climate change: uncertainty in the IPCC’s Third Assessment Report. Science, 293, 430-433.
Alley, R.B., J. Marotzke, W.D. Nordhaus, J.T. Overpeck, D.M. Peteet, R.A. Pielke, R.T. Pierrehumbert, P.B. Rhines, T.F. Stocker, L.D. Talley and J.M. Wallace, 2003: Abrupt climate change. Science, 299, 2005-2010.
Alley, R.B., P.U. Clark, P. Huybrechts and I. Joughin, 2005: Ice-sheet and sea-level changes. Science, 310, 456-460.
Angert, A., S. Biraud, C. Bonfils, C.C. Henning, W. Buermann, J. Pinzon, C.J. Tucker and I. Fung, 2005: Drier summers cancel out the CO2 uptake enhancement induced by warmer springs. P. Natl. Acad. Sci., 102, 10823–10827.
Apuuli, B., J. Wright, C. Elias and I. Burton, 2000: Reconciling national and global priorities in adaptation to climate change: an illustration from Uganda. Environ. Monit. Assess., 61, 145-159.
Archer, D. and B. Buffett, 2005: Time-dependent response of the global ocean clathrate reservoir to climatic and anthropogenic forcing. Geochem. Geophy. Geosy., 6, 1525-2027.
Arnell, N.W., 2004: Climate change and global water resources: SRES emissions and socio-economic scenarios. Global Environ. Chang., 14, 31-52.
Arnell, N.W., E.L. Tompkins and W.N. Adger, 2005: Eliciting information from experts on the likelihood of rapid climate change. Risk Anal., 25, 1419-1431.
Azar, C., 1998: Are optimal emissions really optimal: four critical issues for economists in the greenhouse. Environ. Resour. Econ., 11, 301-315.
Azar, C. and T. Sterner, 1996: Discounting and distributional considerations in the context of climate change, Ecol. Econ., 19, 169-185.
Azar, C. and K. Lindgren, 2003: Catastrophic events and stochastic cost-benefit analysis of climate change. Climatic Change, 56, 245-255.
Bacastow, R.B., J.A. Adams, C.D. Keeling, D.J. Moss, T.P. Whorf and C.S. Wong, 1980: Atmospheric carbon dioxide, the Southern Oscillation and the weak 1975 El Niño. Science, 210, 66-68.
Baranzini, A., M. Chesney and J. Morisset, 2003: The impact of possible climate catastrophes on global warming policies. Energ. Policy, 31, 691-701.
Barnett, J., 2003: The relation between environmental security and climate change is discussed. Global Environ. Chang., 13, 7-17.
Barnett, J. and W.N. Adger, 2003: Climate dangers and atoll countries, Climatic Change, 61, 321-337.
Bazermann, M., 2005: Climate change as a predictable surprise. Climatic Change, 77, 179–193.
Bellamy, P.H., P.J. Loveland, R.I. Bradley, R.M. Lark and G.J.D. Kirk, 2005: Carbon losses from all soils across England and Wales 1978–2003. Nature, 437, 245–248.
Berger, J.O. and D.O. Berry, 1988: Statistical analysis and the illusion of objectivity. Am. Sci., 76, 159-165.
Bindoff, N., J. Willebrand, V. Artale, A. Cazenave, J. Gregory, S. Gulev, K. Hanawa, C.L. Quéré, S. Levitus, Y. Nojiri, C.K. Shum, L. Talley and A. Unnikrishnan, 2007: Observations: oceanic climate change and sea level. Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science Basis. Working Group I Contribution to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Fourth Assessment Report, S. Solomon, D. Qin, M. Manning, Z. Chen, M. Marquis, K. B. Averyt, M. Tignor and H. L. Miller, Eds., Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 385-432.
Brovkin V., J. Bendtsen, M. Claussen, A. Ganopolski, C. Kubatzki, V. Petoukhov and A. Andreev, 2002: Carbon cycle, vegetation and climate dynamics in the Holocene: experiments with the CLIMBER-2 model. Global Biogeochem. Cy., 16, 1139, doi:10.1029/2001GB001662.
Bruckner, T. and K. Zickfeld, 2004: Low risk emissions corridors for safeguarding the Atlantic thermohaline circulation. Paper presented at the Expert Workshop “Abrupt Climate Change Strategy”, Paris, 30 September - 1 October 2004. http://www.accstrategy.org/draftpapers/ACCSbrucknerzickfeld.pdf.
Bunyavanich, S., C. Landrigan, A.J. McMichael and P.R. Epstein, 2003: The impact of climate change on child health. Ambul. Pediatr., 3, 44–52.
Burton, I., 2004: Climate change and the adaptation deficit. Occasional Paper No. 1. Adaptation and Impacts Research Group, Meteorological Service of Canada, Downsview.
Burton, I. and E. May, 2004: The adaptation deficit in water resource management. IDS Bull., 35, 31-37.
Burton, I. and B. Lim, 2005: Achieving adequate adaptation in agriculture. Climatic Change, 70, 191-200.
Cai, W., P.H. Whetton and D.J. Karoly, 2003: The response of the Antarctic Oscillation to increasing and stabilized atmospheric CO2. J. Climate, 16, 1525-1538.
Cane, M.A., G. Eshel and R.W. Buckland, 1994: Forecasting Zimbabwean maize yield using eastern equatorial Pacific sea-surface temperature. Nature, 370, 204-205.
Cary, G.J., 2002: Importance of a changing climate for fire regimes in Australia. Flammable Australia: The Fire Regimes and Biodiversity of a Continent, R.A. Bradstock, J.E. Williams and A.M. Gill, Eds., Cambridge University Press, New York, 26-49.
Challenor, P.G., R.K.S. Hankin and R. March, 2006: Towards the probability of rapid climate change. Avoiding Dangerous Climate Change, H.-J. Schellnhuber, W. Cramer, N. Nakićenović, T.M.L. Wigley and G. Yohe, Eds., Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 55-64.
Christensen, J.H., B. Hewitson, A. Busuioc, A. Chen, X. Gao, I. Held, R. Jones, R.K. Kolli, W.-T. Kwon, R. Laprise, V. Magaña Rueda, L. Mearns, C.G. Menéndez, J. Räisänen, A. Rinke, A. Sarr and P. Whetton, 2007: Regional climate projections. Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, S. Solomon, D. Qin, M. Manning, Z. Chen, M. Marquis, K.B. Averyt, M. Tignor and H.L. Miller, Eds., Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 847-940.
Cicerone, R.J., 2006: Geoengineering: encouraging research and overseeing implementation. Climatic Change, 77, 221-226.
Claussen, M., C. Kubatzki, V. Brovkin, A. Ganopolski, P. Hoelzmann and H.J. Pachur, 1999: Simulation of an abrupt change in Saharan vegetation at the end of the mid-Holocene. Geophys. Res. Lett., 24, 2037-2040.
Climate Risk Management Limited, 2005: The Financial Risks of Climate Change. Climate Risk Management Ltd, Southwell, Nottinghamshire, 125 pp.
Cline, W.R., 1996: The impact of global warming on agriculture: comment. Am. Econ. Rev., 86, 1309-1311.
Cole, J.E., J.T. Overpeck and E.R. Cook, 2002: Multiyear La Niña events and persistent drought in the contiguous United States. Geophys. Res. Lett., 29, doi:10.1029/2001GL013561.
Corfee-Morlot, J. and N. Höhne, 2003. Climate change: long-term targets and short-term commitments. Global Environ. Chang., 13, 277-293.
