Figure 1.1a Global anthropogenic greenhouse gas trends, 1970–2004.

One-hundred year global warming potentials (GWPs) from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) 1996 (SAR) were used to convert emissions to CO₂ equivalents (see the UNFCCC reporting guidelines). Gases are those reported under UNFCCC reporting guidelines. The uncertainty in the graph is quite large for CH₄ and N₂O (of the order of 30–50%) and even larger for CO₂ from agriculture and forestry.

Notes:

1. Other N₂O includes industrial processes, deforestation/savannah burning, waste water and waste incineration.

2. Other is CH₄ from industrial processes and savannah burning.

3. Including emissions from bio energy production and use.

4. CO₂ emissions from decay (decomposition) of above ground biomass that remains after logging and deforestation and CO₂ from peat fires and decay of drained peat soils.

5. As well as traditional biomass use at 10% of total, assuming 90% is from sustainable biomass production. Corrected for the 10% of carbon in biomass that is assumed to remain as charcoal after combustion.

6. For large-scale forest and scrubland biomass burning averaged data for 1997-2002 based on Global Fire Emissions Data base satellite data.

7. Cement production and natural gas flaring.

8. Fossil fuel use includes emissions from feedstocks.

Source: Adapted from Olivier et al., 2005; 2006; Hooijer et al., 2006

Figure 1.1b Global anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions in 2004.

Source: Adapted from Olivier et al., 2005, 2006