IPCC Fourth Assessment Report: Climate Change 2007
Climate Change 2007: Working Group I: The Physical Science Basis

Errata

Last updated: 15 June 2012

Note. The following is a list of errata and corrections to the Working Group I contribution to the IPCC Fourth Assessment Report

Page Item Correction 

33

 

Technical Summary

Table TS.2

 

A number of species were inadvertently omitted that should have been included in the original table {Table 2.14}. Minor typographical errors (unit, superscripts, and footnotes) have also been corrected. Please see end of this Errata for the complete table {Table 2.14 Errata}

38

 

Technical Summary

Figure TS.7,
Panel A

 

The bottom left label of the y-axis should be

-1.0 and not -0.1 as given.

 

135

 

Chapter 2

FAQ 2.1, Figure 1

 

The red label on the graph should read: “Carbon Dioxide”. Please see end of this Errata for the revised figure {FAQ 2.1, Figure 1 Errata}

 

135

 

Chapter 2

FAQ 2.1, Figure 1

 

The CH4 curve was incorrectly plotted. Please see end of this Errata for the revised figure {FAQ 2.1, Figure 1 Errata}

 

174

 

Chapter 2

Table 2.7 

 

The Radiative Forcing value for Suzuki et al. (2004) should be
-0.54 and not 0.54 as given

176

 

Chapter 2

Table 2.7 

 

Footnote d should refer to
Figure 2.14 and not Figure 2.16 as given.

197

 

Chapter 2

Figure 2.19

 

The “j” and “o” labels in the “Black Carbon:Direct” row should be reversed.

 

208

 

Chapter 2
Figure 2.23

 

The caption should read: “...instantaneous all-sky RF (bottom panel) and surface forcing (top panel)...”

 

212

 

Chapter 2

Table 2.14

 

A number of species were inadvertently omitted that should have been included in the original table. Minor typographical errors (unit, superscripts, and footnotes) have also been corrected. Please see end of this Errata for the complete table. {Table 2.14 Errata}

 

223

 

Chapter 2

2.References

 

The following references should be added: IPCC, 1996: Climate Change 1995: The Science of Climate Change [Houghton, J. T., et al. (eds.)]. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA, 572 pp.

 

268

 

Chapter 3

Figure 3.17,
Panel A

 

The bottom left label of the y-axis should be

-1.0 and not -0.1 as given.

 

319

 

Chapter 3

3.References

 

Reference: “Allan, R.P., et al., 2001 …” should be:

“Allan, R., et al., 2001: Is there an Indian Ocean dipole, and is it independent of the El Niño - Southern Oscillation? CLIVAR Exchanges, 6, 18-22.”

 

425

 

Chapter 5

5.References

 

Reference: “Minami, H., Y. Kano, and K. Ogawa, 1998 …” should be:

“Minami, H., Y. Kano and K. Ogawa, 1999: Long-term variations of potential temperature and dissolved oxygen of the Japan Sea proper water. J. Oceanogr., 55, 197-205.”

 

513

 

Chapter 7

FAQ 7.1, Figure 1

 

In Panel (a) the “Land-Based Sink” and “Net Oceanic Sink” labels should be reversed.

 

513

 

Chapter 7

FAQ 7.1, Figure 1

 

In Panel (d) the “Human-caused Sources” bar should indicate a value of 6.7 and an uncertainty range of 3.0-11.7.

 

523

 

Chapter 7

Figure 7.8

 

The caption should read: “...who used wind speeds taken at the 0.995 sigma level (about 40 m above the sea surface.”

 

546

 

Chapter 7

Table 7.7

 

Natural Sources of NH3 in Oceans range for AR4 should read:

(3-16) and not (3-6) as given.

 

550

 

Chapter 7

Section 7.4.4.2.1

 

In paragraph 1, line 7, reference to Stevenson et al (2006) should be to: Stevenson et al (2005)

 

550

 

Chapter 7

Section 7.4.4.2.3

 

In paragraph 1, line 6, reference to Stevenson et al (2005) should be to: Stevenson et al (2006)

 

580

 

Chapter 7

7.References

 

The following reference should be added:

“Oeschger, H., U. Siegenthaler, and M. Heimann, 1980: The carbon cycle and its perturbation by man. In: Interactions of Energy and Climate [W. Bach, J. Pankrath, and J. Williams (eds.)]. Reidel, Dordrecht, pp. 107-127.”