Corfee-Morlot, J. and S. Agrawala, 2004: Overview. The Benefits of Climate Change Policies: Analytical and Framework Issues, J. Corfee-Morlot and S. Agrawala, Eds., OECD, Paris, 9-30.
Cowling, S.A., R.A. Betts, P.M. Cox, V.J. Ettwein, C.D. Jones, M.A. Maslin and S.A. Spall, 2004: Contrasting simulated past and future responses of the Amazonian forest to atmospheric change. Philos. T. Roy. Soc. B, 359, 539 – 547.
Crutzen, P.J., 2006: Albedo enhancement by stratospheric sulfur injections: a contribution to resolve a policy dilemma? Climatic Change, 77, 211-220.
Cubasch, U., G.A. Meehl, G.J. Boer, R.J. Stouffer, M. Dix, A. Noda, C.A. Senior, S. Raper and K.S. Yap, 2001: Projections of future climate change. Climate Change 2001: The Scientific Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Third Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, J.T. Houghton, Y. Ding, D.J. Griggs, M. Noguer, P.J. van der Linden, X. Dai, K. Maskell and C.A. Johnson, Eds., Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 525-582.
Denman, K.L., G. Brasseur, A. Chidthaisong, P. Ciais, P.M. Cox, R.E. Dickinson, D. Hauglustaine, C. Heinze, E. Holland, D. Jacob, U. Lohmann, S. Ramachandran, P.L. da Silva Dias, S.C. Wofsy and X. Zhang, 2007: Couplings between changes in the climate system and biogeochemistry. Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, S. Solomon, D. Qin, M. Manning, Z. Chen, M. Marquis, K.B. Averyt, M. Tignor and H.L. Miller, Eds., Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 499-588.
Denton, F., 2002: Climate change vulnerability, impacts and adaptation: why does gender matter? Gender and Development, 10, 10-20.
Dessai, S., W.N. Adger, M. Hulme, J. Turnpenny, J. Köhler and R. Warren, 2004: Defining and experiencing dangerous climate change. Climatic Change, 64, 11-25.
Dickens, G.R., 2001: Modeling the global carbon cycle with gas hydrate capacitor: significance for the latest Paleocene thermal maximum. Natural Gas Hydrates: Occurrence, Distribution, and Detection, C.K. Paull and W.P. Dillon, Eds., Geophysical Monograph 124. American Geophysical Union, Washington, District of Columbia, 19-38.
Eastman, J.L., M.B. Coughenour, R.A. Pielke, 2001: The regional effects of CO2 and landscape change using a coupled plant and meteorological model. Glob. Change Biol., 7, 797-815.
ECF, 2004: Report on the Beijing Symposium on Article 2. European Climate Forum and Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research. http://ecf.pik-potsdam.de/docs/papers/ECF_beijing_results.pdf.
Elasha, B.O., M. Medany, I. Niang-Diop, T. Nyong, R. Tabo and C. Vogel, 2006: Impacts, vulnerability and adaptation to climate change in Africa. Background Paper for the African Workshop on Adaptation Implementation of Decision 1/CP.10 of the UNFCCC Convention, UNFCCC, 54 pp. http://www.envirosecurity.org/activities/science/nairobi2006/Africa.pdf.
Emanuel, K., 2005: Increasing destructiveness of tropical cyclones over the past 30 years. Nature, 436, 686-688.
Enting I.G., T.M.L. Wigley and M. Heimann, 1994: Future emissions and concentrations of carbon dioxide: key ocean/atmosphere/land analyses. CSIRO Technical Paper No. 31. http://www.dar.csiro.au/information/techpapers.html.
Fankhauser, S. and R.S.J. Tol, 2005: On climate change and economic growth. Resour. Energy Econ., 27, 1-17.
Fankhauser, S., R.S.J. Tol and D.W. Pearce, 1997: The aggregation of climate change damages: a welfare theoretic approach. Environ. Resour. Econ., 10, 249–266.
Fedorov, A.V. and S.G. Philander, 2000: Is El Niño changing? Science, 288, 1997-2002.
Fedorov, A.V., P.S. Dekens, M. McCarthy, A.C. Ravelo, P.B. deMenocal, M. Barreiro, R.C. Pacanowski and S.G. Philander, 2006: The Pliocene paradox (mechanisms for a permanent El Niño). Science, 312, 1485-1489.
Feely, R.A., C.L. Sabine, K. Lee, W. Berelson, J. Kleypas, V.J. Fabry and F.J. Millero, 2004: Impact of anthropogenic CO2 on the CaCO3 system in the oceans. Science, 305, 362-366.
Fisher, B.S. and Co-authors, 2007: Issues related to mitigation in the long-term context. Climate Change 2007: Mitigation. Contribution of Working Group III to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, B. Metz, O. Davidson, P. Bosch, R. Dave and L. Meyer, Eds., Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK.
Folland, C.K., N.A. Rayner, S.J. Brown, T.M. Smith, S.S.P. Shen, D.E. Parker, I. Macadam, P.D. Jones, R.N. Jones, N. Nicholls and D.M.H. Sexton, 2001: Global temperature change and its uncertainties since 1861. Geophys. Res. Lett., 28, 2621-2624.
Forster, P., V. Ramaswamy, P. Araxo, T. Berntsen, R.A. Betts, D.W. Fahey, J. Haywood, J. Lean, D.C. Lowe, G. Myhre, J. Nganga, R. Prinn, G. Raga, M. Schulze and R. Van Dorland, 2007: Changes in atmospheric constituents and in radiative forcing. Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, S. Solomon, D. Qin, M. Manning, Z. Chen, M. Marquis, K.B. Averyt, M. Tignor and H.L. Miller, Eds., Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 129-234.
Frame, D.J., D.A. Stone, P.A. Stott and M.R. Allen, 2006: Alternatives to stabilization scenarios. Geophys. Res. Lett., 33, L14707, doi:10.1029/2006GL025801.
Friedlingstein, P., J.-L. Dufresne, P.M. Cox and P. Rayner, 2003: How positive is the feedback between climate change and the carbon cycle? Tellus B, 55, 692-700.
Füssel, H.-M. and R.J.T. Klein, 2006: Climate change vulnerability assessments: an evolution of conceptual thinking. Climatic Change, 75, 301-329.
Füssel, H.-M., F.L. Toth, J.G. van Minnen and F. Kaspar, 2003: Climate impact response functions as impact tools in the tolerable windows approach. Climatic Change, 56, 91-117.
Fyfe, J.C., G.J. Boer and G.M. Flato, 1999: The Arctic and Antarctic Oscillations and their projected changes under global warming. Geophys. Res. Lett., 26, 1601-1604.
Gardiner, S.M., 2004: Ethics and global climate change. Ethics, 114, 555-600.
Gardiner, S.M., 2006: A perfect moral storm: climate change, intergenerational ethics and the problem of moral corruption. Environmental Values, 15, 397-413.
Gillett, N.P., F.W. Zwiers, A.J. Weaver and P.A. Stott, 2003: Detection of human influence on sea-level pressure. Nature, 422, 292-294.
Goklany, I.M., 2002: From precautionary principle to risk-risk analysis. Nat. Biotechnol., 20, 1075.
Grubler, A. and N. Nakićenović, 2001: Identifying dangers in an uncertain climate. Nature, 412, 15.
Gupta, J., O. Xander and E. Rotenberg, 2003: The role of scientific uncertainty in compliance with the Kyoto Protocol to the Climate Change Convention. Environ. Sci. Policy, 6, 475-486.
Hall, D.C. and R.J. Behl, 2006: Integrating economic analysis and the science of climate instability. Ecol. Econ., 57, 442-465.
