Climate Change 2001:
Working Group I: The Scientific Basis
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Figure 7.2: Change in the Top of the Atmosphere (TOA) Cloud Radiative Forcing (CRF) associated with a CO2 doubling (from a review by Le Treut and McAvaney, 2000). The models are coupled to a slab ocean mixed layer and are brought to equilibrium for present climatic conditions and for a double CO2 climate. The sign is positive when an increase of the CRF (from present to double CO2 conditions) increases the warming, negative when it reduces it. The contribution of the shortwave (SW, solar) and long-wave (LW, terrestrial) components are first distinguished, and then added to provide a net effect (black bars). Results presented in the diagram are bounded by a 3 Wm-2 limit. As in Chapter 8, Table 8.1, the acronyms refer to the atmospheric models of the following institutions: BMRC is the Bureau of Meteorology Research Center (Australia); NCAR is the National Center for Atmospheric Research (USA); CSIRO is the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (Australia); MPI the Max Planck Institute for Meteorology (Germany); UKMO refers to the model of the Hadley Centre (UK); GFDL is the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (USA); CCSR is the Center for Climate System Research (Japan); LMD is the Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique (the corresponding coupled model being referenced as IPSL, France); MRI is the Meteorological Research Institute (Japan). The MGO model appears only in this intercomparison and is the model of the Main Geophysical Observatory (Russia) (see reference in Meleshko et al., 2000).

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