 

600

 

Chapter 8

FAQ 8.1, Figure 1

 

The caption should read:
“Global mean near-surface temperature anomalies...”

635

 

Chapter 8

Section 8.6.3.1.2

 

The heading for section 8.6.3.1.2 should be:

“Summary of water vapour and lapse rate feedbacks”

 

673

 

Chapter 9

Section
9.2.1.3

 

In paragraph 5, line 4, reference to Goosse et al., 2005 should be to:
Goosse et al., 2005a

 

681

 

Chapter 9

Section
9.3.3.1

 

In paragraph 3, line 15, reference to Goosse et al., 2005 should be to:
Goosse et al., 2005b

 

721

 

Chapter 9

Table 9.3

 

The caption should read:
“...while the other studies use uniform prior distributions of ECS, except for Gregory et al. (2002a) who implicitly use a uniform prior on transient climate response (see Frame et al., 2005), and Annan et al. (2005) who select a range based on sampling uncertain parameters in their model.”

 

735

 

Chapter 9

9. References

 

The following reference should be added:
Goosse, H., H. Renssen, A. Timmermann, and R.S. Bradley, 2005a: Internal and forced climate variability during the last millennium: a model-data comparison using ensemble simulations. Quat. Sci. Rev., 24, 1345-1360.

 

735

 

Chapter 9

9. References

 

Reference: “Goosse, H. et al., 2005...” should be:
Goosse, H. et al., 2005b: Modelling the climate of the last millennium: What causes the differences between simulations? Geophys. Res. Lett., 32(6), L06710, doi:10.1029/2005GL022368

 

854

 

Chapter 11

Table 11.1

 

In column ‘Region’, coordinates for WAF should read:
12S,20W to 18N,22E

 

854

 

Chapter 11

Table 11.1

 

In column ‘Region’, coordinates for SAH should read:
18N,20W to 30N,65E

 

855

 

Chapter 11

Table 11.1

 

In column ‘Region’, coordinates for TIB should read:
30N,75E to 50N,100E

 

855

 

Chapter 11

Table 11.1

 

In column ‘Region’, coordinates for SAS should read:
5N,65E to 30N,100E

 

855

 

Chapter 11

Table 11.1

 

In column ‘Region’, coordinates for SEA should read:
11S,95E to 20N,155E

 

856

 

Chapter 11

Table 11.1

 

In column ‘Region’, coordinates for WNA should read:
30N,130W to 60N,103W

 

919

 

Chapter 11

Section 11.10.1.2

 

In paragraph 3, line 11, reference to Rowell, 2005 should be to: Rowell, 2006

 

925

 

Chapter 11

Section 11.10.2.2.5

 

In paragraph 2, line 3, reference to Rowell (2005) should be to: Rowell (2006)

 

936

 

Chapter 11

11.References

 

The following reference should be added: “Rowell, D. P., 2006: A demonstration of the uncertainty in projections

of UK climate change resulting from regional model formulation.

Climatic Change, 79, 243-257

 

944

 

Glossary

Dobson unit (DU)

 

The definition of Dobson unit should read:

“...2.69 × 1020 molecules per square metre”

 

SM. 9-11

 

Chapter 9
Supplementary Material
Table S9.1

 

In column ‘A+N’, beginning of row 3 should read:
3: CCSM3, USA 8 N y y

 

SM. 9-11

 

Chapter 9
Supplementary Material
Table S9.1

 

In column ‘A+N’, beginning of row 11 and row 12 should read:
11: GFDL-CM2.0, USA 3 N y y
12: GFDL-CM2.1, USA 5 N y y

 