Hall, J.W., Fu, G. and Lawry, J., 2006: Imprecise probabilities of climate change: aggregation of fuzzy scenarios and model uncertainties. Climatic Change, 81, 265-281.
Hallegatte S., J.-C. Hourcade and P. Dumas, 2007: Why economic dynamics matter in the assessment of climate change damages: illustration on extreme events. Ecol. Econ., 62, 330-340.
Halsnaes, K. and co-authors, 2007: Framing issues. Climate Change 2007: Mitigation. Contribution of Working Group III to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, B. Metz, O. Davidson, P. Bosch, R. Dave and L. Meyer, Eds., Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK.
Hamilton, J.M., D.J. Maddison and R.S.J. Tol, 2005: Climate change and international tourism: a simulation study. Global Environ. Chang., 15, 253-266.
Hammitt, J.K., 1999: Evaluation endpoints and climate policy: Atmospheric stabilization, benefit-cost analysis, and near-term greenhouse-gas emissions. Climatic Change, 41, 447-468.
Hammitt, J.K. and A.I. Shlyakhter, 1999: The expected value of information and the probability of surprise. Risk Anal., 19, 135-52.
Hammitt, J.K., R.J. Lempert and M.E. Schlesinger, 1992: A sequential-decision strategy for abating climate change. Nature, 357, 315-318.
Hanemann, W.M., 2000: Adaptation and its measurement: an editorial comment. Climatic Change, 45, 571-581.
Hansen, J., 2005: A slippery slope: how much global warming constitutes “dangerous anthropogenic interference?” Climatic Change, 68, 269-279.
Hare, B. and M. Meinshausen, 2005: How much warming are we committed to and how much can be avoided? Climatic Change, 75, 111-149.
Hare, W., 2003: Assessment of Knowledge on Impacts of Climate Change: Contribution to the Specification of Article 2 of the UNFCCC. Wissen, Berlin, 106 pp. http://www.wbgu.de/wbgu_sn2003_ex01.pdf.
Hartmann, D.L., J.M. Wallace, V. Limpasuvan, D.W.J. Thompson and J.R. Holton, 2000: Can ozone depletion and global warming interact to produce rapid climate change? P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 97, 1412-1417.
Harvey, L.D.D., 2004: Declining temporal effectiveness of carbon sequestration: implications for compliance with the United National Framework Convention on Climate Change. Climatic Change, 63, 259-290.
Harvey, L.D.D., 2006: Uncertainties in global warming science and near-term emission policies. Clim. Policy, 6, 573-584.
Harvey, L.D.D., 2007: Allowable CO2 concentrations under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change as a function of the climate sensitivity PDF. Environ. Res. Lett., 2, doi:10.1088/1748-9326/2/1/014001.
Harvey, L.D.D. and Z. Huang, 1995: Evaluation of the potential impact of methane clathrate destabilization on future global warming. J. Geophys. Res., 100, 2905–2926.
Hegerl, G.C., F.W. Zwiers, P. Braconnot, N.P. Gillett, Y. Luo, J.A. Marengo Orsini, N. Nicholls, J.E. Penner and P.A. Stott, 2007: Understanding and attributing climate change. Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, S. Solomon, D. Qin, M. Manning, Z. Chen, M. Marquis, K.B. Averyt, M. Tignor and H.L. Miller, Eds. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 663-746.
Higgins, P.A.T. and M. Vellinga, 2004: Ecosystem responses to abrupt climate change: teleconnections, scale and the hydrological cycle. Climatic Change, 64, 127-142.
Higgins, P.A.T. and S.H. Schneider, 2005: Long-term potential ecosystem responses to greenhouse gas-induced thermohaline circulation collapse. Glob. Change Biol., 11, 699-709.
Higgins, P.A.T., M.D. Mastrandrea and S.H. Schneider, 2002: Dynamics of climate and ecosystem coupling: abrupt changes and multiple equilibria. Philos. T. Roy. Soc. B, 357, 647-655.
Hitz, S. and J.B. Smith: 2004: Estimating global impacts from climate change. Global Environ. Chang., 14, 201-218.
Hope, C., 2006: The marginal impact of CO2 from PAGE2002: an integrated assessment model incorporating the IPCC’s five reasons for concern. Integrated Assessment Journal, 6, 19-56.
Hughes, T.P., and Co-authors, 2003: Climate change, human impacts, and the resilience of coral reefs. Science, 301, 929-933.
Huq, S., A. Rahman, M. Konate, Y. Sokona and H. Reid, 2003: Mainstreaming adaptation to climate change in Least Developed Countries. IIED (International Institute for Environment and Development), London, 42 pp. http://www.un.org/special-rep/ohrlls/ldc/LDCsreport.pdf.
IPCC, 1996. Climate Change 1995: Impacts, Adaptation, and Mitigation of Climate Change. Scientific-Technical Analyses. Report of Working Group II. Contribution of Working Group II to the Second Assessment of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, R.T. Watson, M.C. Zinyowera, R.H.Moss, Eds., Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 878 pp.
IPCC, 2001a: Climate Change 2001: Impacts, Adaptation, and Vulnerability. Contribution of Working Group II to the Third Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, J.J. McCarthy, O.F. Canziani, N.A. Leary, D.J. Dokken and K.S. White, Eds., Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1032 pp.
IPCC, 2001b: Synthesis report 2001: Contribution of Working Groups I, II, and III to the Third Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, R.T. Watson and the core writing team, Eds., Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 397 pp.
IPCC, 2007a: Summary for policymakers. Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, S. Solomon, D. Qin, M. Manning, Z. Chen, M. Marquis, K.B. Averyt, M. Tignor and H.L. Miller, Eds., Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1-18.
IPCC, 2007b: Summary for policymakers. Climate Change 2007: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability. Contribution of Working Group II to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, M.L. Parry, O.F. Canziani, J.P. Palutikof, P.J. van der Linden and C.E. Hanson, Eds., Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 7-22.
Izrael Y.A., 2004: On the concept of dangerous anthropogenic interference with the climate system and capacities of the biosphere (in Russian). Meteorol. Hydrol., 4, 30-37.
Izrael Y.A., 2005: Efficient ways for keeping climate at the present level: the main aim of the climate problem solution (in Russian). Meteorol. Hydrol., 10, 5-9.
Izrael Y.A. and S.M. Semenov, 2005: Calculations of a change in CO2 concentration in the atmosphere for some stabilization scenarios of global emissions using a model of minimal complexity (in Russian). Meteorol. Hydrol., 1, 1-8.
Izrael Y.A. and S.M. Semenov, 2006: Critical levels of greenhouse gases, stabilization scenarios, and implications for the global decisions. Avoiding Dangerous Climate Change, H.-J. Schellnhuber, W. Cramer, N. Nakićenović, T.M.L. Wigley and G. Yohe, Eds., Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 73-79.
Jacoby, H.D., 2004: Informing climate policy given incommensurable benefits estimates. Global Environ. Chang., 14, 287-297.
Jamieson, D., 1992: Ethics, public policy and global warming. Sci. Technol. Hum. Val., 17, 139-153.
Jamieson, D., 1996: Ethics and intentional climate change. Climatic Change, 33, 323-336.
Jansen, E., J. Overpeck, K.R. Briffa, J.-C. Duplessy, F. Joos, V. Masson-Delmotte, D. Olago, B. Otto-Bliesner, W.R. Peltier, S. Rahmstorf, R. Ramesh, D. Raynaud, D. Rind, O. Solomina, R. Villalba and D. Zhang, 2007: Paleoclimate. Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, S. Solomon, D. Qin, M. Manning, Z. Chen, M. Marquis, K.B. Averyt, M. Tignor and H.L. Miller, Eds., Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 433-497.
