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10. Africa
Contents:
Executive Summary
10.1. Introduction to African Region
10.1.1. Previous Syntheses of African Region
10.1.2. What is Different about Africa?
10.1.3. Past to Present
10.1.3.1. Climatology
10.1.3.2. Interannual and Interdecadal Climate Variability
10.1.3.3. Paleoclimate of Africa
10.1.3.4. Recent Historical Record
10.1.4. Climate Change Scenarios
10.2. Key Regional Concerns
10.2.1. Water Resources
10.2.1.1. Overview of Regional Water Resources
10.2.1.2. Major River Basin Systems
10.2.1.3. Demography and Water Resources
10.2.1.4. Impacts and Vulnerability
10.2.1.5. Adaptation
10.2.2. Food Security
10.2.2.1. Context of Food Security
10.2.2.2. Marine and Freshwater Fisheries
10.2.2.3. Crop Production
10.2.2.4. Livestock
10.2.2.5. Impacts of Drought and Floods
10.2.2.6. Adaptation Strategies
10.2.3. Natural Resource Management and Biodiversity
10.2.3.1. Forests and Woodland Resources
10.2.3.2. Indigenous Biodiversity and Protected Areas
10.2.3.3. Migratory Species
10.2.3.3.1. Large-mammal migratory systems
10.2.3.3.2. Bird migrations
10.2.3.3.3. Locust migrations
10.2.3.3.4. Human migratory systems
10.2.4. Human Health
10.2.4.1 Vector-Borne Diseases: Malaria
10.2.4.2. Cholera
10.2.4.3. Meningitis
10.2.4.4. Rift Valley Fever
10.2.4.5. Plague
10.2.4.6. Water-Associated Protozoal Diseases
10.2.4.7. Other Major Parasitic Infections
10.2.4.8. Air Pollution-Associated Diseases
10.2.4.9. Vulnerability
10.2.4.10. Adaptation
10.2.4.11. Technology for Safe Drinking Water
10.2.5. Settlements and Infrastructure
10.2.5.1. Overview of Issues
10.2.5.2. Coastal Settlements and Sea-Level Rise
10.2.5.3. Flooding
10.2.5.4. Energy
10.2.5.5. Human Comfort
10.2.5.6. Water Resources
10.2.5.7. Sanitation
10.2.5.8. Food Security
10.2.6. Desertification
10.2.6.1. Context
10.2.6.2. Nonclimatic Driving Forces of Desertification
10.2.6.3. Climatic Factors in Desertification
10.2.6.4. Linkages and Feedbacks between Desertification and Climate
10.2.6.5. Impacts of Desertification
10.2.6.6. Vulnerability and Adaptation
10.3. Adaptation Potential and Vulnerability
10.4. Synthesis
10.4.1. Feedbacks and Interactions
10.4.2. Uncertainties and Risks
10.4.3. Cross-Cutting Issues
10.4.3.1. Costing
10.4.3.2. Development, Sustainability, and Equity
10.4.4 Future Needs
References
Paul Desanker (Malawi) and Christopher Magadza (Zimbabwe)
Lead Authors:
A. Allali (Morocco), C. Basalirwa (Uganda), M. Boko (Benin), G. Dieudonne (Niger),
T.E. Downing (UK), P.O. Dube (Botswana), A. Githeko (Kenya), M. Githendu (Kenya),
P. Gonzalez (USA), D. Gwary (Nigeria), B. Jallow (The Gambia), J. Nwafor (Nigeria),
R. Scholes (South Africa)
Contributing Authors:
A. Amani (Niger), A. Bationo (Burkina Faso), R. Butterfield (UK), R. Chafil
(Morocco), J. Feddema (The Netherlands), K. Hilmi (Morocco), G.M. Mailu (Kenya),
G. Midgley (South Africa), T. Ngara (Zimbabwe), S. Nicholson (USA), D. Olago
(Kenya), B. Orlando (USA), F. Semazzi (USA), L. Unganai (Zimbabwe), R. Washington
(UK)
Review Editor:
I. Niang-Diop (Senegal)
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