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IPCC Fourth Assessment Report: Climate Change 2007
Climate Change 2007: Working Group III: Mitigation of Climate Change
Contents4

Chapter 4: Energy Supply

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

4.1 Introduction

4.1.1 Summary of Third Assessment Report (TAR)

4.2 Status of the sector

4.2.1 Global development trends in the energy sector (production and consumption)

4.2.2 Emission trends of all GHGs

4.2.3 Regional development trends

4.2.4 Implications of sustainable development and energy access

4.3 Primary energy resource potentials, supply chain and conversion technologies

4.3.1 Fossil fuels

4.3.2 Nuclear energy

4.3.3 Renewable energy

4.3.4 Energy carriers

4.3.5 Combined heat and power (CHP)

4.3.6 Carbon dioxide capture and storage (CCS)

4.3.7 Transmission, distribution, and storage

4.3.8 Decentralized energy

4.3.9 Recovered energy

4.4 Mitigation costs and potentials of energy supply

4.4.1. Carbon dioxide emissions from energy supply by 2030

4.4.2 Cost analyses

4.4.3 Evaluation of costs and potentials for low-carbon, energy-supply technologies

4.4.4 Electricity-supply sector mitigation potential and cost of GHG emission avoidance

4.5 Policies and instruments

4.5.1 Emission reduction policies

4.5.2 Air quality and pollution

4.5.3 Co-benefits of mitigation policies

4.5.4 Implications of energy supply on sustainable development

4.5.5 Vulnerability and adaptation

4.5.6 Technology Research, Development, Demonstration, plus Deployment (RD3)

REFERENCES

Coordinating Lead Authors:

Ralph E.H. Sims (New Zealand), Robert N. Schock (USA)

Lead Authors:

Anthony Adegbululgbe (Nigeria), Jørgen Fenhann (Denmark), Inga Konstantinaviciute (Lithuania), William Moomaw (USA), Hassan B. Nimir (Sudan), Bernhard Schlamadinger (Austria), Julio Torres-Martínez (Cuba), Clive Turner (South Africa), Yohji Uchiyama (Japan), Seppo J.V. Vuori (Finland), Njeri Wamukonya (Kenya), Xiliang Zhang (China)

Contributing Authors:

Arne Asmussen (Germany), Stephen Gehl (USA), Michael Golay (USA), Eric Martinot (USA)

Review Editors:

Hans Larsen (Denmark), José Roberto Moreira (Brazil)

This chapter should be cited as:

R.E.H. Sims, R.N. Schock, A. Adegbululgbe, J. Fenhann, I. Konstantinaviciute, W. Moomaw, H.B. Nimir, B. Schlamadinger,