Report by UK

First Order Draft, Entire Report:
UK
REVIEW OF AR5 CHAPTER 15
View full comment by Ian Bailey...

First Order Draft, Entire Report:
UK
Ian Bailey
View full comment by Ian Bailey...

First Order Draft, Entire Report:
UK
My research collaborator Hugh Compston and I suggest that Chapter 15 could be made more useful for efforts to strengthen mitigation by incorporating more material on political opportunities for governments that want to take more effective action. Although the introduction to Ch. 15 briefly describes definitions and functions of institutions and governance, the excerpt on governance is restricted to pointing out that governance conceptualizes decision-making as a process invol
View full comment by Ian Bailey...

First Order Draft, Entire Report:
UK
Political barriers at the national level have proven to be decisive obstructions to climate mitigation policy in most, if not all, states and have been particularly prominent in key states like the USA, Australia, India and China. Greater analysis is therefore needed within Chapter 15 of the nature of these barriers and how they might be overcome. The types of political barrier falling within this category include problems such as:
View full comment by Ian Bailey...

First Order Draft, Entire Report:
UK
·         Threats by major corporations to withdraw or delay investments from a country in response to a proposed emissions-reduction measure; the withholding or manipulation of emissions, financial, market or technical information by companies; and non-cooperation with the implementation of manipulation policies within the boundary of national law;
View full comment by Ian Bailey...

First Order Draft, Entire Report:
UK
·         Adverse public opinion towards an actual or proposed mitigation policy, as indicated by election results and opinion polls, due to factors such as the costs of mitigating actions. This may be aggravated by unfavourable media coverage and campaigns by opposition political parties;
View full comment by Ian Bailey...

First Order Draft, Entire Report:
UK
·         Partisan politics, as Section 15.5.4.1 notes in relation to emissions trading in Australia and which can also be observed in Canadian and US climate politics.
View full comment by Ian Bailey...

First Order Draft, Entire Report:
UK
It is clear that these and other pressures have constrained national mitigation policies by increasing the risk that governing parties and individual politicians will either be unable to introduce stronger climate policies (policy blocks) or will suffer serious political damage if they do introduce new climate policies (policy penalties). Such pressures particularly affect democratic governments and acts as a strong disincentive for strong mitigation action, but may also be
View full comment by Ian Bailey...

First Order Draft, Entire Report:
UK
Passey, R., Bailey, I., Twomey, P. and MacGill, I. (2012) The inevitability of ‘flotilla policies’ as complements or alternatives to flagship emissions trading schemes, Energy Policy, 48, 551-561, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2012.05.059.
View full comment by Ian Bailey...

First Order Draft, Entire Report:
UK
These pressures apply in both one-party and multi-party systems, and across a multitude of governance scales. The purpose of including a systematic analysis of political obstacles would not be to advocate particular actions or to make any statements that could be seen as political, since this is beyond the remit of AR5, but simply to describe the nature of political obstacles to mitigation policies and provide an impartial and informative review of the political options avail
View full comment by Ian Bailey...

First Order Draft, Entire Report:
UK
A wide literature exists on this topic. We recommend the following sources in particular:
View full comment by Ian Bailey...

First Order Draft, Entire Report:
UK
Bailey, I and Compston, H. (eds) 2012 Feeling the Heat: the politics of climate policy in rapidly industrializing countries, Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.
View full comment by Ian Bailey...

First Order Draft, Entire Report:
UK
Bailey, I. and Compston, H. 2010 Serendipity is still not a strategy: geography and the politics of climate policy, Geography Compass 4 (8), 1097-1114
View full comment by Ian Bailey...

First Order Draft, Entire Report:
UK
Bailey, I., MacGill, I., Passey, R. and Compston, H. (in press 2012) The demise of the Australian Carbon Pollution Reduction Scheme: a political strategy analysis, Environmental Politics, 31 (5): doi:10.1080/09644016.2012.705066.
View full comment by Ian Bailey...

First Order Draft, Entire Report:
UK
Bulkeley, H. and Newell, P. (2010) Governing climate change. Abingdon: Routledge.
View full comment by Ian Bailey...

First Order Draft, Entire Report:
UK
Carter, N. (2008) Combatting climate change in the UK: challenges and obstacles, Political Quarterly, 79, 194–205.
View full comment by Ian Bailey...

First Order Draft, Entire Report:
UK
Compston, H. and Bailey, I. (eds) 2008 Turning down the heat: the politics of climate policy in affluent democracies, Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.
View full comment by Ian Bailey...

First Order Draft, Entire Report:
UK
Compston, H. and Bailey, I. 2012 Climate Clever: how governments can reduce emissions and still win elections, Abingdon: Routledge.
View full comment by Ian Bailey...

First Order Draft, Entire Report:
UK
Giddens, A. (2011) The politics of climate change (second edition), Cambridge: Polity Press.
View full comment by Ian Bailey...

First Order Draft, Entire Report:
UK
Pralle, S. (2009) Agenda-setting and climate change. Environmental Politics, 18, 781–799.
View full comment by Ian Bailey...

First Order Draft, Entire Report:
UK
Stadelmann-Steffen, I. (2011) Citizens as veto players: climate change policy and the constraints of direct democracy, Environmental Politics, 20 (4): 485-507.
View full comment by Ian Bailey...

