IPCC Fourth Assessment Report: Climate Change 2007
Climate Change 2007: Working Group II: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability

References

Abels, H. and T. Bullens, 2005: Microinsurance, Microinsurance Association of the Netherlands, MIAN.

Abler, R.F., 2003: Global change in local places: estimating, understanding, and reducing greenhouse gases, Association of American Geographers Global Change and Local Places Research Group, Eds., Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 290 pp.

Abrar, C.R. and S. N. Azad, 2004: Coping with displacement: riverbank erosion in north-west Bangladesh. University Press Ltd, Dhaka, 132 pp.

ACIA (Arctic Climate Impact Assessment), 2004: Impacts of a Warming Arctic: Arctic Climate Impact Assessment, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1042 pp.

Adger, W.N., N.W. Arnell and E.L. Tompkins, 2005a: Successful adaptation to climate change across scales. Global Environ. Chang., 15, 77-86.

Adger, W.N., T.P. Hughes, C. Folke, S.R. Carpenter and J. Rockström, 2005b: Social-ecological resilience to coastal disasters. Science, 309, 1036-1039.

Adger, W.N., J. Paavola, S. Huq and M.J. Mace, Eds., 2006: Fairness in Adaptation to Climate Change, MIT Press, Cambridge, 320 pp.

ADRC, Japan, CRED-EMDAT, Université Catholique de Louvain and UNDP, 2005: Natural Disasters Data Book, 2004. [Accessed 03.05.07: http://web. adrc.or.jp/publications/databook/databook_2004_eng/]

Agnew, M. and D. Viner, 2001: Potential impact of climate change on international tourism. Tourism and Hospitality Research, 3, 37-60.

Agnew M.D. and J.P. Palutikof, 1999: The impacts of climate on retailing in the UK with particular reference to the anomalously hot summer of 1995. Int. J. Climatol., 19, 1493-1507.

Ahern, M., R.S. Kovats, P. Wilkinson, R. Few and F. Matthies, 2005: Global health impacts of floods: epidemiologic evidence. Epidemiol. Rev., 27, 36-46.

Akbari, H., S. Bretz, D.M. Kurn and J. Hanford, 1997: Peak power and cooling energy savings of high-albedo roofs. Energ. Buildings, 25, 117-126.

Allianz and World Wildlife Fund, 2006: Climate change and the financial sector: an agenda for action, 59 pp. [Accessed 03.05.07: http://www.wwf.org.uk/ filelibrary/pdf/allianz_rep_0605.pdf]

Andrey, J. and B.N. Mills, 2003: Climate change and the Canadian transportation system: vulnerabilities and adaptations. Weather and Transportation in Canada, J. Andrey and C. Knapper, Eds., Department of Geography publication series 55, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario,235-279.

Anon, 2004: Government of Canada and Canadian pulp and paper industry agree on blueprint for climate change action. Forest. Chronic., 80, 9.

Arnell, N.W., M.J.L. Livermore, S. Kovats, P.E. Levy, R. Nicholls, M.L. Parry and S.R. Gaffin, 2004: Climate and socio-economic scenarios for global-scale climate change impacts assessments: characterising the SRES storylines. Global Environ. Chang., 14, 3-20.

Arsenault, R., 1984: The end of the long hot summer: the air conditioner and southern culture. J. Southern Hist., 50, 597-628.

Association of British Insurers, 2002: Renewing the partnership: how the insurance industry will work with others to improve protection against floods: a report by the Association of British Insurers, 10 pp.

Ausubel, J. and H.D. Langford, Eds., 1997: Technological Trajectories and the Human Environment. National Academy of Sciences, Washington District of Columbia, 214 pp.

Becken, S., 2005: Harmonizing climate change adaptation and mitigation: the case of tourist resorts in Fiji. Global Environ. Chang., 15, 381-393.

Becken, S., C. Frampton and D. Simmons, 2001: Energy consumption patterns in the accommodation sector: the New Zealand case. Ecol. Econ., 39, 371-386.

Belle, N. and B. Bramwell, 2005: Climate change and small island tourism: Policymaker and industry perspectives in Barbados. Journal of Travel Research, 44, 32-41.

Benson, C. and E. Clay, 2003: Disasters, vulnerability, and the global economy. Building Safer Cities: The Future of Disaster Risk, A. Kreimer, M. Arnold and A. Carlin, Eds., Disaster Risk Management Series No. 3, World Bank, Washington, District of Columbia, 3-32.

Berkhout, F. and J. Hertin, 2002: Foresight futures scenarios: developing and applying a participative strategic planning tool. Greener Management International, 37, 37-52.

Berkhout, F., J. Hertin and D.M. Gann, 2006: Learning to adapt: organisational adaptation to climate change impacts. Climatic Change, 78, 135-156.

Besancenot, J.P., 1989: Climat et tourisme. Masson, Paris, 223 pp.

Bigio, A., 2003: Cities and climate change. Building Safer Cities: The Future of Disaster Risk, A. Kreimer, M. Arnold and A. Carlin, Eds., World Bank, Washington, District of Columbia, 91-100.

Black, R., 2001: Environmental refugees: myth or reality? New Issues in Refugee Research Working Paper 34, United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, Geneva, 20 pp.

Bouwer L.M. and J.C.J.H. Aerts, 2006: Financing climate change adaptation. Disasters, 30, 49-63.

Braun, O., M. Lohmann, O. Maksimovic, M. Meyer, A. Merkovic, E. Messerschmidt, A. Reidel and M. Turner, 1999: Potential impact of climate change effects on preferences for tourism destinations: A psychological pilot study. Climate Res., 11, 2477-2504.

Breslow, P. and D. Sailor, 2002: Vulnerability of wind power resources to climate change in the continental United States. Renew. Energ., 27, 585–598.

Brewer, T., 2005: U.S. public opinion on climate change issues: implications for consensus building and policymakers. Clim. Policy, 4, 359-376.

Broadmeadow, T., D. Ray and C. Samuel, 2005: Climate change and the future for broadleaved forests in the UK. Forestry, 78, 145-161.