Jones, R.N., 2001: An environmental risk assessment/management framework for climate change impact assessments. Nat. Hazards, 23, 197-230.
Jones, R.N., 2003: Managing climate change risks. OECD Workshop: Benefits of Climate Policy: Improving Information for Policy Makers, Paris, 12-13 December 2002. OECD, Paris, 37 pp. http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/6/12/19519189.pdf.
Kaufmann, R., 1998. The impact of climate change on US agriculture: a response to Mendelsohn et al. (1994). Ecol. Econ., 26, 113-119.
Keller, K., K. Tan, F.M.M. Morel and D.F. Bradford, 2000: Preserving the ocean circulation: implications for climate policy. Climatic Change, 47, 17-43.
Keller, K., B.M. Bolker and D.F. Bradford, 2004: Uncertain climate thresholds and optimal economic growth. J. Environ. Econ. Manag., 48, 723-741.
Keller, K., M. Hall, S.-R. Kim, D.F. Bradford and M. Oppenheimer, 2005: Avoiding dangerous anthropogenic interference with the climate system, Climatic Change, 73, 227-238.
Kemfert, C., 2006: An integrated assessment of economy, energy and climate: the model WIAGEM – A reply to Comment by Roson and Tol. Integrated Assessment Journal, 6, 45-49.
Kenny, G.J., R.A. Warrick, B.D. Campbell, G.C. Sims, M. Camilleri, P.D. Jamieson and N.D. Mitchell, 2000: Investigating climate change impacts and thresholds: an application of the CLIMPACTS integrated assessment model for New Zealand agriculture. Climatic Change, 46, 91–113.
Kheshgi, H.S., 2004: Evasion of CO2 injected into the ocean in the context of CO2 stabilization. Energy, 29, 1479–1486.
Kheshgi, H.S., S.J. Smith, J.A. Edmonds, 2005: Emissions and atmospheric CO2 stabilization: long-term limits and paths. Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change, 10, 213–220.
Kiehl, J.T., 2006: Geoengineering climate change: treating the symptom over the cause? Climatic Change, 77, 227-228.
Knutti, R., F. Joos, S.A. Müller, G.-K. Plattner, T.F. Stocker, 2005: Probabilistic climate change projections for stabilization profiles. Geophys. Res. Lett., 32, L20707, doi:10.1029/2005GL023294.
Kuhnel, I. and L. Coates, 2000: El Niño-Southern Oscillation: related probabilities of fatalities from natural perils in Australia. Nat. Hazards, 22, 117-138.
Kushner, P.J., I.M. Held, T.L. Delworth, 2001: Southern hemisphere atmospheric circulation response to global warming. J. Climate, 14, 2238-2249.
Kuzmina, S.I., L. Bengtsson, O.M. Johannessen, H. Drange, L.P. Bobylev and M.W. Miles, 2005: The North Atlantic Oscillation and greenhouse-gas forcing. Geophys. Res. Lett., 32, L04703, doi:10.1029/2005GL023294.
Lambrou, Y. and R. Laub, 2004: Gender Perspectives on the Conventions on Biodiversity, Climate Change and Desertification. Gender and Development Service, FAO Gender and Population Division, http://www.unisdr.org/eng/risk- reduction/gender/gender-perspectives-FAO.doc.
Langmann, B. and A. Heil, 2004: Release and dispersion of vegetation and peat fire emissions in the atmosphere over Indonesia 1997–1998. Atmos. Chem. Phys., 4, 2145-2160.
Latif, M., E. Roeckner, U. Mikolajewski and R. Voss, 2000: Tropical stabilization of the thermohaline circulation in a greenhouse warming simulation. J. Climate, 13, 1809-1813.
Leemans, R. and B. Eickhout, 2003: Analysing changes in ecosystems for different levels of climate change. O ECD, Paris, 28 pp. http://www.oecd.org /dataoecd/6/29/2483789.pdf.
Leemans, R. and B. Eickhout, 2004: Another reason for concern: regional and global impacts on ecosystems for different levels of climate change. Global Environ. Chang., 14, 219-228.
Legler, D.M., K.J. Bryant and J.J. O’Brien, 1999: Impact of ENSO-related climate anomalies on crop yields in the US. Climatic Change, 42, 351-375.
Lehodey, P., M. Bertignac, J. Hampton, A. Lewis and J. Picaut, 1997: El Niño Southern Oscillation and tuna in the western Pacific. Nature, 389, 715-718.
Lemke, P., J. Ren, R.B. Alley, I. Allison, J. Carrasco, G. Flato, Y. Fujii, G. Kaser, P. Mote, R.H. Thomas and T. Zhang, 2007: Observations: changes in snow, ice and frozen ground. Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, S. Solomon, D. Qin, M. Manning, Z. Chen, M. Marquis, K.B. Averyt, M. Tignor and H.L. Miller, Eds., Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 337-383.
Lempert, R. and M.E. Schlesinger, 2001: Climate-change strategy needs to be robust. Nature, 412, 375-375.
Li, H., R.P. Berrens, A.K. Bohara , H.C. Jenkins-Smith, C.L. Silva and D.L. Weimer, 2004: Would developing country commitments affect US households’ support for a modified Kyoto Protocol? Ecol. Econ., 48, 329-343.
Link, P.M. and R.S.J. Tol, 2004: Possible economic impacts of a slowdown of the thermohaline circulation: an application of FUND. Port. Econ. J., 3, 99-114.
Link, P.M. and R.S.J. Tol, 2006: The economic impact of a slowdown of the thermohaline circulation: an application of FUND. Working paper, Hamburg University, Department of Economics, Research Unit Sustainability and Global Change, Center for Marine and Atmospheric Sciences (ZMAW). http://www.uni-hamburg.de/Wiss/FB/15/Sustainability/link-Dateien/Link%20 Working%20Paper%20FNU-103.pdf.
Lovejoy, T.E. and L. Hannah, Eds., 2005: Climate Change and Biodiversity. Yale University Press, New Haven, Connecticut, 440 pp.
Lowe, J.A., J.M. Gregory J. Ridley, P. Huybrechts, R.J. Nicholls and M. Collins, 2006: The role of sea-level rise and the Greenland ice sheet in dangerous climate change: implications for the stabilisation of climate. Avoiding Dangerous Climate Change, H.-J. Schellnhuber, W. Cramer, N. Nakićenović, T.M.L. Wigley and G. Yohe, Eds., Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 29-36.
Maddison, D., 2003: The amenity value of climate: the household production function approach. Resour. Energy Econ., 25, 155-175.
Malcolm, J.R., C. Liu, R.P. Neilson, L. Hansen and L. Hannah, 2006: Global warming and extinctions of endemic species from biodiversity hotspots. Conserv. Biol., 20, 538-548.
Martin, D., D. Belanger, P. Gosselin, J. Brazeau, C. Furgal and S. Dery, 2005: Climate change, drinking water, and human health in Nunavik: adaptation strategies. Final report submitted to the Canadian Climate Change Action Fund, Natural Resources Canada. CHUL Research Institute, Ste-Foy, Quebec, 111 pp. http://www.itk.ca/environment/water-nunavik-report.pdf.
Mastrandrea, M.D. and S.H. Schneider, 2001: Integrated assessment of abrupt climatic changes. Clim. Policy, 1, 433-449.
Mastrandrea, M.D. and S.H. Schneider, 2004: Probabilistic integrated assessment of “dangerous” climate change. Science, 304, 571-575.