Table 2.14 (Errata). Lifetimes, radiative efficiencies and direct (except for CH4) GWPs relative to CO2. For ozone-depleting substances and their replacements, data are taken from IPCC/TEAP (2005) unless otherwise stated. See IPCC AR4 (Forster et al., 2007; Section 2.10.2 and Table 2.14) for details. A number of species were inadvertently omitted that should have been included in the list, and the complete table appears below. Information on the GWPs of these species were included in IPCC TAR (Ramaswamy et al., 2001;Tables 6.7 and 6.8). These species are now included in this Errata to Table 2.14 of IPCC AR4 (Forster et al., 2007), following established procedures and precedents. CO2 AGWP values from IPCC AR4 (Forster et al., 2007; Section 2.10.2), and estimates of the lifetimes and radiative efficiency of these species (based on TAR and updates from WMO (2002, Chapter 1)), are employed to obtain their GWPs. Estimates of GWPs from SARare also listed for reference. Minor typographical errors (unit, parenthesis, superscripts, and footnotes) have also been corrected in this Errata.

 

       Global Warming Potential For Given Time Horizon  
Industrial Designation or Common Name Chemical Formula  Lifetime (years) Radiative Efficiency (W m–2 ppb–1) SAR (100-yr)  20-yr 100-yr 500-yr 
Carbon dioxide CO2 See belowa b1.4x10–5  
Methanec CH4 12c 3.7x10–4 21 72 25 7.6 
Nitrous oxide N2114 3.03x10–3 310 289 298 153 
Substances controlled by the Montreal Protocol 
CFC-11 CCl345 0.25 3,800 6,730 4,750 1,620 
CFC-12 CCl2F2 100 0.32 8,100 11,000 10,900 5,200 
CFC-13 CClF3 640 0.25   10,800 14,400 16,400 
CFC-113 CCl2FCClF2 85 0.3 4,800 6,540 6,130 2,700 
CFC-114 CClF2CClF2 300 0.31   8,040 10,000 8,730 
CFC-115 CClF2CF3 1,700 0.18   5,310 7,370 9,990 
Halon-1301 CBrF3 65 0.32 5,400 8,480 7,140 2,760 
Halon-1211 CBrClF2 16 0.3   4,750 1,890 575 
Halon-2402 CBrF2CBrF2 20 0.33   3,680 1,640 503 
Carbon tetrachloride CCl4 26 0.13 1,400 2,700 1,400 435 
Methyl bromide CH3Br 0.7 0.01   17 
Methyl chloroform CH3CCl3 0.06 100* 506 146 45 
HCFC-21 CHCl21.7 0.14   530 151 46 
HCFC-22 CHClF2 12 0.2 1,500 5,160 1,810 549 
HCFC-123 CHCl2CF3 1.3 0.14 90 273 77 24 
HCFC-124 CHClFCF3 5.8 0.22 470 2,070 609 185 
HCFC-141b CH3CCl29.3 0.14 600 2,250 725 220 
HCFC-142b CH3CClF2 17.9 0.2 1,800 5,490 2,310 705 
HCFC-225ca CHCl2CF2CF3 1.9 0.2   429 122 37 
HCFC-225cb CHClFCF2CClF2 5.8 0.32   2,030 595 181 
Hydrofluorocarbons 
HFC-23 CHF3 270 0.19 11,700 12,000 14,800 12,200 
HFC-32 CH2F2 4.9 0.11 650 2,330 675 205 
HFC-41 CH32.4 0.02 150  323 92 28 
HFC-125 CHF2CF3 29 0.23 2,800 6,350 3,500 1,100 
HFC-134 CHF2CHF2 9.6 0.18 1000 3,400 1,100 335 
HFC-134a CH2FCF3 14 0.16 1,300 3,830 1,430 435 
HFC-143 CH2FCHF2 3.5 0.13 300  1,240 353 107 
HFC-143a CH3CF3 52 0.13 3,800 5,890 4,470 1,590 
HFC-152 CH2FCH20.60 0.09   187 53  16 
HFC-152a CH3CHF2 1.4 0.09 140 437 124 38 
HFC-161 CH3CH20.3 0.03   43 12 3.7 
HFC-227ea CF3CHFCF3 34.2 0.26 2,900 5,310 3,220 1,040 
HFC-236cb CH2FCF2CF3 13.6 0.23   3,630 1,340 407 
HFC-236ea CHF2CHFCF3 10.7 0.3   4,090 1,370 418 
HFC-236fa CF3CH2CF3 240 0.28 6,300 8,100 9,810 7,660 
HFC-245ca CH2FCF2CHF2 6.2 0.23 560 2,340 693 211 
HFC-245fa CHF2CH2CF3 7.6 0.28   3,380 1,030 314 
HFC-365mfc CH3CF2CH2CF3 8.6 0.21   2,520 794 241 
HFC-43-10mee CF3CHFCHFCF2CF3 15.9 0.4 1,300 4,140 1,640 500 