Bulkeley, H., and M.M. Betsill, 2003: Cities and Climate Change: Urban Sustainability and Global Environmental Governance. Routledge, New York, 237 pp.

Bull-Kamanga, L., K. Diagne, A. Lavell, E. Leon, F. Lerise, H. MacGregor, A. Maskrey, M. Meshack, M. Pelling, H. Reid, D. Satterthwaite, J. Songsore, K. Westgate and A. Yitambe, 2003: From everyday hazards to disasters: the accumulation of risk in urban areas. Environ. and Urban., 15, 193-204.

Cairncross, S. and M.J.C. Alvarinho, 2006: The Mozambique floods of 2000: health impact and response. Flood Hazards and Health: Responding to Present and Future Risks, R. Few and F. Matthies, Earthscan, London, 111-127.

Cannon, T., 2002: Gender and climate hazards in Bangladesh. Gender and Development, 10, 45-50.

Cartalis, C., A. Synodinou, M. Proedrou, A. Tsangrassoulis and M. Santamouris, 2001: Modifications in energy demand in urban areas as a result of climate changes: an assessment for the southeast Mediterranean region. Energ. Convers. Manage., 42, 1647-1656.

Casola, J.H., J.E. Kay, A.K. Snover, R.A. Norheim, L.C. Whitely Binder and Climate Impacts Group, 2005: Climate impacts on Washington’s hydropower, water supply, forests, fish, and agriculture. Prepared for King County (Washington) by the Climate Impacts Group (Center for Science in the Earth System, Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean, University of Washington, Seattle), 44 pp.

Ceron, J.P., 2000: Tourisme et changement climatique. Impacts Potentiels du Changement Climatique en France au XXIème Siècle. Premier ministre, Ministère de l’aménagement du territoire et de l’environnement, 1998, deuxième édition 2000, 104-111.

Ceron, J. and G. Dubois, 2005: The potential impacts of climate change on French tourism. Current Issues in Tourism, 8, 125-139.

Christie, F. and J. Hanlon, 2001: Mozambique and the Great Flood of 2000. James Currey for the International African Institute, Oxford, 176 pp.

Clark, W.C., and Co-authors, 2000: Assessing Vulnerability to Global Environmental Risks. Discussion Paper 2000-12. Report of the Workshop on Vulnerability to Global Environmental Change: Challenges for Research, Assessment and Decision Making. Warrenton, Virginia. Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs (BCSIA), Environment and Natural Resources Program, Kennedy School of Government, Harvard University, 14 pp.

Clichevsky, N., 2003: Urban land markets and disasters: floods in Argentina’s Cities. Building Safer Cities: The Future of Disaster Risk, A. Kreimer, M. Arnold and A. Carlin, Eds., World Bank, Washington, District of Columbia, 91-100.

Compton, K., T. Ermolieva and J.C. Linnerooth-Bayer, 2002: Integrated flood risk management for urban infrastructure: managing the flood risk to Vienna’s heavy rail mass rapid transit system. Proceedings of the Second Annual International IASA-DPRI Meeting: Integrated disaster risk management: megacity vulnerability and resilience, Laxenburg, Austria, International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, 20 pp.

Consodine, T.J., 2000: The impacts of weather variations on energy demand and carbon emissions. Resour. Energy Econ., 22, 295-314.

CRED (Centre for Research on the Epidemiology of Disasters), 2005: Disaster data: a balanced perspective. [Accessed 03.05.07: www.em-dat.net/documents/ CREDCRUNCH-aug20054.pdf]

Crichton, D., 2006: Climate change and its effects on small business in the UK. AXA Insurance UK plc., 41 pp.

Cross, J., 2001: Megacities and small towns: different perspectives on hazard vulnerability. Environmental Hazards, 3, 63-80.

Dinar, A., M.W. Rosegrant and R. Meinzen-Dick, 1997: Water allocation mechanisms: principles and examples. Policy Research Working Paper WPS 1779, World Bank, Washington, District of Columbia, 41 pp.

Dixon, T.H., F. Amelung, A. Ferretti, F. Novali, F. Rocca, R. Dokka, G. Sellall, S.-W. Kim, S. Wdowinski and D. Whitman, 2006: Subsidence and flooding in New Orleans. Nature, 441, 587-588.

Dow, K. and T. Wilbanks, 2003: Poverty and vulnerabilities to climate change. Briefing Note. Adaptation Research Workshop, New Delhi, ,5 pp.

Downing, T.E., 2002: Linking sustainable livelihoods and global climate change in vulnerable food systems. die Erde, 133, 363-378.

Downing, T.E., 2003: Lessons from famine early warning systems and food security for understanding adaptation to climate change: toward a vulnerability adaptation science? Climate Change, Adaptive Capacity and Development, J.B. Smith, R.J.T. Klein and S. Huq, Eds., Imperial College Press, London, 71-100.

Dubois, G. and J.P. Ceron, 2005: Changes in leisure/tourism mobility patterns facing the stake of global warming: the case of France. Belgeo, 1-2, 103-121.

Dyson, B., 2005: Throwing off the shackles: 2004 insurance performance rankings. Reactions, July 2005, 36-41

Eakin, H., 2006: Institutional change, climate risk, and rural vulnerability: cases from Central Mexico. World Dev., 33, 1923-1938.

Eakin, H. and M.C. Lemos, 2006: Adaptation and expectations of nation-state action: the challenge of capacity-building under globalization. Global Environ. Chang., 16, 7-18

Easterling, W.E., B.H. Hurd and J.B. Smith, 2004: Coping with global climate change: the role of adaptation in the United States. Pew Center on Global Climate Change, Arlington Virginia, 40 pp.

Eddowes, M.J., D. Waller, P. Taylor, B. Briggs, T. Meade and I. Ferguson, 2003: Railway safety implications of weather, climate and climate change. Report AEAT/RAIR/76148/R03/005 Issue 2, AEA Technology, Warrington, 141 pp.

Elsasser, H. and R. Burki, 2002: Climate change as a threat to tourism in the Alps. Climate Res., 20, 253-257.

