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14. Latin America
Contents
Executive Summary
14.1. The Latin America Region
14.1.1. What is Unique about the Latin America Region?
14.1.2. Climate Variability and Change
14.1.2.1. Past to Present
14.1.2.1.1. Glaciers, precipitation, and streamflow
14.1.2.1.2. Temperature
14.1.2.1.3. Large-scale atmospheric circulation
14.1.2.1.4. Variability and impacts from El Niņo and the
Southern Oscillation
14.1.2.1.5. Extreme events
14.1.2.2. Future: Climate Scenarios
14.1.3. Socioeconomic and Trade Agreements Issues
14.1.3.1. Socioeconomic Issues
14.1.3.2. Trade Agreements
14.1.4. Environmental Legislation
14.1.5. Summary of Main Findings from the IPCC Special Report
on Regional Impacts of Climate Change
14.2. Key Regional Concerns
14.2.1. Natural Ecosystems
14.2.1.1. Humid Tropical Forests
14.2.1.2. Dry Forests
14.2.1.3. Savannas, Grasslands, and Deserts
14.2.1.4. Temperate Forests and Mountain and Polar Ecosystems
14.2.1.5. Biodiversity
14.2.2. Agriculture and Plantation Forestry
14.2.2.1. Arable Farming and Tree Crops
14.2.2.2. Ranching
14.2.2.3. Plantation Silviculture
14.2.3 Sea-Level Rise
14.2.3.1. General Impacts
14.2.3.1.1. Mangrove ecosystem
14.2.3.1.2. Coral reefs
14.2.3.1.3. Socioeconomic issues
14.2.3.2. Ecological and Local Community Values
14.2.4. Water Resources: Availability and Use
14.2.5. Human Health
14.2.5.1. Effects of Changes in Climate Variables on Health
14.2.5.2. Vector-Borne Diseases
14.2.5.3. Water-Borne Diseases
14.2.5.4. Effects of El Niño Phenomenon on Health
14.2.5.5. Effects on Food Production and Safety
14.3. Synthesis
Acknowledgments
References
LUIS JOSE MATA (VENEZUELA) AND MAX CAMPOS (COSTA RICA)
Lead Authors:
E. Basso (Chile), R. Compagnucci (Argentina), P. Fearnside (Brazil), G. Magrin
(Argentina), J. Marengo (Brazil), A.R. Moreno (Mexico), A. Suárez (Cuba),
S. Solman (Argentina), A.Villamizar (Venezuela), L. Villers (Mexico)
Contributing Authors:
F. Argenal (Honduras), C. Artigas (Chile), M. Cabido (Argentina), J. Codignotto
(Argentina), U. Confalonieri (Brazil), V. Magaña (Mexico), B. Morales-Arnao
(Peru), O. Oropeza (Mexico), J.D. Pabón (Colombia), J. Paz (Peru), O.
Paz (Bolivia), F. Picado (Nicaragua), G. Poveda (Colombia), J. Tarazona (Peru),
W. Vargas (Argentina)
Review Editor:
C. Nobre (Brazil)
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