       Global Warming Potential For Given Time Horizon  
Industrial Designation or Common Name Chemical Formula  Lifetime (years) Radiative Efficiency (W m–2 ppb–1) SAR (100-yr)  20-yr 100-yr 500-yr 
Perfluorinated compounds  
Sulphur hexafluoride  SF6  3,200  0.52  23,900  16,300  22,800  32,600 
Nitrogen trifluoride  NF3  740  d0.21    12,300  17,200  20,700 
PFC-14  CF4  50,000  e0.10  6,500  5,210  7,390  11,200 
PFC-116  C2F6  10,000  0.26  9,200  8,630  12,200  18,200 
PFC-218  C3F8  2,600  0.26  7,000  6,310  8,830  12,500 
PFC-318  c-C4F8  3,200  0.32  8,700  7,310  10,300  14,700 
PFC-3-1-10  C4F10  2,600  0.33  7,000  6,330  8,860  12,500 
PFC-4-1-12  C5F12  4,100  0.41  7,500  6,510  9,160  13,300 
PFC-5-1-14  C6F14  3,200  0.49  7,400  6,600  9,300  13,300 
PFC-9-1-18  C10F18  >1,000f  0.56    >5,500  >7,500  >9,500 
trifluoromethyl sulphur pentafluoride SF5CF3  800  0.57    13,200  17,700  21,200 
Perfluorocyclopropane  c-C3F6  >1000  0.42    >12,700  >17,340  >21,800 
Fluorinated ethers  
HFE-125  CHF2OCF3  136  0.44    13,800  14,900  8,490 
HFE-134  CHF2OCHF2  26  0.45    12,200  6,320  1,960 
HFE-143a  CH3OCF3  4.3  0.27    2,630  756  230 
HCFE-235da2  CHF2OCHClCF3  2.6  0.38    1,230  350  106 
HFE-245cb2  CH3OCF2CF3  5.1  0.32    2,440  708  215 
HFE-245fa2  CHF2OCH2CF3  4.9  0.31    2,280  659  200 
HFE-254cb2  CH3OCF2CHF2  2.6  0.28    1,260  359  109 
HFE-347mcc3  CH3OCF2CF2CF3  5.2  0.34    1,980  575  175 
HFE-347pcf2  CHF2CF2OCH2CF3  7.1  0.25    1,900  580  175 
HFE-356pcc3  CH3OCF2CF2CHF2  0.33  0.93    386  110  33 
HFE-449sl (HFE-7100)  C4F9OCH3  3.8  0.31    1,040  297  90 
HFE-569sf2 (HFE-7200)  C4F9OC2H5  0.77  0.3    207  59  18 
HFE-43-10pccc124 (H-Galden 1040x)  CHF2OCF2OC2F4OCHF2  6.3  1.37    6,320  1,870  569 
HFE-236ca12 (HG-10)  CHF2OCF2OCHF2  12.1  0.66    8,000  2,800  860 
HFE-338pcc13 (HG-01) CHF2OCF2CF2OCHF2  6.2  0.87    5,100  1,500  460 
 (CF3)2CFOCH3  3.4  0.31    1204  343  104 
 CF3CF2CH2OH  0.4  0.24    147  42  13 
 (CF3)2CHOH  1.8  0.28    687  195  59 
HFE-227ea  CF3CHFOCF3  11  0.40    4,540  1,540  468 
HFE-236ea2  CHF2OCHFCF3  5.8  0.44    3,370  989  301 
HFE-236fa  CF3CH2OCF3  3.7  0.34    1,710  487  148 
HFE-245fa1  CHF2CH2OCF3  2.2  0.30    1,010  286  87 
HFE 263fb2  CF3CH2OCH3  0.2  0.1    38  11  
HFE-329mcc2  CHF2CF2OCF2CF3  6.8  0.49    3,060  919  279 
HFE-338mcf2  CF3CH2OCF2CF3  4.3  0.43    1,920  552  168 
HFE-347mcf2  CHF2CH2OCF2CF3  2.8  0.41    1,310  374  114 
HFE-356mec3  CH3OCF2CHFCF3  0.94  0.30    355  101  31 
HFE-356pcf2  CHF2CH2OCF2CHF2  2.0  0.37    931  265  80 
HFE-356pcf3  CHF2OCH2CF2CHF2  3.6  0.39    1,760  502  153 
HFE 365mcf3  CF3CF2CH2OCH3  0.27  0.11    41  11  
       Global Warming Potential For Given Time Horizon  
Industrial Designation or Common Name Chemical Formula  Lifetime (years) Radiative Efficiency (W m–2 ppb–1) SAR (100-yr)  20-yr 100-yr 500-yr 
Fluorinated ethers (continued)  
HFE-374pc2  CHF2CF2OCH2CH3  5.0  0.25    1,930  557  169 
  - (CF2)4CH (OH) -  0.3  0.85    258  73  23 
  (CF3)2CHOCHF2  3.1  0.41    1,330  380  115 
  (CF3)2CHOCH3  0.25  0.30    94  27  8.2 
Perfluoropolyethers  
PFPMIE  CF3OCF(CF3)CF2OCF2OCF3  800  0.65    7,620  10,300  12,400 
Hydrocarbons and other compounds – Direct Effects  
Dimethylether  CH3OCH3  0.015  0.02    1  1  <<1 
Chloroform  CHCl3  0.51  0.11  4  108  31  9.3 
Methylene chloride  CH2Cl2  0.38  0.03  9  31  8.7  2.7 
Methyl chloride  CH3Cl  1.0  0.01    45  13  
  CH2Br2  0.41  0.01    5.4  1.54  0.47 
Halon-1201  CHBrF2  5.8  0.14    1,380  404  123 
Trifluoroiodomethane  CF3I  0.005  0.23  <1  1  0.4  0.1 