Mastrandrea, M.D. and S.H. Schneider, 2006: Probabilistic assessment of “dangerous” climate change and emissions pathways. Avoiding Dangerous Climate Change, H.-J. Schellnhuber, W. Cramer, N. Nakićenović, T.M.L. Wigley and G. Yohe, Eds., Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 253-264.
Matear, R.J. and A.C. Hirst, 2003: Long-term changes in dissolved oxygen concentrations in the oceans caused by protracted global warming. Global Biogeochem. Cy., 17, 1125, doi:10.1029/2002GB001997.
McInerney, D. and K. Keller, 2006: Economically optimal risk reduction strategies in the face of uncertain climate thresholds. Climatic Change, doi:10.1007/s10584-006-9137-z.
McMichael, A.J., D. Campbell-Lendrum, R.S. Kovats, S. Edwards, P. Wilkinson, N. Edmonds, N. Nicholls, S. Hales, F.C. Tanser, D. Le Sueur, M. Schlesinger and N. Andronova, 2004: Climate change. Comparative Quantification of Health Risks: Global and Regional Burden of Disease due to Selected Major Risk Factors, Vol. 2, M. Ezzati, A.D. Lopez, A. Rogers and C.J. Murray, Eds., WHO, Geneva, 1543-1650.
Meehl, G.A., T.F. Stocker, W.D. Collins, P. Friedlingstein, A.T. Gaye, J.M. Gregory, A. Kitoh, R. Knutti, J.M. Murphy, A. Noda, S.C.B. Raper, I.G. Watterson, A.J. Weaver and Z.-C. Zhao, 2007: Global climate projections. Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, S. Solomon, D. Qin, M. Manning, Z. Chen, M. Marquis, K.B. Averyt, M. Tignor and H.L. Miller, Eds., Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 747-846.
Meinshausen, M., 2005: What does a 2°C target mean for greenhouse gas concentrations? A brief analysis based on multi-gas emission pathways and several climate sensitivity uncertainty estimates. Avoiding Dangerous Climate Change, H.-J. Schellnhuber, W. Cramer, N. Nakićenović, T.M.L. Wigley and G. Yohe, Eds., Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 265-280.
Meinshausen, M., B. Hare, T.M.L. Wigley, D. van Vuuren, M.G.J. den Elzen and R. Swart, 2005: Multi-gas emission pathways to meet climate targets. Climatic Change, 75, 151-194.
Mendelsohn, R. and W. Nordhaus, 1996: The impact of global warming on agriculture: reply. Am. Econ. Rev., 86, 1312-1315.
Mendelsohn, R., W. Nordhaus and D. Shaw, 1994: The impact of global warming on agriculture: a Ricardian analysis. Am. Econ. Rev., 84, 753-771.
Menzel, A and Co-authors, 2006: European phenological response to climate change matches the warming pattern, Glob. Change Biol., 12, 1969-1976.
Morgan, M.G. and D.W. Keith, 1995: Subjective judgements by climate experts. Environ. Sci. Technol., 29, 468A-476A.
Morgan, M.G., P.J. Adams and D.W. Keith, 2006: Elicitation of expert judgments of aerosol forcing. Climatic Change, 75, 195-214.
Morita, T., N. Nakićenović and J. Robinson, 2000: Overview of mitigation scenarios for global climate stabilization based on new IPCC emission scenarios (SRES). Environ. Econ. Policy Stud., 3, 65-88.
Moss, R.H. and S.H. Schneider, 2000: Uncertainties in the IPCC TAR: recommendations to lead authors for more consistent assessment and reporting. Guidance Papers on the Cross Cutting Issues of the Third Assessment Report of the IPCC, R. Pachauri, T. Taniguchi and K. Tanaka, Eds., World Meteorological Organization, Geneva, 33-51.
Munich Re, 2005: Topics GEO. Annual Review: Natural Catastrophes 2005. Munich Re, Munich, 56 pp. http://www.earthinstitute.columbia.edu/grocc/documents/MunichRe2005NaturalDisasterReview.pdf.
Nakićenović, N., J. Alcamo, G. Davis, B. de Vries, J. Fenhann, S. Gaffin, K. Gregory, A. Grübler, T.Y. Jung, T. Kram, E. Lebre la Rovere, L. Michaelis, S. Mori, T. Morita, W. Pepper, H. Pitcher, L. Price, K. Riahi, A. Roehrl, H.H. Rogner, A. Sankovski, M. Schlesinger, P. Shukla, S. Smith, R. Swart, S. van Rooijen, N. Victor and Z. Dadi, Eds., 2000: Emissions Scenarios: A Special Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 509 pp.
Nicholls, R.J., 2004: Coastal flooding and wetland loss in the 21st century: changes under the SRES climate and socio-economic scenario. Global Environ. Chang., 14, 69-86.
Nicholls, R.J. and R.S.J. Tol, 2006: Impacts and responses to sea-level rise: a global analysis of the SRES scenarios over the 21st century. Philos. T. Roy. Soc. A, 361, 1073-1095.
Nicholls, R.J., S.E. Hanson, J. Lowe, D.G. Vaughan, T. Lenton, A. Ganoposki, R.S.J. Tol and A.T. Vafeidis, 2005: Improving methodologies to assess the benefits of policies to address sea-level rise. Report to the OECD. Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), Paris, 145 pp. http://www. oecd.org/dataoecd/19/63/37320819.pdf
Niemeyer, S., J. Petts and K. Hobson, 2005: Rapid climate change and society: assessing responses and thresholds, Risk Anal., 25, 1443-1456.
Nordhaus, W.D., 1994: Expert opinion on climatic change. Am. Sci., 82, 45–52.
Nordhaus, W.D., 2006: Geography and macroeconomics: new data and new findings. P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 103, 3510-3517.
Nordhaus, W.D. and J. Boyer, 2000: Warming the World: Economic Models of Global Warming. MIT Press, Boston, 246 pp.
Nyong, A., 2005: Impacts of climate change in the tropics: the African experience. Keynote presentation at the Avoiding Dangerous Climate Change Symposium, 1–3 February, 2005, Exeter, 9 pp. http://www.stabilisation2005.com/.
O’Brien, K.L., L. Sygna and J.E. Haugen, 2004: Resilient of vulnerable? A multi-scale assessment of climate impacts and vulnerability in Norway. Climatic Change, 64, 193-225.
O’Neill, B.C. and M. Oppenheimer, 2002: Climate change: dangerous climate impacts and the Kyoto Protocol. Science, 296, 1971-1972.
O’Neill, B.C. and M. Oppenheimer, 2004: Climate change impacts sensitive to path to stabilization. P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 101, 16411-16416.
OECD, 2003: Development and climate change in Nepal: focus on water resources and hydropower. Document COM/ENV/EPOC/DCD/DAC(2003)1/FINAL, OECD Environment Directorate. Paris, 64 pp. http://www.oecd.org/ dataoecd/6/51/19742202.pdf.
Oppenheimer, M., 2005: Defining dangerous anthropogenic interference: the role of science, the limits of science. Risk Anal., 25, 1399-1407.
Oppenheimer, M. and A. Petsonk, 2003: Global warming: the intersection of long-term goals and near-term policy. Climate Policy for the 21st Century: Meeting the Long-Term Challenge of Global Warming, D. Michel, Ed., Center for Transatlantic Relations, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, 79-112.
Oppenheimer, M. and R.B. Alley, 2004: The West Antarctic Ice Sheet and long term climate policy. Climatic Change, 64, 1-10.
