| 9.3.3. Other Emissions Inventories
Studies of atmospheric effects of aviation were conducted using the global
inventory of McInnes and Walker (1992) and emissions data sets produced by the
Dutch Institute of Public Health and Environmental Protection for 1990, 2003,
and 2015 (Olivier, 1995) based on the McInnes and Walker (1992) data. Other
emissions estimates are predominantly made on a national level (e.g., in Austria
and Sweden).
The Dutch Aviation Emissions and Evaluation of Reduction Options (AERO) Project
was initiated in 1994 by the Dutch Civil Aviation Department to estimate economic
and environmental impacts of possible measures to reduce aviation emissions
(see Chapter 10). Within this project, the flights and emissions model (FLEM)
was developed for the calculation of worldwide fuel use and emissions per grid
cell (ten Have and de Witte, 1997). The base year traffic movements database
is a combination of data from ANCAT/EC2, International Air Transport Association,
the ABC schedule, ICAO, and the U.S. Department of Transportation (DOT). Global
volumes for aircraft kilometer, fuel consumption, and emissions CO2, NOx) resulting
from computations of the AERO modeling system for civil aviation for base year
1992 and forecast for 2015 (called FPC-2015 scenario) are listed in Table
9-3. Further details appear in Pulles (1998).
Table 9-5: Emissions of CO and HC from NASA inventories.
|
| |
NASA
1976 |
NASA
1984 |
NASA
1992 |
NASA
2015 |
| Calculated CO Emissions (Tg) |
| Scheduled |
0.41
|
0.41
|
0.50
|
1.12
|
| Charter |
0.03
|
0.04
|
0.02
|
0.05
|
| FSU/China |
0.10
|
0.12
|
0.15
|
0.26
|
| General Aviation |
0.73
|
0.75
|
0.62
|
0.60
|
| Civil Subtotal |
1.27
|
1.32
|
1.29
|
2.04
|
| Military |
0.43
|
0.35
|
0.29
|
0.23
|
| Global Total |
1.70
|
1.67
|
1.57
|
2.27
|
Calculated Fleet Average CO Emissions
Index (g CO kg-1
fuel burned)
|
| Scheduled |
8.9
|
6.3
|
5.3
|
4.5
|
| Charter |
4.0
|
4.0
|
3.7
|
3.9
|
| FSU/China |
16.6
|
16.6
|
16.6
|
16.6
|
| General Aviation |
180.1
|
133.0
|
167.6
|
99.4
|
| Civil Subtotal |
19.7
|
15.2
|
11.3
|
7.1
|
| Military |
12.0
|
11.9
|
11.2
|
11.3
|
| Global Total |
17.0
|
14.4
|
11.3
|
7.4
|
| Calculated HC Emissions (Tg) |
| Scheduled |
0.27
|
0.20
|
0.20
|
0.17
|
| Charter |
0.01
|
0.01
|
0.00
|
0.01
|
| FSU/China |
0.02
|
0.02
|
0.03
|
0.05
|
| General Aviation |
0.03
|
0.05
|
0.04
|
0.05
|
| Civil Subtotal |
0.33
|
0.28
|
0.26
|
0.28
|
| Military |
0.09
|
0.07
|
0.06
|
0.05
|
| Global Total |
0.42
|
0.35
|
0.32
|
0.33
|
Calculated Fleet Average HC Emissions
Index (g HC kg-1
fuel burned)
|
| Scheduled |
5.8
|
3.2
|
2.1
|
0.7
|
| Charter |
0.9
|
0.9
|
0.5
|
0.6
|
| FSU/China |
3.2
|
3.2
|
3.2
|
3.2
|
| General Aviation |
8.2
|
8.5
|
9.9
|
8.6
|
| Civil Subtotal |
5.1
|
3.3
|
2.3
|
1.0
|
| Military |
2.5
|
2.3
|
2.4
|
2.5
|
| Global Total |
4.2
|
3.0
|
2.3
|
1.1
|
|
|