Notes:

a The CO2 response function used in this report is based on the revised version of the Bern Carbon cycle model used in Chapter 10 of this report (Bern2.5CC; Joos et al. 2001) using a background CO2 concentration value of 378 ppm. The decay of a pulse of CO2 with time t is given by

Where a0 = 0.217, a1 = 0.259, a2 = 0.338, a3 = 0.186, τ1 = 172.9 years, τ2 = 18.51 years, and τ3 = 1.186 years.

b The radiative efficiency of CO2 is calculated using the IPCC (1990) simplified expression as revised in the TAR, with an updated background concentration value of 378 ppm and a perturbation of +1 ppm (see Section 2.10.2).

c The perturbation lifetime for methane is 12 years as in the TAR (see also Section 7.4). The GWP for methane includes indirect effects from enhancements of ozone and stratospheric water vapour (see Section 2.10.3.1).

d Robson et al. (2006)

e Hurley et al. (2005)

f Shine et al. (2005c), updated by the revised AGWP for CO2. The assumed lifetime of 1,000 years is a lower limit.

Second Assessment Report (IPCC, 1996)

* Compound in SAR (Table 2.8) was erroneously listed as CH3Cl3.

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Frequently Asked Question 2.1, Figure 1 (Errata)

errata 27 january

FAQ 2.1, Figure 1 (Errata). Revised figure showing atmospheric concentrations of important long-lived greenhouse gases over the last 2,000 years. Using the combined and simplified data from Chapters 6 and 2, the original figure displayed the CH4 curve incorrectly. The revised figure shows the same data correctly plotted. For further details please refer to the original figure caption.