Oppenheimer, M. and R.B. Alley, 2005: Ice sheets, global warming, and Article 2 of the UNFCCC. Climatic Change, 68, 257-267.
Oppenheimer, M. and A. Petsonk, 2005: Article 2 of the UNFCCC: historical origins, recent interpretations. Climatic Change, 73, 195-226.
Oppenheimer, M. and A. Todorov, 2006: Global warming: the psychology of long term risk. Climatic Change, 77, 1-6.
Otto-Bliesner, B.L., S. Marshall, J. Overpeck, G. Miller, A. Hu and CAPE Last Interglacial Project Members, 2006: Simulating Arctic climate warmth and icefield retreat in the last interglaciation. Science, 311, 1751-1753.
Overpeck, J.T., B.L. Otto-Bliesner, G.H. Miller, D.R. Muhs, R.B. Alley and J.T. Kiehl, 2006: Paleoclimatic evidence for future ice-sheet instability and rapid sea-level rise. Science, 311, 1747-1750.
Parmesan, C. and G. Yohe, 2003: A globally coherent fingerprint of climate change impacts across natural systems. Nature, 421, 37-42.
Parry, M., N. Arnell, T. McMichael, R. Nicholls, P. Martens, S. Kovats, M. Livermore, C. Rosenzweig, A. Iglesias and G. Fischer, 1999: Millions at risk: defining critical climate change threats and targets. Global Environ. Chang., 11, 181-183.
Parry, M.L., T.R. Carter and M. Hulme, 1996: What is dangerous climate change? Global Environ. Chang., 6, 1-6.
Parry, M.L., C. Rosenzweig, A. Iglesias, M. Livermore and G. Fischer, 2004: Effects of climate change on global food production under SRES climate and socio-economic scenarios. Global Environ. Chang., 14, 53-67.
Patwardhan, A., S.H. Schneider and S.M. Semenov, 2003: Assessing the science to address UNFCCC Article 2: a concept paper relating to cross cutting theme number four. IPCC, 13 pp. http://www.ipcc.ch/activity/cct3.pdf.
Pearce, D.W., 2003: The social cost of carbon and its policy implications. Oxford Rev. Econ. Pol., 19, 362–384.
Pielke, R.A. and C.N. Landsea, 1999: La Nina, El Niño, and Atlantic hurricane damages in the United States. B. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 80, 2027-2033.
Pittini, M. and M. Rahman, 2004: Social costs of carbon. The Benefits of Climate Policies: Analytical and Framework Issues, J. Corfee-Morlot and S. Agrawala, Eds., OECD, Paris, 189-220.
Pittock, A.B., R.N. Jones and C.D. Mitchell, 2001: Probabilities will help us plan for climate change. Nature, 413, 249.
Polsky, C., 2004: Putting space and time in Ricardian climate change impact studies: the case of agriculture in the U.S. Great Plains. Ann. Assoc. Am. Geogr., 94, 549-564.
Polsky, C. and W.E. Easterling, 2001: Adaptation to climate variability and change in the US Great Plains: a multi-scale analysis of Ricardian climate sensitivities. Agr. Ecosyst. Environ., 85, 133-144.
Putilov, V.Y., Ed., 2003: Ecology of Power Engineering (in Russian). Moscow Energy Engineering Institute, Moscow.
Rahmstorf, S. and K. Zickfeld, 2005: Thermohaline circulation changes: a question of risk assessment. Climatic Change, 68, 241-247.
Rahmstorf, S., T. Kuhlbrodt, K. Zickfeld, G. Buerger, F. Badeck, S. Pohl, S. Sitch, H. Held, T. Schneider von Deimling, D. Wolf-Gladrow, M. Schartau, C. Sprengel, S. Sundby, B. Adlandsvik, F. Vikebo, R. Tol and M. Link, 2003: Integrated assessment of changes in the thermohaline circulation. INTEGRATION Status Report. Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research, Potsdam. http://www.pik-potsdam.de/~stefan/Projects/integration/statusreport.pdf.
Randall, D.A., R.A. Wood, S. Bony, R. Coleman, T. Fichefet, J. Fyfe, V. Kattsov, A. Pitman, J. Shukla, J. Srinivasan, R.J. Stouffer, A. Sumi and K.E. Taylor, 2007: Climate models and their evaluation. Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, S. Solomon, D. Qin, M. Manning, Z. Chen, M. Marquis, K.B. Averyt, M. Tignor and H.L. Miller, Eds., Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 589-662.
Rayner, S. and E. Malone, Eds., 1998: Human Choice and Climate Change: The Societal Framework, Vol. 1. Battelle Press, Washington, District of Columbia, 536 pp.
Reilly, J., P.H. Stone, C.E. Forest, M.D. Webster, H.D. Jacoby and R.G. Prinn, 2001: Climate change: uncertainty and climate change assessments. Science, 293, 430-433.
Revelle, R., 1983: Probable future changes in sea level resulting from increased atmospheric carbon dioxide. Changing Climate. National Academy Press, Washington, District of Columbia, 433-448.
Rial, J.A., R.A. Pielke Sr., M. Beniston, M. Claussen, J. Canadell, P. Cox, H. Held, N. de Noblet-Ducoudré, R. Prinn, J.F. Reynolds and J.D. Salas, 2004: Nonlinearities, feedbacks and critical thresholds within the Earth’s climate system. Climatic Change, 65, 11-38.
Rodo, X., M. Pascual, G. Fuchs and A.S.G. Faruque, 2002: ENSO and cholera: a nonstationary link related to climate change? P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 99, 12901-12906.
Root, T.L., J.T. Price, K.R. Hall, S.H. Schneider, C. Rosenzweig and J.A. Pounds, 2003: Fingerprints of global warming on wild animals and plants. Nature, 421, 57-60.
Root, T.L., D.P. MacMynowski, M.D. Mastrandrea and S.H. Schneider, 2005: Human-modified temperatures induce species changes: joint attribution. P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 102, 7462-7469.
Rosenzweig, C., F.N. Tubiello, R. Goldberg, E. Mills and J. Bloomfield, 2002: Increased crop damage in the US from excess precipitation under climate change. Global Environ. Chang., 12, 197-202.
Roson, R. and R.S.J. Tol, 2006: An integrated assessment model of economy-energy-climate: the model WIAGEM – a comment. Integrated Assessment Journal, 6, 75-82.
Royal Society, 2005: Ocean Acidification due to Increasing Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide. London, http://www.royalsoc.ac.uk/document.asp?tip=0&id=3249.
Sabine, C.L., R.A. Feely, N. Gruber, R.M. Key, K. Lee, J.L. Bullister, R. Wanninkhof, C.S. Wong, D.W.R. Wallace, B. Tilbrook, F.J. Millero, T.-H. Peng, A. Kozyr, T. Ono and A.F. Rios, 2004: The oceanic sink for anthropogenic CO2. Science, 305, 367-371.
Sarmiento, J.L. and C. Le Quéré, 1996: Oceanic carbon dioxide uptake in a model of century-scale global warming. Science, 274, 1346-1350.
Sathaye, J. and Co-authors, 2007: Sustainable development and mitigation. Climate Change 2007: Mitigation. Contribution of Working Group III to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, B. Metz, O. Davidson, P. Bosch, R. Dave and L. Meyer, Eds., Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK.
Schär, C. and G. Jendritzky, 2004: Climate change: hot news from summer 2003. Nature, 432, 559-560.
Schär, C., P.L. Vidale, D. Lüthi, C. Frei, C. Häberli, M.A. Liniger and C. Appenzeller, 2004: The role of increasing temperature variability in European summer heatwaves. Nature, 427, 332-336.
