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Chapter 3: The Arctic and the Antarctic
Executive Summary
3.1. Introduction
3.2. Regional Climate and Past Variability
3.3. Vulnerability and Potential Impacts
3.3.1. Ice and Snow
3.3.2. Permafrost, Hydrology, and Water Resources
3.3.3. Terrestrial Ecological Systems
3.3.4. Freshwater and Marine Ecological Systems
3.3.5. Fisheries
3.3.6. Agriculture
3.3.7. Navigation
3.3.8. Sub-Antarctic Islands
3.3.9. Infrastructure, Settlements, and Health
3.4. Integrated Analysis of Potential Vulnerabilities and
Impacts and Future Research Needs
References
Edited by: JOHN T. EVERETT (USA) AND B. BLAIR FITZHARRIS (NEW
ZEALAND)
Lead Author: B. Maxwell (Canada)
Contributors: M. Beniston (Switzerland), P.A. Berkman (USA),
H.S. Bolton (USA), J. Brown (USA), R. Brown (Canada), D. Demaster (USA), S.
Diaz (Argentina), R. Dixon (USA), D. Drewry (UK), L. Dyke (Canada), K.A. Edwards
(Kenya), A. Gunn (Canada), R. Hewitt (USA), R. Jefferies (Canada), S. Kim (Korea),
P. Kuhry (Finland), J. Kuylenstierna (UN), W.J.M. Martens (Netherlands), M.
McFarland (USA), A.D. McGuire (USA), A.J. McMichael (UK), U. Molau (Sweden),
M. Oquist (Sweden), C.J. Peckham (USA), C.A. Rinaldi (Argentina), F. Roots (Canada),
E. Sakshaug (Norway), M. Scott (USA), J.B. Smith (USA), R.S.J. Tol (The Netherlands),
C. Tynan (USA), E.C. Weatherhead (USA), G. Weller (USA), E. Wolff (UK)
Note: This draft is built mostly on the IPCC Second
Assessment Report, with contributions from the peer-reviewed literature provided
by those listed above. The location of the supporting text is referenced as
appropriate.
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