First Order Draft, Entire Report:
UK
Compston and Bailey (2012) and Bailey and Compston (2012) provide especially detailed theoretical and empirical investigations of political options. These options include:
View full comment by Ian Bailey...

First Order Draft, Entire Report:
UK
·         Unilateral action, for example taking small steps on many fronts, and introducing contentious policies early in a term of office to allow opposition to subside and benefits to become clearer before the next election;
View full comment by Ian Bailey...

First Order Draft, Entire Report:
UK
·         Using communications to change other actors’ policy preferences not only by providing accurate information on climate change and possible policy responses but also through stressing the co-benefits of climate policy for other, such as energy security, employment and regional development, and using metaphors and analogies to make ideas more accessible and appealing to target audiences;
View full comment by Ian Bailey...

First Order Draft, Entire Report:
UK
·         Trading policy amendments for support, either amendments that relate to the climate policy under discussion, such as by providing transitional assistance, or amendments to other types of policies, such as business regulation;
View full comment by Ian Bailey...

First Order Draft, Entire Report:
UK
·         Improving the bargaining position of advocates of strong policies by means such as integrating climate and energy ministries, and seeking cross-party consensus on climate change.
View full comment by Ian Bailey...

First Order Draft, Entire Report:
UK
Assuming no change in the structure of the chapter, the most appropriate place to insert material on political barriers and opportunities would appear to be 15.9 Barriers to Mitigation. This is currently focused on developing countries. Among other things a more comprehensive approach would replace Table 15.3 with a table showing constraints for countries whose actions can make a bigger contribution to reducing greenhouse-gas emissions, such as China and/or India (because of
View full comment by Ian Bailey...

First Order Draft, Entire Report:
UK
Bailey, I and Compston, H. (eds) 2012 Feeling the Heat: the politics of climate policy in rapidly industrializing countries, Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.
View full comment by Ian Bailey...

First Order Draft, Entire Report:
UK
Compston, H. and Bailey, I. (eds) 2008 Turning down the heat: the politics of climate policy in affluent democracies, Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.
View full comment by Ian Bailey...

First Order Draft, Entire Report:
UK
Conflict resolution strategies are essential to resolving international, inter-organisational and cross geopolitical ideological differences. However, current strategies (apparently) follow normative, reductionist paradigms eschewing the human dimension in favour of the sublimely 'objective' allusion. It is time to embrace post-positivist, 'humanistic' methodologies as the subject matter so implores: passion, compassion, empathy - the full gamut of the human (and other creatu
View full comment by Timothy Barker...

First Order Draft, Entire Report:
UK
There does not seem to be a systematic approach to searching for and assessing the quality and validity of specific articles. I think it will be important to have a transparent and defensible approach to deciding which papers to reference and why. Ideally search strategies for relevant articles should be publically available and quality criteria should be published, not necessarily in the main report but somewhere on the IPCC website.
View full comment by Andy Haines...

First Order Draft, Entire Report:
UK
Colour coding of charts, in particular gradations on a particular shade, make them difficult to read
View full comment by William Kyte...

First Order Draft, Entire Report: From Page 0
UK
There is more interaction needed between chapter teams to unify some (theoretical) positions and avoid repetitions
View full comment by Annela Anger-Kraavi...

First Order Draft, Entire Report: From Page 0
UK
Unthinking use of the term 'interests' which implies a utilitarian ethical assumption and framing to questions of mitigation of climate change, similar issues with the unthinking use of the terms 'cost and benefits', 'optimum', 'preferences', 'prosperity' and in places 'consequences' (cf. consequential/utilitarian/economistic ethics). This language is normative and policy prescriptive not neutral.
View full comment by Mark Charlesworth...

First Order Draft, Entire Report: From Page 0
UK
Based on experience of previous IPCC Assessments, my sense is that AR5 is in relatively good shape for this stage of the process, albeit with some obvious exceptions that it is essentilal to address. Congratulations to the authors who have clearly put in a vast amount work already. However, it still lacks much intellectual integration across the different chapters and at present it is not at all clear what the ""big new insights"" may be. Nor is there a consistent intel
View full comment by Michael Grubb...

First Order Draft, Entire Report: From Page 0
UK
The basic intellectual structure that starts to emerge in Chapter 2 (where it refers to System 1 and System 2 processes) could be usefully broadened, extended, and applied as an organising framework across many chapters in AR5. (a) Broadened, so that it is not purely about the psychology of individual decision-making, but about the wider characteristics of decision-making processes at different temporal and institutional scales. (b) Extended to recognise a third level of de
View full comment by Michael Grubb...

First Order Draft, Entire Report: From Page 0
UK
It would help enormously if chapters could be more systematic in including an up-front summary of the state of knowledge represented in preivous IPCC reports. In addition, the SPM or Technical Summary should be able to compile estimates of mitigation potentials and costs, in ways analogous to AR4, and to draw any comparison with AR4 in this realm. It is not at all obvious that the chapters yet provide any solid basis for such an effort.
View full comment by Michael Grubb...

First Order Draft, Entire Report: From Page 1 To Page 1555
UK
Throughout the report the graphs are much too complicated and need considerable simplification and careful consideration needs to be given to the colours used. Complicated graphs impede understanding of the message.
View full comment by William Kyte...

Breakdown for UK