Emanuel, K., 2005: Increasing destructiveness of tropical cyclones over the past 30 years. Nature, 434, 686-688.

Emmanuel, R, 2005: An Urban Approach to Climate Sensitive Design: Strategies for the Tropics, Taylor and Francis, Abingdon, Oxfordshire, 172 pp.

Environment Agency, 2004: Maintaining water supply. London, England, 74 pp.

Environment Canada, 1997: The Canada country study: climate impacts and adaptation. Adaptation and Impacts Research Group, Downsview, Ontario.

Enz, R., 2000: The S-curve relation between per-capita income and insurance penetration. Geneva Pap., 25, 396-406.

European Environment Agency, 2004: Impacts of Europe´s changing climate. European Environment Agency Report No 2/2004, Copenhagen, 100 pp.

Fairhead, J., 2004: Achieving sustainability in Africa. Targeting Development: Critical Perspectives on the Millennium Goals, R. Black and H. White, Eds., Routledge, London, 292-306.

Feng, H., L. Yu, and W. Solecki, Eds., 2006: Urban Dimensions of Environmental Change – Science, Exposure, Policies, and Technologies. Science Press, Monmouth Junction, New Jersey.

Ferguson J., 2003: From beedees to CDs: snapshots from a journey through India’s rural knowledge centres. International Institute for Communication and Development (IICD) Research Brief, No. 4, 8 pp.

Few, R., M. Ahern, F. Matthies and S. Kovats, 2004: Floods, health and climate change; a strategic review. Tyndall Centre for Climate Change Research, Working Paper No. 63, Norwich, 138 pp

Folland, C.K., and Co-authors, 2001: Observed climate variability. Climate Change 2001: The Scientific Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Third Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, J.T. Houghton, Y. Ding, D.J. Griggs, M. Noguer, P.J. van der Linden, X. Dai, K. Maskell and C.A. Johnson, Eds., Cambridge University Press, 99-182.

Fowler, H.J., M. Ekstrom, C.G. Kilsby and P.D. Jones, 2005: New estimates of future changes in extreme rainfall across the UK using regional climate model integrations. 1. Assessment of control climate. J. Hydrol., 300, 212-233.

Freeman, P. and K. Warner, 2001: Vulnerability of infrastructure to climate variability: how does this affect infrastructure lending policies? Disaster Management Facility of The World Bank and the ProVention Consortium, Washington, District of Columbia, 40 pp.

Freer, J., 2006: Insurance woes take toll on building sales. South Florida Business Journal. [Accessed 04.05.07: http://southflorida.bizjournals.com/southflorida/stories/2006/09/25/focus1.html?page=1]

Fukushima, T., M. Kureha, N. Ozaki, Y. Fukimori and H. Harasawa, 2003: Influences of air temperature change on leisure industries: case study on ski activities. Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Climate Change, 7, 173-189.

Gallopin, G., A. Hammond, P. Raskin and R. Swart, 1997: Branch points: global scenarios and human choice. Resource Paper of the Global Scenario Group, Stockholm Environment Institute (SEI), 55 pp.

Giannakopoulos, C. and B.E. Psiloglou, 2006: Trends in energy load demand in Athens, Greece: weather and non-weather related factors. Climate Res., 31, 91-108.

Gomez-Martin, B., 2005: Weather, climate and tourism: a geographical perspective. Ann. Tourism Res., 32, 571-591.

Gössling, S. and C.M. Hall, 2005: An introduction to tourism and global environmental change. Tourism and Global Environmental Change: Ecological, Social, Economic and Political Interrelationships, S. Gössling and C.M. Hall, Eds., Routledge, London, 1-34.

Graves, H.M. and M.C. Phillipson, 2000: Potential Implications of Climate Change in the Built Environment. FBE Report 2. Building Research Establishment Press, London, 74 pp.

Grossi, P. and H. Kunreuther, Eds., 2005: Catastrophe Modeling: a New Approach to Managing Risk, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 252 pp.

Gurenko, E., 2004: Building effective catastrophe insurance programs at the country level: a risk management perspective. Catastrophe Risk and Reinsurance: a Country Risk Management Perspective, Risk Books, London, 3-16.

Hadley, S.W., D.J. Erickson, J.L. Hernandez, C.T. Broniak and T.J. Blasing, 2006: Responses of energy use to climate change: a climate modeling study. Geophys. Res. Lett., 33, L17703, doi: 10.1029/2006GL026652.

Hallegatte, S., J.-C. Hourcade and P. Dumas, 2007: Why economic dynamics matter in assessing climate change damages: illustration on Extreme Events. Ecol. Econ., 62, 330-340.

Hamilton, J.M., D.J. Maddison and R.S.J. Tol, 2005: Climate change and international tourism: a simulation study. Global Environ. Chang., 15, 253-266.

Hamilton, L.C., D.E. Rohall, B.C. Brown, G.F. Hayward and B.D. Keim, 2003: Warming winters and New Hampshire’s lost ski areas: an integrated case study. International Journal of Sociology and Social Policy, 23, 52-68.

Harman, J., M. Gawith and M. Calley, 2005: Progress on assessing climate impacts through the UK Climate Impacts Programme. Weather, 60, 258-262.

Hartwig, R., 2006: Hurricane season of 2005: impacts on U.S. P/C insurance markets in 2006 and beyond. Presentation to the Insurance Information Institute, New York, 239 pp. [Accessed 04.05.07: http://www.iii.org/media/presentations/katrina/]

Hertin, J., F. Berkhout, D.M Gann and J. Barlow, 2003: Climate change and the UK house building sector: perceptions, impacts and adaptive capacity. Build. Res. Inf., 31, 278-290.

Hewer, F., 2006: Climate change and energy management: a scoping study on the impacts of climate change on the UK energy industry. UK Met Office, 18 pp.

Hogrefe, C., J. Biswas, B. Lynn, K. Civerolo, J-Y Ku, J. Rosenthal, C. Rosenweig, R. Goldberg and P.L. Kinney, 2004: Simulating regional-scale ozone climatology over the eastern United States: model evaluation results. Atmos. Environ., 38, 2627-2638.