Schellnhuber, H.-J., W. Cramer, N. Nakićenović, T. Wigley and G. Yohe, Eds., 2006: Avoiding Dangerous Climate Change. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 392 pp.
Schimel, D., D. Alves, I. Enting, M. Heimann, F. Joos, D. Raynaud, T. Wigley, M. Prather, R. Derwent, D. Ehhalt, P. Fraser, E. Sanhueza, X. Zhou, P. Jonas, R. Charlson, H. Rodhe, S. Sadasivan, K.P. Shine, Y. Fouquart, V. Ramaswamy, S. Solomon, J. Srinivasan, D.L. Albritton, I. Isaksen, M. Lal and D.J. Wuebbles, 1996: Radiative forcing of climate change. Climate Change 1995: The Science of Climate Change. Contribution of Working Group I to the Second Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, J.T. Houghton, L.G. Meiro Filho, B.A. Callander, N. Harris, A. Kattenberg, K. Maskell, Eds., Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 65–131.
Schlenker, W., W.M. Hanemann and A.C. Fisher, 2005: Will U.S. agriculture really benefit from global warming? Accounting for irrigation in the Hedonic approach. Am. Econ. Rev., 95, 395-406.
Schlesinger, M.E., J. Yin, G. Yohe, N.G. Andronova, S. Malyshev and B. Li, 2006: Assessing the risk of a collapse of the Atlantic thermohaline circulation. Avoiding Dangerous Climate Change, H.-J. Schellnhuber, W. Cramer, N. Nakićenović, T.M.L. Wigley and G. Yohe, Eds., Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 37-48.
Schmittner, A.M., 2005: Decline of the marine ecosystems caused by a reduction in the Atlantic overturning circulation. Nature, 434, 628-633.
Schneider, S.H., 2001: What is ‘dangerous’ climate change? Nature, 411, 17-19.
Schneider, S.H., 2002: Can we estimate the likelihood of climatic changes at 2100? Climatic Change, 52, 441- 451.
Schneider, S.H., 2004: Abrupt non-linear climate change, irreversibility and surprise. Global Environ. Chang., 14, 245-258.
Schneider, S.H. and R.S. Chen, 1980: Carbon-dioxide warming and coastline flooding: physical factors and climatic impact. Annu. Rev. Energy, 5, 107-140.
Schneider, S.H. and C. Azar, 2001: Are uncertainties in climate and energy systems a justification for stronger near-term mitigation policies? Proc. Pew Center Workshop on the Timing of Climate Change Policies, E. Erlich, Eds., Pew Center on Climate Change, Arlington, Virginia, 85-136.
Schneider, S.H. and M.D. Mastrandrea, 2005: Probabilistic assessment of “dangerous” climate change and emissions scenarios. P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 102, 15728-15735.
Schneider, S.H., K. Kuntz-Duriseti and C. Azar, 2000: Costing non-linearities, surprises, and irreversible events. Pacific-Asian Journal of Energy, 10, 81-106.
Schneider S., J. Sarukhan, J.Adejuwon, C. Azar, W. Baethgen, C. Hope, R. Moss, N. Leary, R. Richels and J.P. van Ypersele, 2001: Overview of Impacts, Adaptation, and Vulnerability to Climate Change. Climate Change 2001: Impacts, Adaptation, and Vulnerability. Contribution of Working Group II to the Third Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, J.J. McCarthy, O.F. Canziani, N.A. Leary, D.J. Dokken and K.S. White, Eds., Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 75-103.
Semenov, S.M., 2004a: Modeling of anthropogenic perturbation of the global CO2 cycle. Dokl. Earth Sci., 399, 1134-1138.
Semenov, S.M., 2004b: Greenhouse gases and present climate of the Earth (in Russian, extended summary in English). Meteorology and Hydrololgy Publishing Centre, Moscow, 175 pp.
Slovic, P., 2000: The Perception of Risk. Earthscan, London, 518 pp.
Smit, B., O. Pilifosova, I. Burton, B. Challenger, S. Huq, R.J.T. Klein and G. Yohe, 2001: Adaptation to climate change in the context of sustainable development and equity. Climate Change 2001: Impacts, Adaptation, and Vulnerability. Contribution of Working Group II to the Third Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, J.J. McCarthy, O.F. Canziani, N.A. Leary, D.J. Dokken and K.S. White, Eds., Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 877-912.
Smith, J.B., 2004: A Synthesis of Potential Impacts of Climate Change on the United States. Pew Center on Global Climate Change, Arlington, Virginia, 56 pp. http://www.pewclimate.org/docUploads/Pew-Synthesis.pdf.
Smith, J.B. and Co-authors, 2001. Vulnerability to climate change and reasons for concern: a synthesis, Climate Change 2001: Impacts, Adaptation, and Vulnerability. Contribution of Working Group II to the Third Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, J.J. McCarthy, O.F. Canziani, N.A. Leary, D.J. Dokken and K.S. White, Eds., Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 913–967.
Solomon, S., D. Qin, M. Manning, R.B. Alley, T. Berntsen, N.L. Bindoff, Z. Chen, A. Chidthaisong, J.M. Gregory, G.C. Hegerl, M. Heimann, B. Hewitson, B.J. Hoskins, F. Joos, J. Jouzel, V. Kattsov, U. Lohmann, T. Matsuno, M. Molina, N. Nicholls, J. Overpeck, G. Raga, V. Ramaswamy, J. Ren, M. Rusticucci, R. Somerville, T.F. Stocker, P. Whetton, R.A. Wood and D. Wratt, 2007: Technical Summary. Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, S. Solomon, D. Qin, M. Manning, Z. Chen, M. Marquis, K.B. Averyt, M. Tignor and H.L. Miller, Eds. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 74 pp.
Stern, N., 2007: The Economics of Climate Change: The Stern Review. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 692 pp.
Stocker, T.F. and A. Schmittner, 1997: Influence of CO2 emission rates on the stability of the thermohaline circulation. Nature, 388, 862-865.
Stott, P.A., D.A. Stone and M.R. Allen, 2004: Human contribution to the European heatwave of 2003. Nature, 432, 610-614.
Stouffer, R.J. and S. Manabe, 2003: Equilibrium response of thermohaline circulation to large changes in atmospheric CO2 concentration. Clim. Dynam., 20, 759-773.
Swart, R., M. Berk, M. Janssen, E. Kreileman and R. Leemans, 1998: The safe landing approach: risks and trade-offs in climate change. Global Change Scenarios of the 21st Century: Results from the IMAGE 2.1 Model, J. Alcamo, R. Leemans and E. Kreileman, Eds., Pergamon, Oxford, 193-218.
Swart, R., J. Mitchell, T. Morita and S. Raper, 2002: Stabilisation scenarios for climate impact assessment. Global Environ. Chang., 12, 155-166.
Swetnam, T.W. and J.L. Betancourt, 1990: Fire–Southern Oscillation relations in the southwestern United States. Science, 249, 1017-1020.
Thomas, C., A. Cameron, R.E. Green, M. Bakkenes, L.J. Beaumont, Y.C. Collingham, B.F.N. Erasmus, M.F. de Siqueira, A. Grainger, L. Hannah, L. Hughes, B. Huntley, A.S. van Jaarsveld, G.F. Midgley, L. Miles, M.A. Ortega-Huerta, A.T. Peterson, O.L. Phillips and S.E. Williams, 2004: Extinction risk from climate change. Nature, 427, 145-148.
Thompson, D.W.J. and J.M. Wallace, 2000: Annular modes in the extratropical circulation. Part II. Trends. J. Climate, 13, 1018-1036.
