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	IPCC Fourth Assessment Report: Climate Change 2007

Climate Change 2007: Synthesis Report

Synthesis Report

Introduction

1 Observed changes in climate and their effects

1.1 Observations of climate change

1.2 Observed effects of climate changes

1.3 Consistency of changes in physical and biological systems with warming

1.4 Some aspects of climate have not been observed to change

2 Causes of change

2.1 Emissions of long-lived GHGs

2.2 Drivers of climate change

2.3 Climate sensitivity and feedbacks

2.4 Attribution of climate change

3 Climate change and its impacts in the near and long term under different scenarios

3.1 Emissions scenarios

3.2 Projections of future changes in climate

3.3 Impacts of future climate changes

3.4 Risk of abrupt or irreversible changes

4 Adaptation and mitigation options and responses, and the inter-relationship with sustainable development, at global and regional levels

4.1 Responding to climate change

4.2 Adaptation options

4.3 Mitigation options

4.4 Relationship between adaptation and mitigation options and relationship with sustainable development

4.5 International and regional cooperation

5 The long-term perspective: scientific and socio-economic aspects relevant to adaptation and mitigation, consistent with the objectives and provisions of the Convention, and in the context of sustainable development

Synthesis Report

Introduction

1 Observed changes in climate and their effects

1.1 Observations of climate change

1.2 Observed effects of climate changes

1.3 Consistency of changes in physical and biological systems with warming

1.4 Some aspects of climate have not been observed to change

2 Causes of change

2.1 Emissions of long-lived GHGs

2.2 Drivers of climate change

2.3 Climate sensitivity and feedbacks

2.4 Attribution of climate change

3 Climate change and its impacts in the near and long term under different scenarios

3.1 Emissions scenarios

3.2 Projections of future changes in climate

3.3 Impacts of future climate changes

3.4 Risk of abrupt or irreversible changes

4 Adaptation and mitigation options and responses, and the inter-relationship with sustainable development, at global and regional levels

4.1 Responding to climate change

4.2 Adaptation options

4.3 Mitigation options

4.4 Relationship between adaptation and mitigation options and relationship with sustainable development

4.5 International and regional cooperation

5 The long-term perspective: scientific and socio-economic aspects relevant to adaptation and mitigation, consistent with the objectives and provisions of the Convention, and in the context of sustainable development

5.1 Risk management perspective

5.2 Key vulnerabilities, impacts and risks – long-term perspectives

5.3 Adaptation and mitigation

5.4 Emission trajectories for stabilisation

5.5 Technology flows and development

5.6 Costs of mitigation and long-term stabilisation targets

5.7 Costs, benefits and avoided climate impacts at global and regional levels

5.8 Broader environmental and sustainability issues

6 Robust findings, key uncertainties

6.1 Observed changes in climate and their effects, and their causes

6.2 Drivers and projections of future climate changes and their impacts

6.3 Responses to climate change