Holman, I.P., M. Rounsevell, S. Shackley, P. Harrison, R. Nicholls, P. Berry and E. Audsley, 2005: A regional, multi-sectoral and integrated assessment of the impacts of climate and socio-economic change in the UK, Part I, Methodology, Part II, Results. Climatic Change, 71, 9-41 and 43-73.

Hough, M., 2004: Cities and Natural Processes: a Basis for Sustainability. Second Edition. Routledge, London, 292 pp.

Hunter, J.R., 2006: Testimony before the Committee on Banking, Housing and Urban Affairs of the United States Senate regarding proposals to reform the National Flood Insurance Program. Consumer Federation of America, 7 pp.

Instanes, A., O. Anisimov, L. Brigham, D. Goering, L.N. Khrustalev, B. Ladanyi and J.O. Larsen, 2005: Infrastructure: buildings, support systems, and industrial facilities. Arctic Climate Impact Assessment, ACIA, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 907-944.

IPCC, 2001: Climate Change 2001: Impacts, Adaptation, and Vulnerability. Contribution of Working Group II to the Third Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, J.J. McCarthy, O.F. Canziani, N.A. Leary, D.J. Dokken and K.S. White, Eds., Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1032 pp.

ISDR, 2004: Living With Risk: a Global Review of Disaster Reduction Initiatives. International Strategy for Disaster Reduction, United Nations, Geneva, 588 pp.

Jessop, B., 2002: Globalization and the national state. Paradigm Lost: State Theory Reconsidered, S. Aronowitz and P. Bratsis, Eds., University of Minnesota Press, Minneapolis, Minnesota, 185-220.

Jewson, S., A. Brix and C. Ziehman, 2005: Weather Derivative Valuation: the Meteorological, Statistical, Financial and Mathematical Foundations. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 390 pp.

Jollands, N., M. Ruth, C. Bernier and N. Golubiewski, 2005: Climate’s long-term impacts on New Zealand infrastructure - a Hamilton City case study. Proc. Ecological Economics in Action, New Zealand Centre for Ecological Economics, Palmerston North, New Zealand, 30 pp.

Jones, B. and D. Scott, 2007: Implications of climate change to Ontario’s provincial parks. Leisure, (in press).

Jones, B., D. Scott and H. Abi Khaled, 2006: Implications of climate change for outdoor event planning: a case study of three special events in Canada’s National Capital region. Event Management, 10, 63-76

Kainuma, M., Y. Matsuoka, T. Morita, T. Masui and K. Takahashi, 2004: Analysis of global warming stabilization scenarios: the Asian-Pacific Integrated Model. Energ. Econ., 26, 709-719.

Kates, R. and T. Wilbanks, 2003: Making the global local: responding to climate change concerns from the bottom up. Environment, 45, 12-23.

Kiernan, M., 2005: Climate change, investment risk, and fiduciary responsibility. The Finance of Climate Change, K. Tang, Ed., Risk Books, London, 211-226.

Kinney, P.L., J.E. Rosenthal, C. Rosenzweig, C. Hogrefe, W. Solecki, K. Knowlton, C. Small, B. Lynn, K. Civerolo, J.Y. Ku, R. Goldberg, and C. Oliveri. 2006: Assessing the potential public health impacts of changing climate and land use: the New York climate and health project. Regional Climate Change and Variability: Impacts and Responses, M. Ruth, K. Donaghy and P. Kirshen, Eds., Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham, 161-189.

Kirshen, P., M. Ruth and W. Anderson, 2006: Climate’s long-term impacts on urban infrastructures and services: the case of Metro Boston. Regional Climate Change and Variability: Impacts and Responses, M. Ruth, K. Donaghy and P.H. Kirshen, Eds., Edward Elgar Publishers, Cheltenham, 190-252.

Kirshen, P.H., 2002: Potential impacts of global warming in eastern Massachusetts. J. Water Res. Pl. and Management, 128, 216-226.

Kirshen, P.H., M.R. Ruth and W. Anderson, 2007: Interdependencies of urban climate change impacts and adaptation strategies: a case study of Metropolitan Boston, USA. Climatic Change, doi: 10.1007/s10584-007-9252-5.

Klein, R.J., T.J. Nicholls and J. Thomalla, 2003: The resilience of coastal mega cities to weather related hazards. Building Safer Cities: The Future of Climate Change, A. Kreimer, M. Arnold and A. Carlin, Eds., World Bank, Washington, District of Columbia, 101-121.

Klinenberg, E., 2002: Heat Wave: A Social Autopsy of Disaster in Chicago (Illinois). The University of Chicago Press, Chicago, Illinois, 238 pp.

Knowlton, K., J.E. Rosenthal, C. Hogrefe, B. Lynn, S. Gaffin, R. Goldberg, C. Rosenzweig, K. Civerolo, J.-Y. Ku and P.L. Kinney, 2004: Assessing ozone-related health impacts under a changing climate. Environ. Health Persp., 112, 1557-1563.

Kont, A., J. Jaagus and R. Aunap, 2003: Climate change scenarios and the effect of sea-level rise for Estonia. Global Planet. Change, 36, 1-15.

Kuik, O., 2003: Climate change policies, energy security and carbon dependency: trade-offs for the European Union in the longer term, International Environmental Agreements. Politics, Law and Economics, 3, 221-242

Lagadec, P., 2004. Understanding the French 2003 heat wave experience. Journal of Contingencies and Crisis Management, 12, 160-169.

Lancaster, J.W., M. Preene and C.T. Marshall, 2004: Development and flood risk: guidance for the construction industry, Report C624, CIRIA, London, 180 pp.

Lemos, M. and A. Agrawal, 2003: Environmental governance. Annual Review of Environmental Resources, 31, 297-325.

Lemos, M.C. and J.L.F. Oliveira, 2004: Can water reform survive politics? Institutional change and river basin management in Ceará, Northeast Brazil. World Dev., 32, 2121-2137.

Létard V., H. Flandre and S. Lepeltier, 2004: La France et les Français face à la canicule: les leçons d’une crise. Report No. 195 (2003-2004) to the Sénat, Government of France, 391 pp.

