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Chapter 2: Africa
Executive Summary
2.1. Introduction
2.1.1. Physical Geography
2.1.2. People and Natural Resources
2.2. Regional Climate
2.2.1. African Climate Trends and Projections
2.3. Vulnerabilities and Potential Impacts for Key Sectors
2.3.1. Terrestrial Ecosystems
2.3.1.1. Introduction
2.3.1.2. Climatic Driving Forces
2.3.1.3. Soils, Plant Growth, and Land Degradation
2.3.1.4. Forest and Woodland Ecosystems
2.3.1.5. Rangelands
2.3.1.6. Deserts
2.3.1.7. Mountain Regions
2.3.1.8. Adaptation and Vulnerability
2.3.2. Hydrology and Water Resources
2.3.2.1. Hydrological Systems
2.3.2.2. Water Supply
2.3.2.3. Adaptation and Vulnerability
2.3.3. Agriculture and Food Security
2.3.3.1. Socioeconomic Vulnerability
2.3.3.2. Food and Fiber Production
2.3.3.2.1. Present agriculture
2.3.3.2.2. Impacts of climate change
2.3.3.2.3. Adaptation and vulnerability
2.3.3.3. Marine and Riverine Fisheries
2.3.3.3.1. Vulnerability of fisheries resources
2.3.3.3.2. Adaptation options for fisheries resources
2.3.3.4. Production Forestry
2.3.4. African Coastal Zones
2.3.4.1. Vulnerability and Impacts of Climate
Change on Coastal Zones
2.3.4.1.1. Egypt
2.3.4.1.2. Nigeria
2.3.4.1.3. Senegal
2.3.4.1.4. Cote d'Ivoire
2.3.4.1.5. The Gambia
2.3.4.1.6. Tanzania
2.3.4.2. Adaptation Strategies and Measures in the Coastal
Zone
2.3.5. Human Settlements, Energy, Industry, and Transport
2.3.5.1. Human Settlements
2.3.5.2. Energy
2.3.5.3. Industry
2.3.5.4. Transport
2.3.5.5. Mitigation and Adaptation: Response Options
2.3.6. Wildlife, Tourism, and Recreation
2.3.7. Human Health
2.3.7.1. Vulnerability and Adaptation
2.4. Integrated Assessment of Potential Impacts
2.5. Major Challenges Ahead for Africa
References
Edited by: MARUFU C. ZINYOWERA (ZIMBABWE), BUBU P. JALLOW
(THE GAMBIA), R. SHAKESPEARE MAYA (ZIMBABWE), H.W.O OKOTH-OGENDO (KENYA)
Lead Authors: L.F. Awosika (Nigeria), E.S. Diop (Senegal),
T.E. Downing (UK), M. El-Raey (Egypt), D. Le Sueur (South Africa), C.H.D. Magadza
(Zimbabwe), S. Tour� (Cote d'Ivoire), C. Vogel (South Africa)
Contributors: E.L. Edroma (Uganda), A. Joubert (South Africa),
W. Marume (Zimbabwe), S.L. Unganai (Zimbabwe), D. Yates (USA)
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