Timmermann, A., J. Oberhuber, A. Bacher, M. Esch, M. Latif and E. Roeckner, 1999: Increased El Niño frequency in a climate model forced by future greenhouse warming. Nature, 398, 694-697.
Tol, R.S.J., 1998: Potential slowdown of the thermohaline circulation and climate policy. Discussion Paper DS98/06, Institute for Environmental Studies, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, 7 pp.
Tol, R.S.J., 2002a: Estimates of the damage costs of climate change. Part 1: Benchmark estimates. Environ. Resour. Econ., 21, 41-73.
Tol, R.S.J., 2002b: Estimates of the damage costs of climate change. Part II: Dynamic estimates. Environ. Resour. Econ., 21, 135-160.
Tol, R.S.J., 2005: The marginal damage costs of carbon dioxide emissions: an assessment of the uncertainties. Energ. Policy, 33, 2064-2074.
Tol, R.S.J., T.E. Downing, O.J. Kuikb and J.B. Smith, 2004: Distributional aspects of climate change impacts, Global Environ. Chang., 14, 259–272.
Tol, R.S.J., M.T. Bohn, T.E. Downing, M.-L. Guillerminet, E. Hizsnyik, R.E. Kasperson, K. Lonsdale, C. Mays, R.J. Nicholls, A.A. Olsthoorn, G. Pfeffle, M. Poumadere, F.L. Toth, A.T. Vafeidis, P.E. Van der Werff and I.H. Yetkiner, 2006: Adaptation to five metres of sea level rise. J. Risk Anal., 9, 467-482.
Toth, F.L., Ed., 2003: Integrated assessment of climate protection strategies. Climatic Change, 56, 1-5.
Toth, F.L., T. Bruckner, H.-M. Füssel, M. Leimbach, G. Petschel-Held and H.-J. Schellnhuber, 2002: Exploring options for global climate policy: a new analytical framework. Environment, 44, 22-34.
Toth, F.L., T. Bruckner, H.-M. Füssel, M. Leimbach and G. Petschel-Held, 2003: Integrated assessment of long-term climate policies. Part 1: Model presentation. Climatic Change, 56, 37-56.
Trenberth, K.E., P.D. Jones, P. Ambenje, R. Bojariu, D. Easterling, A. Klein Tank, D. Parker, F. Rahimzadeh, J.A. Renwick, M. Rusticucci, B. Soden and P. Zhai, 2007: Observations: Surface and atmospheric climate change. Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, S. Solomon, D. Qin, M. Manning, Z. Chen, M. Marquis, K.B. Averyt, M. Tignor and H.L. Miller, Eds., Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 235-336.
Turley, C., J.C. Blackford, S. Widdicombe, D. Lowe, P.D. Nightingale and A.P. Rees, 2006: Reviewing the impact of increased atmospheric CO2 on oceanic pH and the marine ecosystem. Avoiding Dangerous Climate Change, H.-J. Schellnhuber, W. Cramer, N. Nakićenović, T.M.L. Wigley and G. Yohe, Eds., Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 65-70.
van Lieshout, M., R.S. Kovats, M.T.J. Livermore and P. Martens, 2004: Climate change and malaria: analysis of the SRES climate and socio-economic scenarios. Global Environ. Chang., 14, 87-99.
Vaughan, D.G., 2007: West Antarctic ice sheet collapse: the fall and rise of a paradigm. Climatic Change, in press.
Vaughan, D.G. and J.R. Spouge, 2002: Risk estimation of collapse of the West Antarctic ice sheet. Climatic Change, 52, 65-91.
Vellinga, M. and R.A. Wood, 2002: Global climatic impacts of a collapse of the Atlantic thermohaline circulation. Climatic Change, 54, 251-267.
Vellinga, M. and R.A. Wood, 2006: Impacts of thermohaline circulation shutdown in the twenty-first century. Geophysical Research Abstracts, 8, 02717. http://www.cosis.net/abstracts/EGU06/02717/EGU06-J-02717.pdf.
Vieli, A. and A.J. Payne, 2005: Assessing the ability of numerical ice sheet models to simulate grounding line migration, J. Geophys. Res., 110, F01003, doi:10.1029/2004JF000202.
Weber, E., 2005: Experience-based and description-based perceptions of long-term risk: why global warming does not scare us (yet). Climatic Change, 77, 103–120.
Webster, M., C. Forest, J. Reilly, M. Babiker, D. Kicklighter, M. Mayer, R. Prinn, M. Sarofim, A. Sokolov, P. Stone and C. Wang, 2003: Uncertainty analysis of climate change and policy response. Climatic Change, 61, 295-320.
Webster, P.J., G.J. Holland, J.A. Curry and H.-R. Chang, 2005: Changes in tropical cyclone number, duration, and intensity in a warming environment. Science, 309, 1844-1846.
Westerling, A.L., H.G. Hidalgo, D.R. Cayan and T.W. Swetnam, 2006: Warming and earlier spring increases western U.S. forest wildfire activity. Science, 313, 940-943.
White, G.F., R.W. Kates and I. Burton, 2001: Knowing better and losing even more: the use of knowledge in hazards management. Environmental Hazards, 3, 81-92.
Wigley, T.M.L., 2004: Choosing a stabilization target for CO2. Climatic Change, 67, 1-11.
Wigley, T.M.L., 2006: A combined mitigation/geoengineering approach to climate stabilization. Science, 314, 452-454.
Wigley, T.M.L, R. Richels and J. Edmonds, 1996: Economic and environmental choices in the stabilization of atmospheric CO2 concentration. Nature, 379, 242.
Wild, M., P. Calanca, S.C. Scherrer and A. Ohmura, 2003: Effects of polar ice sheets on global sea level in high-resolution greenhouse scenarios. J. Geophy. Res., 108, 4165, doi:10.1029/2002JD002451.
Wood, R.A., M. Vellinga and R. Thorpe, 2003: Global warming and thermohaline circulation stability. Philos. T. Roy. Soc. A, 361, 1961-1974.
Wood, R., M. Collins, J. Gregory, G. Harris and M. Vellinga, 2006: Towards a risk assessment for shutdown of the Atlantic thermohaline circulation. Avoiding Dangerous Climate Change, H.-J. Schellnhuber, W. Cramer, N. Nakićenović, T.M.L. Wigley and G. Yohe, Eds., Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
Wright, E.L. and J.D. Erickson, 2003: Incorporating catastrophes into integrated assessment: science, impacts, and adaptation. Climatic Change, 57, 265-286.
Yamin, F., J.B. Smith and I. Burton, 2005: Perspectives on ‘dangerous anthropogenic interference’, or how to operationalize Article 2 of the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change. Avoiding Dangerous Climate Change, H.-J. Schellnhuber, W. Cramer, N. Nakićenović, T.M.L. Wigley and G. Yohe, Eds., Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 81-92.
Yohe, G. and R.S.J. Tol, 2002: Indicators for social and economic coping capacity: moving toward a working definition of adaptive capacity. Global Environ. Chang., 12, 25–40.
Yohe, G., N. Andronova and M. Schlesinger, 2004: To hedge or not against an uncertain climate future? Science, 306, 416-417.
Yohe, G., M.E. Schlesinger and N.G. Andronova, 2006: Reducing the risk of a collapse of the Atlantic thermohaline circulation. Integrated Assessment Journal, 6, 57-73.
Zickfeld, K. and T. Bruckner, 2003: Reducing the risk of abrupt climate change: emissions corridors preserving the Atlantic thermohaline circulation. Integrated Assessment Journal, 4, 106-115.