Lewsey, C., G. Cid and E. Kruse, 2004: Assessing climate change impacts on coastal infrastructure in the Eastern Caribbean. Mar. Policy, 28, 393-409.

Lin, C.W.R. and H.Y.S. Chen, 2003: Dynamic allocation of uncertain supply for the perishable commodity supply chain. Int. J. Prod. Res., 41, 3119-3138.

Linnerooth-Bayer, J., R. Mechler and G. Pflug, 2005: Refocusing disaster aid. Science, 309, 1044-1046.

Lisø, K.R., G. Aandahl, S. Eriksen and K. Alfsen, 2003: Preparing for climate change impacts in Norway’s built environment. Build. Res. Inf., 31, 200-209.

Livermore, M.T.J., 2005: The potential impacts of climate change in Europe: the role of extreme temperature. Phd Thesis, University of East Anglia, 436pp.

London Climate Change Partnership, 2004: London’s Warming: A Climate Change Impacts in London Evaluation Study, London, 293 pp.

London, J.B., 2004: Implications of climate change on small island developing states: experience in the Caribbean region. Journal of Environmental Management and Planning, 47, 491-501.

Maddison, D., 2001: In search of warmer climates? The impact of climate change on flows of British tourists. Climatic Change, 49, 193-208.

Marris, E., 2005: First tests show flood waters high in bacteria and lead. News@Nature, 437, 301-301.

Matzarakis, A., and C.R. de Freitas, Eds., 2001: Proceedings of the 1st International Workshop on Climate, Tourism and Recreation. International Society of Biometeorology, Commission on Climate, Tourism and Recreation, 274 pp.

Matzarakis, A., C.R. de Freitas and D. Scott, Eds., 2004: Advances in Tourism Climatology. Berichte des Meteorologischen Institutes der Universität Freiburg N° 12, 260 pp.

McCarthy, K., D.J. Peterson, N. Sastry and M. Pollard, 2006: The repopulation of New Orleans after Hurricane Katrina. Technical Report, Santa Monica, RAND Gulf States Policy Institute, 59 pp.

McGranahan, G., D. Balk and B. Anderson, 2006: Low coastal zones settlements. Tiempo, 59, 23-26.

McKenzie, K. and K. Parlee, 2003: The road ahead – adapting to climate change in Atlantic Canada, Elements. [Accessed 08.05.07: http://www.elements.nb.ca /theme/climate03/cciarn/adapting.htm]

Mendelsohn, R., Ed., 2001: Global Warming and the American Economy: A Regional Assessment of Climate Change Impacts. Edward Elgar Publisher, Aldershot, Hampshire, 209 pp.

Millennium Ecosystem Assessment, 2005: Ecosystems and Human Well-being, Volume 4: Multiscale Assessments, D. Capistrano, C.K. Samper, M.J. Lee and C. Raudsepp-Hearne, Eds., Island Press, Washington, District of Columbia, 412 pp.

Mills, B. and J. Andrey, 2002: Climate change and transportation: potential interactions and impacts. Summary and Discussion Papers of a Federal Research Partnership Workshop on The Potential Impacts of Climate Change on Transportation, Washington, District of Columbia, US Department of Transport, 77-88.

Mills E., 2004: Insurance as an adaptation strategy for extreme weather events in developing countries and economies in transition: new opportunities for public-private partnerships. Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Paper LBNL-52220, 134 pp.

Mitchell, R. and P. Romero Lankao, 2004: Institutions, science and technology in a transition to sustainability. Earth System Analysis for Sustainability, H.-J. Schellnhuber, P.J. Crutzen, W.C. Clark, M. Claussen and H. Helm, Eds., MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 387-408.

Molina, M.J. and L.T. Molina, 2002: Air Quality in the Mexico Megacity: An Integrated Assessment, Kluwer, Dordrecht, Netherlands, 408 pp.

Mortimore, M.J., 1989: Adapting to Drought: Farmers, Famines, and Desertification in West Africa. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 299 pp.

Muir Wood, R., S. Miller and A. Boissonade, 2006: The Search for Trends in Global Catastrophe Losses. Final Workshop Report on Climate Change and Disaster Losses: Understanding and Attributing Trends and Projections, Hohenkammer, Munich, 188-194 [Accessed 08.05.07: http://sciencepolicy.colorado.edu/sparc/research/projects/extreme_events/munich_workshop/workshop_report.html]

Munich Re, 2005: Weather Catastrophes and Climate Change: is There Still Hope for Us? Munich, 264 pp.

NACC, 2000: Climate Change Impacts on the United States: The Potential Consequences of Climate Variability and Change. U.S. Global Change Research Program, Washington, District of Columbia, 154 pp.

Naki?enovi?, N., and R. Swart, Eds., 2000: IPCC Special Report on Emissions Scenarios,. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 599 pp.

National Research Council, 2002: Abrupt Climate Change: Inevitable Surprises. Washington, National Academies Press, Washington, District of Columbia, 244 pp.

Nelson, F.E., O.A. Anisimov and N.I. Shiklomanov, 2001: Subsidence risk from thawing permafrost. Nature, 410, 889-890.

Nicholls, R.J., 2004: Coastal flooding and wetland loss in the 21st century: changes under the SRES climate and socio-economic scenarios. Global Environ. Chang., 14, 69-86.

Nicholls, R. and R. Tol, 2006: Impacts and responses to sea-level rise: a global analysis of the SRES scenarios over the 21st century. Philos. T. R. Soc. A, 364, 1073-1095.

NRC, 2006: Understanding Multiple Environmental Stresses: Report of a Workshop. National Academies Press, Washington, District of Columbia, 142 pp.

NRDC, 2004: Heat advisory: how global warming causes more bad air days. National Resources Defense Council, Washington, District of Columbia, 30 pp.

O’Brien, K. and R.M. Leichenko, 2000: Double exposure: assessing the impact of climate change within the context of economic globalization. Global Environ. Chang., 10, 221-232.

O’Brien, K.L. and R.M. Leichenko, 2003: Winners and losers in the context of global change. Ann. Assoc. Am. Geogr., 93, 89-103.

O’Brien, K., L. Sygna and J.E. Haugen, 2004: Vulnerable or resilient? a multi-scale assessment of climate impacts and vulnerability in Norway. Climatic Change, 62, 75-113.

O’Brien, K.L., S. Eriksen, L. Sygna and L.O. Næss, 2006: Questioning complacency: climate change impacts, vulnerability and adaptation in Norway. Ambio, 35, 50-56.

Ocampo, J.A. and J. Martin, Eds., 2003: A Decade of Light and Shadow: Latin America and the Caribbean in the 1990s. LC/G.2205-P/I, Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean, 355 pp.

O’Connell, M. and R. Hargreaves, 2004: Climate change adaptation: guidance on adapting New Zealand’s built environment for the impacts of climate change. Study Report No. 130 (2004) BRANZ Ltd, New Zealand, 51 pp.

Office of Seattle Auditor, 2005: Climate change will impact the Seattle (USA) Department of Transportation. City of Seattle, Washington, 58 pp.

Oke, T.R., 1982: The energetic basis of the urban heat island. Qu. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 108, 1-24.

ORNL/CUSAT 2003: Possible vulnerabilities of Cochin, India, to climate change impacts and response strategies to increase resilience. Oak Ridge National Laboratory and Cochin University of Science and Technology, 44 pp.

PAHO, 1998: Natural Disaster Mitigation in Drinking Water and Sewerage Systems: Guidelines for Vulnerability Analysis. Pan-american Health Organization, Washington, District of Columbia, 90 pp.

Parkinson, J. and O. Mark, 2005: Urban Storm water Management in Developing Countries. IWA, London, 240 pp.

Parry, M.L., Ed., 2000: Assessment of potential effects and adaptations for climate change in Europe. Jackson Environmental Institute, University of East Anglia, Norwich, 320 pp.

Parry, M., N. Arnell, T. McMichael, R. Nicholls, P. Martens, S. Kovats, M. Livermore, C. Rosenzweig, A. Iglesias and G. Fischer, 2001: Millions at risk: defining critical climate change threats and targets. Global Environ. Chang., 11, 181-83.

Parson, E.A., and Co-authors, 2003: Understanding climatic impacts, vulnerabilities, and adaptation in the United States: building a capacity for assessment. Climatic Change, 57, 9-42.

Perry, A., 2004: Sports tourism and climate variability. Advances in Tourism Climatology, A. Matzarakis, C.R. de Freitas and D. Scott, Eds., Frieburg, Berichte desw Meteorologischen Institutes der Universitat Freiburg, 174-179.

Pielke R.A., C. Landsea, M. Mayfield, J. Lavel and R. Pasch, 2005: Hurricanes and global warming. B. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 86, 1571-1575.

Pinho, O. and M. Orgaz, 2000: The urban heat island in a small city in coastal Portugal. International Journal of Biometeorology, 44, 198-200.

ProVention Consortium, 2004: Experiences in Micro-Insurance. Report on ProVention Consortium International Workshop, Zurich, 11 pp.

Raskin, P., F. Monks, T. Ribiero, D. van Vuuren and M. Zurek, 2005: Global scenarios in historical perspective. Ecosystems and Human Well-being: Scenarios, Findings of the Scenarios Working Group, Millennium Ecosystem Assessment, S.R. Carpenter, P.L. Pingali, E.M. Bennett and M.B. Zurek, Eds., Island Press, London, 35-44.

REC (Renewable Energy Centre), 2004: Strategies for reducing the vulnerability of energy systems to natural disasters in the Caribbean. Working Paper Series 2004-1. Barbados Renewable Energy Centre, Bridgetown, Barbados, 16 pp.

Rhode, T.E., 1999: Integrating urban and agriculture water management in southern Morocco. Arid Lands Newsletter, 45.

Romero Lankao, P., 2006: ¿Hacia una gestión sustentable del agua? Alcances y límites de la descentralización hidráulica en la ciudad de México? La Gestión del Agua Urbana en México, D. Barkin, Ed., UdeG/UAM Xochimilco, Mexico, 173-196.

Romero-Lankao, P., H. Lopez, A. Rosass, G. Guenter and Z. Correa, Eds., 2005: Can Cities Reduce Global Warming? Urban Development and Carbon Cycle in Latin America. IAI/UAM-X/IHDP/GCP, Mexico City, 92 pp.

Rosenzweig, C. and W.D. Solecki, 2001a: Climate Change and a Global City: The Metropolitan East Coast Regional Assessment. Columbia Earth Institute, New York, 24 pp.

Rosenzweig, C. and W.D. Solecki, 2001b: Global environmental change and a global city: Lessons for New York. Environment, 43, 8-18.

Rosenzweig, C., W.D. Solecki, L. Parshall, M. Chopping, G. Pope and R. Goldberg, 2005: Characterizing the urban heat island in current and future climates in New Jersey. Global Environ. Chang., 6, 51-62.

Ruosteenoja, K., T.R. Carter, K. Jylhä and H. Tuomenvirta, 2003: Future Climate In World Regions: an Intercomparison of Model-Based Projections for the New IPCC Emissions Scenarios. Finnish Environment Institute, Helsinki, 83 pp.

Ruth, M., B. Davidsdottir and A. Amato, 2004: Climate change policies and capital vintage effects: the case of U.S. pulp and paper, iron and steel, and ethylene. J. Environ. Manage., 70, 235-252.

Salagnac, J.L., 2004: French perspective on emerging climate change issues. Build. Res. Inf., 32, 67-70.

Sanders, C.H. and M.C. Phillipson, 2003: UK adaptation strategy and technical measures: the impacts of climate change on buildings. Build. Res. Inf., 31, 210-221.

Sanderson, D., 2000: Cities, disasters and livelihoods. Environ. Urban., 12, 93-102.

Scoones, I., and Co-authors, 1996: Hazards and Opportunities: Farming Livelihoods in Dryland Africa: Lessons from Zimbabwe. Zed Books, London, 288 pp.

Scott, D., B. Jones and G. McBoyle, 2005a: Climate, tourism and recreation: a bibliography, 1936 to 2005. University of Waterloo, Canada, 38 pp.

Scott, D., G. Wall and G. McBoyle, 2005b: The evolution of the climate change issue in the tourism sector. Tourism Recreation and Climate Change, M. Hall and J. Higham, Eds., Channelview Press, London, 44-60.

Scott, M. and Co-authors, 2001: Human settlements, energy, and industry. Climate Change 2001: Impacts, Adaptation, and Vulnerability. Contribution of Working Group II to the Third Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, J.J. McCarthy, O.F. Canziani, N.A. Leary, D.J. Dokken and K.S. White, Eds., Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 381-416.

Shashua-Bar, L. and M.E. Hoffman, 2002: The Green CTTC model for predicting the air temperature in small urban wooded sites. Build. Environ., 37, 1279-1288.

Shashua-Bar, L. and M.E. Hoffman, 2004: Quantitative evaluation of passive cooling of the UCL microclimate in hot regions in summer, case study: urban streets and courtyards with trees. Build. Environ., 39, 1087-1099.

Shepherd, J.M., H. Pierce and A.J. Negri, 2002: Rainfall modification by major urban areas: Observations from spaceborne rain radar on the TRMM satellite. J. Appl. Meteorol., 41, 689-701.

Sherbinin, A., A. Schiller and A. Pulsiphe, 2006: The vulnerability of global cities to climate hazards. Environ. Urban., 12, 93-102.

Shiklomanov, I.A., 2000: Appraisal and assessment of world water resources. Water Int., 25, 11-32.

Shimoda, Y., 2003: Adaptation measures for climate change and the urban heat island in Japan’s built environment. Build. Res. Inf., 31, 222-230.

Shukla, P.R., M. Kapshe and A. Garg, 2005: Development and climate: impacts and adaptation for infrastructure assets in India. Proc. OECD Global Forum on Sustainable Development: Development and Climate Change, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, Paris, 38 pp.

Smit, B., I. Burton, R.J.T. Klein and J. Wandel, 2000: An anatomy of adaptation to climate change and variability. Climatic Change, 45, 223-251.

Smith, J.B., and Co-authors, 2001: Vulnerability to climate change and reasons for concern: a synthesis. Climate Change 2001: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability. Contribution of Working Group II to the Third Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, J.J. McCarthy, O.F. Canziani, N.A. Leary, D.J. Dokken and K.S. White, Eds., Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 913-967.

Solecki, W.D. and C. Rosenzweig, 2007: Climate change and the city: observations from metropolitan New York. Cities and Environmental Change, X. Bai, T. Graedel, A. Morishima, Eds., Yale University Press, New York, (in press).

Spence, R., A. Brown, P. Cooper and C.T. Bedford, 2004: Whether to Strengthen? Risk analysis for Strengthening decision-making. Proc. Henderson Colloquium 2004: Designing for the Consequence of Hazards, International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineers, Cambridge, Paper 12, 7 pp.

Sperling, F. and F. Szekely, 2005: Disaster risk management in a changing climate. Preprints, World Conference on Disaster Reduction, Kobe, Vulnerability and Adaptation Resource Group (VARG), World Bank, Washington, District of Columbia, 45 pp

Stern, N., 2007: Stern Review on the Economics of Climate Change, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 692 pp.

Subak, S. and Co-authors, 2000: The impact of the anomalous weather of 1995 on the U.K. economy. Climatic Change, 44, 1-26.

Swiss Re, 1998: Floods: an Insurable Risk? Swiss Reinsurance Company, Zurich, 51 pp.

Swiss Re, 2004: Tackling climate change. Focus report, Swiss Reinsurance Company, Zurich, 10 pp.

Taha, H., 1996: Modeling the impacts of increased urban vegetation on ozone air quality in the south coast air basin. Atmos. Environ., 30, 3423-3430.

Taha, H., S. Douglas and J. Haney, 1997: Mesoscale meteorological and air quality impacts of increased urban albedo and vegetation. Energ. Buildings, 25, 169-177.

Thomas, D.S.C. and C. Twyman, 2005: Equity and justice in climate change adaptation among natural-resource dependent societies. Global Environ. Chang., 15, 115-124.

Tol, R.S.J., 2002a: Estimates of the damage costs of climate change, Part I: Benchmark estimates. Environ. Resour. Econ., 21, 47-73.

Tol, R.S.J., 2002b: Estimates of the damage costs of climate change, Part II: Dynamic estimates. Environ. Resour. Econ., 21, 135-160.

Tol, R., and Co-authors, 2006: Adaptation to five metres of sea level rise. J. Risk Res., 9, 467-482.

Toth, F. and T. Wilbanks, 2004: Considering the technical and socioeconomic assumptions included in the SRES scenario families in AR-4 WGII. IPCC Working Group II Supporting Papers, Fourth Assessment Report, Technical Support Unit, Exeter, 16 pp.

Turner, B., R. Kasperson, W. Meyer, K. Kow, D. Golding, J. Kasperson, R. Mitchell and S. Ratick, 1990: Two types of global environmental change: Definitional and spatial scale issues in their human dimensions. Global Environ. Chang., 1, 14-22.

Turner, B.L. II, and Co-authors, 2003a: A framework for vulnerability analysis in sustainability science. P. Natl. Acad. Sci., 100, 8074-8079.

Turner, B.L., and Co-authors, 2003b: Illustrating the coupled human-environment system for vulnerability analysis: three case studies. P. Natl. Acad. Sci., 100, 8080-8085.

Twardosz, R., 1996: La variabilité des précipitations atmosphériques en Europe Centrale pendant la période 1850-1995. Publications de l’Association Internationale de Climatologie, 9, 520-527.

UK Water Industry Research, 2004: Climate change and the hydraulic design of sewerage systems: summary report. Report 03/CC/10/0, UKWIR, London, 27 pp.

UN, 2004: UN Population Prospects: the 2004 Revision Population Database. [Accessed 09.05.07: http://esa.un.org/unpp]

UNDP, and Co-authors, 2003: Poverty and Climate Change: Reducing the Vulnerability of the Poor through Adaptation. African Development Bank, Asian Development Bank, Department for International Development - UK, Directorate-General for Development - European Commission, Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development - Germany, Ministry of Foreign Affairs - the Netherlands, Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development, United Nations Development Programme, United Nations Environmental Programme and the World Bank, 43 pp

UNEP, 2002: Climate change and the financial services industry. Report prepared for the UNEP Finance Initiatives Climate Change Working Group by Innovest, UN Environment Programme, 84 pp.

UN-Habitat, 2003: The Challenge of Slums: Global Report on Human Settlements 2003. Earthscan Publications, London, 352 pp.

UNISDR, 2004: Living With Risk: a Global Review of Disaster Risk Reduction Initiatives. United Nations, 588 pp. [Accessed 09.05.07: http://www.unisdr.org/eng/ about_isdr/bd-lwr-2004-eng.htm]

United Nations, 2006: World Urbanization Prospects: the 2005 Revision. United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division, CD-ROM Edition – Data in digital form (POP/DB/WUP/Rev.2005), United Nations, New York.

Unruh, J., M. Krol and N. Kliot, 2004. Environmental Change and its Implications for Population Migration. Advances in global change research, Vol. 20, Springer, New York, 313 pp.

Uyarra, M., I. Cote, J. Gill, R. Tinch, D. Viner and A.L Watkinson, 2005: Island-specific preferences of tourists for environmental features: implications of climate change for tourism-dependent states. Environ. Conserv., 32, 11-19.

Valor, E., V. Meneu and V. Caselles, 2001: Daily temperature and electricity load in Spain. J. Appl. Meteorol., 40, 1413-1421.

Van Kooten, C., 2004: Climate Change Economics: Why International Accords Fail. Edward Elgar, Cheltenham, Gloucestershire, 176 pp.

Van Dijk, H., M. de Bruijn and W. van Beek, 2004: Pathways to mitigate climate variability and climate change. The Impact of Climate Change on Drylands: With a Focus on West Africa, A.J. Dietz, R. Ruben and A. Verhagen, Eds., Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht/Boston/London, 173-206.

Velásquez, L.S., 2005: The Bioplan: decreasing poverty in Manizales, Colombia, through shared environmental management. Reducing Poverty and Sustaining the Environment, S. Bass, H. Reid, D. Satterthwaite and P. Steele, Eds., EarthScan Publications, London, 44-72.

Vellinga and Co-authors, 2001: Insurance and other financial services. Climate Change 2001: Impacts, Adaptation, and Vulnerability. Contribution of Working Group II to the Third Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, J.J. McCarthy, O.F. Canziani, N.A. Leary, D.J. Dokken and K.S. White, Eds., Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 417-450.

Voisin, N., A.F. Hamlet, L.P. Graham, D.W. Pierce, T P. Barnett and D.P. Lettenmaier, 2006: The role of climate forecasts in western U.S. power planning. J. Appl. Meteorol., 45, 653-673.

WHO/Unicef, 2000: Global Water Supply and Sanitation Assessment 2000 Report. World Health Organization with Unicef, Geneva, 79 pp.

Wilbanks, T.J., 2003a: Geographic scaling issues in integrated assessments of climate change. Scaling Issues in Integrated Assessment, J. Rotmans and D. Rothman, Eds., Swets and Zeitlinger, Lisse, 5-34.

Wilbanks, T.J., 2003b: Integrating climate change and sustainable development in a place-based context. Clim. Policy, 3, S147-S154.

Wilbanks, T.J., S.M. Kane, P.N. Leiby, R.D. Perlack, C. Settle, J.F. Shogren and J.B. Smith, 2003: Possible responses to global climate change: integrating mitigation and adaptation. Environment, 45, 28-38.

Wilbanks, T.J., P. Leiby, R. Perlack, J.T. Ensminger and S.B. Wright, 2005: Toward an integrated analysis of mitigation and adaptation: some preliminary findings. Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change.

Willows, R. and R. Connell, Eds., 2003: Climate adaptation: risk, uncertainty and decision-making. UKCIP Technical Report, Oxford, 154 pp.

Winchester, P., 2000: Cyclone mitigation, resource allocation and post-disaster reconstruction in South India: Lessons from two decades of research. Disasters, 24, 18-37.

Wisner, B., 2003: Disaster risk reduction in megacities: making the best of human and social capital. Building Safer Cities: The Future of Climate Change, A. Kreimer, M. Arnold and A. Carlin, Eds., World Bank, Washington, District of Columbia, 181-196.

Wolmer, W. and I. Scoones, Eds., 2003: Livelihoods in crisis: new perspectives on governance and rural development in southern Africa. IDS Bulletin, 34.

Wood, G. and S. Salway, 2000: Securing livelihoods in Dhaka slums. Journal of International Development, 12, 669-688.

Woon, G. and D. Rose, 2004: Why the whole island floods now. Nassau Guardian and Tribune, November 25, 2004. [Accessed 09.05.07: http://www.unesco.org /csi/smis/siv/Caribbean/bahart3-nassau.htm.]

World Bank, 2000: A preliminary assessment of damage from the flood and cyclone emergency of February-March 2000. Republic of Mozambique, World Bank, 38 pp. [Accessed 09.05.07: http://siteresources.worldbank.org/INTDISMGMT/Resources/WB_flood_damages_Moz.pdf]

World Bank, 2006: World Development Indicators. The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development, The World Bank, Washington District of Columbia, 242 pp. [Accessed 09.05.07: http://devdata.worldbank.org/wdi2006/]

World Tourism Organization, 2003: Climate change and tourism. Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Climate Change and Tourism, Djerba, Tunisia, World Tourism Organization, 55 pp.

Wright, E.L. and J.D. Erickson, 2003: Climate variability, economic adaptation and investment timing. Int. J. Global Env. Issues, 3, 357-368.

Zapata-Marti, R., 2004: The 2004 hurricanes in the Caribbean and the tsunami in the Indian Ocean: lessons and policy challenges for development and disaster reduction. Estudios y perspectivas series, 35, LC/MEX/L.672, 62 pp.